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BILLIARDS. 



A COMPLETE TEXT-BOOK OF THE GAME, 



CONTAINING 



PLAIN AND PRACTICAL INSTRUCTIONS HOW TO PLAY 

AND ACQUIRE SKILL AT THIS SCIENTIFIC 

AMUSEMENT. 



FULLY ILLUSTRATED 

With Plates and Engravings, showing two hundred and fifty 

Strokes, and the best methods of executing them, as 

practised by the leading players of the day. 



M 



NEW EDITION— NEW CONTEXT— NEW AND COM- 
PLETE RECORDS OF ALL IMPORTANT MATCH 
AND TOURNAMENT GAMES, AMATEUR AND 
PROFESSIONAL, FROM THE EARLIEST 
TO THE PRESENT TIME. 



THE BRUNSWICK-BALKE-COLLENDER CO., 

New York ; 227-229 Fourth Avenue. 
Chicago : 263-265 Wabash Av. Cincinnati : 130-132 E. Sixth St. 

St. Louis : 106 S. Fourth St. Philadelphia : 1002-1004 Arch St. 

Boston : 86 Washington St. San Francisco : 652-656 Mission St. 

Toronto, Ont.: 70 King St., W. Montreal, Que.: 146 St. Lawrence St. 

Paris. Fr.: No. 2 Rue de Seze. City op Mexico : Puente del Alvarado, 






LIBRARY of CONGRESS 
Two Copies Received 

JUL 2 1904 

6 Cooyrlsrht Entry 

CLASS «- XXc. No. 

% °l 7 ^/ 
COPY B 



Copyright by 

THE BRUNSWICK-BA.LKE-COLLENDER CO. 

1904. 



TROW DIRECTORY 

PRINTING AND BOOKBINDING COMPANY 

NEW YORK 



INTRODUCTORY. 



Apart from its inviting to moderate and wholesome exer- 
cise, billiards, as popularly played, is pre-eminently a mental 
pastime. Nearly all its exponents of approved skill, what- 
ever were the drawbacks of their youth, are intellectually 
quick and bright. This is due in some measure to the ready 
mathematical requirements of the play as a routine, but in a 
much greater degree to its taxing the eye, stimulating the 
fancy, and disciplining the mind by imposing watchfulness, 
invention, and analysis. Slowness is costly, and hence, as 
an early habit, an eager alertness of vision, alacrity of step, 
and promptitude of decision. 

Regarding billiards as a spectacle, its physical requisites 
to perfection are keen sight, level head and steady hand; 
but they are by no means essential to enjoyment of it as a 
leisure-hour diversion en amateur. In this sense, its charm 
lies altogether in participation, which is all the more agree- 
able and healthful because never needing to be exhausting. 

Caroming methods are still changing. Execution is again 
growing less fantastic and more practical. Systemization 
is becoming more and more dominant. In consequence, 
certain gathering shots, depicting instructive possibilities 
rather than downright needs, and diagrammed as still proper 
to teach when the earlier edition of this book was issued, have 
no place in the present volume. 



2 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

Play has been made harder in theory, but easier in fact. 
Lowering the cushion first and the table next has facilitated 
most strokes, and particularly those dependent upon elevat- 
ing the cue. Our fathers knew pique, but seldom masse. 
Drawing a ball without hopping it has been made surer. 
Cloths were once so much heavier in nap that ironing new 
ones again and again, until the iron burned them out, was 
the method here, as it is in certain other countries yet. 
Although longer than the present ones by several inches, yet 
still choice cues of old rarely went beyond eighteen ounces. 
For special needs there are cues now whose butts alone are 
heavier than an old-fashioned cue in its entirety. The 
lighter ashen sticks of the past were meant for a greater 
variety of shots than the experts' carom game of to-day has 
use for. Styles of play as a matter of contest are also 
different. If the present generation know better how to 
count, their elders knew better when not to try and count. 

There has been progress in more directions than one. A 
light-weight cue never before handled by its wielder played 
the last 1900 points of a memorable contest. Our " Record " 
has no other one-night match so impressive for headwork, 
handicraft, and hazard. In the same year, and in the same 
State, a mile in harness was trotted in 2:19|, but under 
wholly different conditions from those which to-day govern 
track, equipment, transportation, and individual effort. As 
in the popular eye some Cresceus or Lou Dillon now com- 
pletely obscures the bob-tailed, homely little bay mare at 
Kalamazoo, so the billiard giants of these times are apt to 
overlook that the credit they receive for a marvelous prog- 
ress as counters may not be exclusively their own. Some 
share in it is possibly due to improvements that first-class 
mechanicians have made in billiard implements. Rubber 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 6 

vulcanized in layers of different densities in the one strip 
have made cushion-angles trustier, cloths are of closer shear 
and more uniformly spread, choice cue-leathers are choicer, 
cues have grown magical in their mere heft of hilt, and van- 
ished is the muslin undercloth that helped the balls to dig 
their graves deep into the one of green. Rarely seen, if ever 
now, is the serrated cushion, with a face like a saw whose 
dulled teeth are set inches apart, and not often is there com- 
plaint that the speed of the bed is greater than that of the 
return from the cushion, or else not quite so great. 



HISTORICAL. 



Billiards was practically without beginning. As with 
untold other excellences, so with that. Until merit is estab- 
lished, curiosity as to origin rarely begins. When merit is 
acknowledged, it is too late to trace origin. 

"Let us to billiards, Charmion," is one of Shakespeare's 
many anachronisms. As introduced into "Antony and Cleo- 
patra/' its significance is simply that the amusement was 
growing in favor at the English court in the time of Elizabeth, 
Shakespeare, and Mary, Queen of Scots, the last of whom 
had brought her table over with her from France. 

The diligent student may read that Socrates played bill- 
iards, that Anacharsis saw it played during his travels in 
Greece, that St. Augustine saw a billiard-table in journeying 
to or in Africa, and that Cathire More, an Irish king of the 
second century a.d. ; bequeathed to his nephew " fifty billiard- 
balls of brass, with the pools and cues of the same material." 
But the student must not go so far back as the originals in 
his search, lest he discover that all are translators' errors. 
St. Augustine's vision has proved to be nothing else. 

Billiards is also of quasi-historical record as having been 
invented by Henri de Vigne, a Frenchman, for the amuse- 
ment of Louis XI. As runs a story more explicit, though 
probably no trustier, De Vigne was only a carpenter, or 
cabinet-maker, who, at the order of Louis, fashioned "a 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 5 

billiard-table with a bed of stone, covered with cloth, and 
having a hole in the centre, into which the balls were driven. " 

A more plausible recital is that the game was introduced 
to both France and England centuries before, when the 
Knights-Templars returned from their first or second crusade 
in the Holy Land. But why not have been introduced into 
Spain and Italy at the same period? Rome should have been 
a likely spot for this game of the monasteries of the East to 
reach, and yet Rome's ample archives seem to have shed no 
light upon it, although we find the "Lives of the Roman 
Pontiffs" mentioning one Pope who was fond of billiards, it 
being the Italian game of a century or so ago. Any game of 
Eastern origin should have reached Spain, through the Moors, 
centuries before France or England got it via Palestine. 

History is no happier in taking liberties with our own 
country by variously assigning the honor of introducing 
billiards here to the Spaniards in Florida under De Soto, to 
the English Cavaliers in Virginia, to the Huguenots settling in 
South Carolina in 1690, and to the primitive Hollanders of 
Manhattan Island. But why not to the earlier Spaniards in 
Florida under Ponce de Leon, to the English Cavaliers who 
settled one-half of the province of New Jersey, and to the 
Huguenots who founded New Rochelle, N. Y., at the same 
time that kindred refugees found lodgment in South Carolina? 
Other nationalities have both played the game and kept rooms 
in once pre-eminently cosmopolitan Holland, but the Dutch 
themselves have never been a billiard-playing people; and 
the official proceedings before the schouts, scheppens and 
burgomasters of New Amsterdam may safely be challenged 
to show any allusion whatever to billiards. 

Remote literature, whether official or otherwise, is lacking 
in evidence of the game anywhere in America until introduced 



6 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

into New York City by English officers in garrison in the 
eighteenth century. On the contrary, there is proof that, 
even as late as 1808-9, the only billiards on Manhattan Island 
was the English winning-and-losing game on six-pocket tables, 
presumptively from England. One was a 7x14 with eight 
legs, and having cushions stuffed with hair. 

It is probably not worth disputing that, howsoever chris- 
tened at first, billiards was originally an outdoor game, and 
that, lifted three or four feet from the ground, it was even- 
tually taken indoors when it rained. Remotely, it may have 
been marbles or the immemorially ancient goff (now golf), 
or goff may have been remotely billiards or any one of half 
a dozen other outdoor jollities. Suffice that billiards to-day 
bears no more resemblance to what was so called a century 
and a half ago, before France introduced first the third ball 
and in 1792 the fourth, than bagatelle bears to shuffleboard 
or pingpong. 

Obscure as that of the game itself is the origin of the 
"twist" and the "draw," the two most important strokes in 
modern billiards. England claims them both for John Carr, 
the "Bath Marker," on the ground that, at some time prior 
to 1823, he was the first to chalk a cue, which is not a fact; 
and France claims them for one Capt. Mingaud, an alleged 
professional billiardist, who, while imprisoned for a political 
offence in 1823, invented the cue-leather. As the writer 
recalls this Mingaudism in its entirety, as published in a book 
issued in Paris about 1868 and reprinted in the Billiard Cue 
here, it was manifestly pure romance. France may never 
have had a professional so named, but France did have a 
Capt. Roget de Lisle, who, imprisoned for a political offence 
about the beginning of the last century, invented the death- 
less "Marseillaise." Moreover, it was about 1868 that the 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 7 

writer, on the authority of Prof. Wm. Lake, who was a profes- 
sional billiard-player here before and after 1823, published 
that Camille Avout, a shoemaker, was the pioneer in turning 
out cue-leathers in New York City prior to 1823, in which 
year a few were imported from France. 

Further to complicate matters, Carr is called the "father of 
the side-stroke" by the renowned Pierce Egan, a contem- 
porary of Carr, in his "Annals of Sporting," a London peri- 
odical; while later English billiard writers recount that 
Roomkeeper Bartley, Carr's employer, was the inventor of 
the side-stroke and the draw, that in due course he showed 
them to his marker, and that Carr merely profited by vending, 
as the magical cause of both, some powdered chalk in pill- 
boxes at two-and-sixpence a box, Italian, French and Span- 
ish players being his easy customers. 

No matter when or in what shape billiards had its begin- 
ning, it has been a favorite recreation of the good and the 
great for ages, and never more noticeably so than in the 
present one. Philosophers seek it, divines commend it, and 
physicians prescribe it. 

Whatever its old form, its new is essentially American. 
Other lands have gradually yielded to the force of American 
ideas. Public matches were a dozen years old in this country 
before there was one in any other, and the American billiard 
tournament, never seen in England until 1874-5, and not in 
France until 1879, is now the accepted mode in both. 

Balklining, another American idea, was unknown to the 
professionals and amateurs of France until 1880. It is now 
their standard caroming restriction, while for seven or eight 
years past the English have been urging a line around the 
table as a hindrance to the "nursery cannons" that are the 
most recent powerful development in their national game. 



8 MODEKN BILLIARDS. 

Cushion-caroms were first publicly exhibited in this country 
in 1867, but never in France until 1881. Three-cushion 
caroms, of which the Paris professionals have made a spe- 
cialty during the past dozen years, constitute another game 
of American development, dating from 1878 in a non-public 
way among professionals, and going many years further back 
among our non-professionals. 

Until the way was shown by Andrew Buist, an American, 
caroms were barely an incidental feature of the English game. 
Attention was called anew to them by the separate visits the 
Dions made to London more than twenty years ago. Even 
the prolific spot-ball play, which has likewise been surpris- 
ingly progressive, owes at least a little to this side of the 
Atlantic, for in advance of Buist another American — Linley 
Higham, the "Albany Pony" — settled in England. Spot- 
balling, at which he was mighty for that era on an American 
6x12 table, called then for but four different strokes in 
England. Now it engages more than twice as many. 

Modifications have likewise affected the representative 
players of France and America. For fifteen years after they 
first came together, the French were weak as compound cush- 
ioners, but strong as ball-to-ball drivers. It was the other 
way with the Americans, who had been brought up on 6x12 
and 5^x 1 1 pocket tables, while the French professors had been 
accustoming themselves to what was nearly a 4^ x 9 carom, 
whereon other cushioning than a single one, in which they 
were strong and the Americans weak, was an infrequent 
necessity. Now that the two nationalities are using the one 
table, there is little to choose between them in respect of 
cushioning and ball-to-balling. If proof were needed, there 
is the international championship match of January 29, 1904. 
with its score of 500 to 496, which is both trusty history and 
the latest up to date. 



THE BILLIARD-ROOM. 



An apartment to accommodate one table should be of 
the dimensions following, graduated by the size of the table, 
and affording space for the free exercise of the cue. Where 
two or more tables are placed, five feet will be sufficient 
to allow between them. 



For table 6 x 12, 


room 


should be 16 x 22. 


" 5£ x 11, 




" 151 x 21. 


" 5 x 10, 




" 15 x 20. 


4£ x 9, 




14* x 18L 


4x8, 




" 14 x 17*. 


3* x 7, 




" 12 x 15. 



Architects, in their plans for modern mansions, should 
make suitable provision for this amusement, without 
which no gentleman's establishment (more especially if a 
country one) can now be considered perfect. Even if the 
builder of a house has no taste for the game himself, he 
should look beforehand, and consider that such an accom- 
modation might form an important item in the price which 
a succeeding tenant would be willing to pay for it. The 
light, if possible, should come from above, through 
ample skylights, so as to bring the table within a gene- 
ral focus, and thus prevent any shadow being thrown 
from the balls or cushions. The gas-light should be 



10 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

raised about three feet two inches from the bed of the table 
and supplied with horizontal burners, as by such an arrange- 
ment no shadow is cast from the pipe. The distance of 
the light from the floor should be about 6 feet 1 inch. For 
a 5 x 10 table the cross-arms of the pendant should measure 
from light to light 28 inches, and the long arms 56 inches. 
For a 4|x9 table, cross-arms 25 inches, and long arms 
50 inches. For a 4 x 8 table, cross-arms 22 inches, and 
long arms 44 inches. For a 5^x11 table, cross-arms 
31 inches, and long arms 62 inches. A useful shade has 
been devised which throws a soft, even light on the table, 
and keeps the glare from the player's eyes. The floor, 
if carpeted at all, should be covered with some thick, soft 
material. 



BILLIARD APPLIANCES— THEIR CHOICE 
AND CARE. 

HOW TO SELECT A TABLE. 

Never attempt it. Rather consult with and rely upon 
reputable manufacturers. 

SIZE, SHAPE, AND STYLE. 

In this country there are the standard size, which is 5 x 10 
feet, and the popular size, which is 4^ x 9. Experts use the 
former, and the latter is preferred in many public rooms and 
clubs, as well as in most private houses, in the last of which 
the 4x8 also often finds a place. 

Tables are of various styles and shapes, but mostly now 
without pockets, and with the broad rails at sides and ends 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 11 

beveled, ogee, or square. Those designed for ball-pooi have 
six pockets usually, but sometimes only four. In addition 
there is the combination billiard-table, meant for both caroms 
and ball-pool at will. 

Beds are of slate, and their tendency is toward greater 
thickness than was required up to a few years ago. This adds 
to the general stability of the table. Even for the 6 x 12, 
slabs now are often in three pieces, instead of four, thus in- 
suring a smoother playing surface. Heavier slabs should 
have six legs instead of four, whether the table is 5x10 or 
larger. Many 4^ x 9's have six. 

Apart from its cloth and cushions, a table requires no 
special care beyond treating it similarly to any other piece of 
furniture, by keeping its framework clean and occasionally 
applying polish, which can be had of almost any furniture- 
dealer. When not in use, the table should be well covered up. 

THE CLOTH. 

There are various kinds and several grades. Buying the 
best will save money. 

Almost invariably, it is the indifferent player or worse who, 
in or out of public rooms, finds most fault with cushions, 
balls, cues, leathers, or chalk. The experienced one has 
learned that usually, when all is not well with him at billiards, 
the fault is with himself or in his stroke. A less skillful per- 
former will blame the balls when a sagging floor has thrown 
the table out of level, the table when a ball needs either 
truing or a holiday, the chalk or the leather when he is wildly 
throwing his whole body at the ball, and the cushion when 
diminished speed is really due to the influence of a protracted 
spell of damp weather upon cloth or ivory. One is sure to 
absorb moisture, and the other may. 



12 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

As soon as piay is over, and especially in damp weather, the 
cloth should first be hair-brushed and then whisk-broomed, 
both processes being with the nap. This, on all tables prop- 
erly set up, runs in the one direction, although what in 
America and elsewhere are called "head" and "foot" be- 
come "bottom" and "top" in England, an inversion whose 
effect is to make the grain run the same way in both, the 
English starting from the bottom. Whether table be pocket 
or carom, the dust is to be swept out through the two corners 
farthest from the "string-line," or "balk," as it is termed in 
Canada, India, England and Australia. 

Beating with the hair-brush is not advisable. Cloth 
should not be so long neglected as to need it. The brush 
spreads in the pounding, and its action is as much against 
the nap as with it. 

THE CUES. 

As to both their selection and their care, players should 
trust to the roomkeeper and his staff. An owner of a private 
table ought to see that, after play, they are not only kept 
away from a heater, but are also stood exactly upright in their 
rack, to prevent warping or crooking. Under-leathers some- 
times need sandpapering to overcome expansion. Neglected, 
they will wear away the nap of the cloth in low-ball "draw- 
shots," if not make it picturesque with L-shaped rents, 
although the usual start of these rents is that the cloth has 
been minutely punctured either by a hammered cue-ball 
(masse) or by one made acrobatic by an unskillful, thought- 
less stroke as it leaves either the cue or the cushion. For 
slightly roughening the surface of the upper leather, solidi- 
fying it, smoothing its edges, and generally "rounding it off" 
as a finishing touch, a fine rasp is of service; but it should 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 13 

not be used without that instruction which any competent 
roomkeeper will be glad to give. 

It is a habit with a few to chalk both their bridge-hand 
and the upper half of their cues in muggy weather, thereby 
befouling their own cloth and that of the table. A wet rag, 
followed by a dry one, will remove the stickiness. 

Cues are made as light as 12 ounces, but those most in 
demand are from 17 to 22. 

Ball-pool, in calling for a somewhat different stroke from 
that of ordinary caroms, needs a little longer cue. 

CUE-LEATHERS. 

Self-adhesives, with directions accompanying every box, 
have made the act of leathering an easy art; but selection is 
still a science, and here again, until experience has taught the 
amateur not so much, perhaps, what he needs as what he 
ought to expect to get, manufacturer or roomkeeper will be 
the safer guide. 

The same counsel will apply to 

CHALK. 

Most on the market is good. Much is often unspeakably 
bad. All should be dry, and as free from grease as from grit. 
It now comes in various shapes — octagon, cylindrical and 
square. As the colored is labor-saving, few roomkeepers have 
use for the white. Just as few took to the colored when first 
brought to notice, nearly forty years ago, although it was 
made green in order not to show itself upon the cloth. 

THE CUSHIONS. 

Elasticity, accuracy and durability are their requisites. 
By elasticity is not meant excessive speed, for a cushion can 



14 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

be made so fast as utterly to baffle the good player without 
ultimately aiding the bad one who craves it. All other things 
equal, that cushion is best which is neither radical nor unex- 
pected in its angles, and is least susceptible to ordinary 
atmospheric changes. 

Until their covering begins to wear out in spots, cushions 
need no other attention than to be lightly brushed when the 
bed-cloth is cleansed, and every few weeks to have their bolts 
tightened by the merest turn or fraction. Should the bolts 
be overlooked too long, the cushion itself, by emitting a 
jingling sound, will give notice that a shrinkage in wood or 
metal calls for carpenter's bit-and-brace. 

The height of the top of the modern cushion-rail from the 
floor, if level, may be roundly expressed as thirty-four inches, 
and that of the cushion's knife-like edge from the bed is one 
and seven-sixteenths inches. This is for the regulation 
American and French ball, which, at one-quarter of an inch 
above its centre, comes into contact with the cushion's edge. 
Struck with force, a much larger ball would jump over the 
cushion, while a much smaller, jamming itself between table's 
bed and cushion's edge, would jump inwardly. 

Cushions must be tuned to balls. Unless the former have 
a given height and pitch, there cannot be accurate reflection, 
and there may be inaccurate stroke. Height has already been 
discussed. Pitch is the inward slant of the cushion's top 
surface as a guide to the cue in certain situations. 

THE MAGIC BALLS. 

With balkline the vogue, as much depends upon balls, 
cloth and cushions as upon the player himself. 
Balls should be of well-seasoned ivory, and the only avail- 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 15 

able guarantee as to that is the ability of manufacturers to 
carry a heavy stock. 

There are players who talk of perfect balls, but a well- 
turned ball is the limit, and neither its truing-up nor its re- 
coloring should ever be intrusted to other than* an artisan of 
conceded skill and experience. Earth has never known an 
absolutely round sphere or a perfectly smooth plane. Under 
the glare of a chemical light, lens and screen will show hills and 
valleys in both. 

Requiring much patience and much ivory, matching balls 
is an art in itself. The lower end of a tusk is too small for 
carom balls, and the upper and larger too hollow. Perhaps 
six balls, on an average, can be shaped out of the central 
section. The ball toward the smaller end is closer-grained 
than any of its companions, all of which, while of the one size, 
may differ in other respects from one another. Possibly out 
of twenty tusks not fifty balls will be found approximately 
equal, in sets of three, with respect to weight and centralized 
gravity. As sets, they may all differ from one another, not- 
withstanding that any one set is fit for ordinary use ; and for 
an important match the whole twenty tusks are liable not to 
turn out three balls alike in size, weight and central gravity. 

The best and dearest ivory is the rarest— the worst, of 
course, is cheapest. Some tusks, as they grow, acquire more 
moisture than others. The dentine in the millions of little 
cells is greater in one tusk than in another. When it comes 
to billiard-balls, what the animal fed upon up to from ten to 
twenty years of age, and also where it fed, are no inconsider- 
able factors, could we find them out. Some tusks partly 
season by sun-drying as they grow, their owners having to 
trot long distances for water. Other elephants rear them- 
selves where water is abundant, but sunshine scarce- There 



16 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

would also seem to be more durability in the detached tusk 
than in balls made from it. The writer has a match-set he 
knows to be at least twenty-three years old, that have never 
been re-turned, and that have not had their cardboard box 
opened in nearly twenty years. What will happen to them 
if put on table? Within four hundred feet of where they rest, 
the set used in the Phelan-Seereiter match fell to pieces, in 
1867, as soon as played with. As souvenirs they had lain 
idle eight years. In Paris, some years later, professors en- 
gaged in a series of games with a set from a tusk (that of a 
mammoth) presumably thousands of years old. Until told 
the players had no idea but that those balls were from a 
modern elephant, born and despoiled within their own life- 
time. 

In view of all this, is it any wonder either that manufac- 
turers decline to guarantee ivory or that man to-day knows 
no more about it and its care than was known two hundred 
years ago ? 

Heat is a greater foe to balls than cold. The latter is not 
an abstract, positive quality or condition, being merely the 
absence of heat. Could excessive warmth be guarded against 
as to billiard-balls, there would be little reason to dread the 
chilly draught. At the outset, balls need to be much larger in 
hot climates than in cold. We in America murmur, and yet 
billiards, both social and spectacular, is played in countries 
where heat and moisture will change every new set from 
sphere to spheroid within a month. 

Balls usually do their prettiest freaks across the grain, but 
sometimes do them with the grain. Those that swell under 
the influence of moisture will occasionally, if allowed to 
remain idle for months, resume their proper form automatic- 
ally; but in a large majority of cases truing-up is the only 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 17 

cure. Balls that crack will be helped to heal, like human lips 
that chap, by touching them somewhat sparingly with tallow. 
Neither rubbing balls with oil nor storing them in sawdust 
saturated with it is recommended. There are countries 
having peculiarly evaporative traits in which oil has been 
proved a blessing, but in this climate tallow for cracks and 
sawdust without oil are about the limit of cure and pre- 
vention. 

Balls should never be placed on or near a heater. Modern 
artificial warmth is ivory's direst enemy. Roomkeepers meet 
with fewer mishaps as to balls when their places are heated 
by stoves. Those fresh from play, especially in hot rooms, 
should not be placed on metal or stone, nor even on wood 
near door or window. Metal and stone are no colder than the 
room itself, although feeling colder to the touch; but they 
have a wonderful capacity for stealing heat from other things 
and giving it away in space, to suck in more. Nor should balls 
be put at once into an iron safe. Their play has been work, 
and there can be no work without generating inside heat. 
The old way was to put them up on a shelf in the open room. 
The box might have a lid, but there would be holes in it the 
year round. The fire would go out slowly and early, and 
zero might come after midnight, but the balls would be there 
at 8 a.m. sharp. Nails in the floor worried the old-timers, 
with their self-ventilating balls, more than heat or cold. 

It was their fashion, too, never to put new balls in play at 
once. No matter how well-seasoned ivory is in point of age, 
it is practically nowhere riper than in its greenest part. Con- 
sequently a ball pared in spots in re-turning is virtually a new 
ball throughout in proffering the atmosphere new access to 
its interior. Were new balls put upon the table every day 
for two or three weeks, after the chill is off the room, and 



18 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

merely toyed with, without ever being struck with anything 
like force, they would probably give better and longer service. 

A private table should have two sets of balls,. and public 
rooms not fewer than three sets to every two carom tables. 

As soon as play is done, the balls should be Wiped off with 
a moist cloth, and then dried and polished with one of wool or 
chamois, so fine as not to scratch. 

Composition balls have advantages besides their cheapness, 
but the demand for them continues to be almost confined in 
this country to ball-pool. The prejudice against them for 
caroms is still, as it was thirty-six years ago, that they are not 
ivory. The interval has greatly improved them, however, 
and this year's promise of "absolute perfection" may at least 
result in coming closer to it than ever before. 

The match-standard American carom-ball, always of ivory, 
is of 2f diameter, with the red no larger than the whites. 
Standard ones for ordinary use are, when new, either 2f 
full or 2 7-16 scant. 



PART I 



MANUAL. 

In billiards first impressions form no inconsiderable 
bearing upon the future practice, and success depends, 
to a considerable extent, whether these impressions be 
good or bad, true or false. Too often one endeavoring 
to learn without the aid of an instructor falls into error 
through a misunderstanding of the first principles, or 
a disregard for them, in efforts to accomplish the de- 
sired ends, by means which at the moment appear the 
readiest, but are liable, in the majority of cases, to be at 
variance, and opposed to the laws governing the princi- 
ple. Kepetitions of this fault create a habit, and the 
player, finding his game does not show the satisfactory 
improvement he has reason to expect, seeks a remedy in 
an instructor who, seeing the false ideas governing his 
pupil's movements, is forced to rid him of all that he has 
acquired, and recommence upon an entirely new basis. 
All know the difficulty of changing at once the ideas 
which have been long entertained, even though one is 
satisfied of their falsity ; and to avoid this it is better, when 
possible, to start in a proper manner, secure a compe- 



20 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

tent teacher, and accustom one's self to the proper mode of 
play in the beginning. A teacher, to be valuable, should 
be able not only to show how the stroke is to be made, 
but to make it and tell why the effect is produced and 
how, to give the reasons for the different motions, and, 
in fact, to understand the philosophy as well as the prac- 
tice of the game. 

There have been published some fifty or more volumes 
upon the game of billiards, in English, French, and Ger- 
man, and despite this number the remark has often been 
made that one cannot learn to execute well from a book. 
This, to a great extent, has been the fault of the authors, 
who have been obscure in their meanings, have not 
shown the simple reasons why each particular descrip- 
tion of stroke is made, and have indulged too much in 
perplexing fractions and algebraic problems, or else they 
have reached the opposite extreme, and give no particu- 
lars other than how to strike the ball, and what the result 
will be after it is so struck. It has been the desire and 
effort of the writer to make the following directions and 
diagrams so plain and comprehensible that any one, by 
the exercise of ordinary care, can learn to play billiards 
well, by following them, and the finished player may be 
able to learn something further by a study of these pages. 
But, in order that this end may be attained, the player is 
urged to follow the teachings implicitly, and where his 
own views may be in conflict with those herein ex- 
pressed, he should discard them and conform strictly 
with those found hereafter. Every diagram and exam- 
ple in this volume has been carefully tested, and if the 
stroke is made as required, the result is inevitably as set 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 21 

forth ; should it fail, the player will discover some diver- 
gence on his part from the instruction. 



ATTITUDE. 

The acquisition of a good attitude is a point of the 
first importance to the student of billiards, and yet, from 
its purely physical nature, is a subject which almost de- 
fies the control of any written rules. There are peculi- 
arities of height and figure which render the rules that 
would be excellent in one case totally inapplicable in the 
other ; thus it is impossible to define by inches the dis- 
tance at which a player should stand from the table, 
when about to strike ; for not only will the different 
statures of men cause a difference of position — but, even 
with the same player, different positions of the ball will 
call for corresponding changes of attitude. 

Under these circumstances, the best that can be done 
is to give a general direction, which each student must 
apply for himself to his own particular case. Let him 
stand with his left foot slightly advanced, his left arm 
extended and resting on the table to form a bridge, and 
his body, not facing the table squarely, but forming an 
acute angle with the side at which he stands ; let him 
relax all the muscles of his limbs into their usual and 
most natural posture — for rigidity of body is at all times 
awkward and ungraceful, and seriously interferes with 
play. The striking motion should be confined to the 
wrist and arm, and chiefly to the lower division of it ; 
athletes in billiards, or those persons who throw their 
bodies forward after the cue, would do well to renounce 



22 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

the " game," for that quality totally unfits them for the 
delicacy of touch and firmness of body, eye, and pur- 
pose, which are the grand essentials of success. The 
body should remain immovable as a rock, while the right 
arm swings to and fro at a sufficient distance to avoid 
contact with the side, when advancing. All spasmodic 
motion and muscular contortions should be avoided; 
mere bodily strength in the player will not give strength 
to his stroke ; the quantity of motion imparted to the 
ball will correspond precisely with the weight of the cue 
multiplied by the velocity with which it is advancing 
at the instant of contact ; and therefore the only force 
required from the player, even for the strongest stroke, 
is force enough to cause his cue to move forward at a 
rate of speed which, multiplied by its gravity, will give 
the required result. As said, this motion should ema- 
nate especially from the wrist and forearm. It is im- 
possible to describe exactly what should be conveyed ; 
but if the readers, when striking, will imagine that 
they are throwing a lasso, and give the same quick, 
steady force of wrist to the cue that is required in 
flinging the coil, they will understand exactly what is 
required. 

It is owing to the knowledge of this secret, that men, 
physically weak, are frequently more than a match in 
billiard-strength for players who have the proportions 
of Hercules, and the " dead pull " of Samson when he 
brought down the pillars of the temple on the heads of 
the assembled heathen. 

As for the attitude in which a lady should stand while 
playing billiards, no instruction is needed ; perfect ease 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 23 

is perfect grace, and perfect ease of position is the grand 
desideratum for the billiard-player. As the ladies are 
always graceful, they will naturally observe that ease of 
attitude which it is only necessary to enforce upon the 
ruder and more awkward sex. 

The male novice should avoid all stiffness and parade 
— all affected dignity. Let the dress and attitude be 
such as to afford the body a perfect mastery of its own 
movements. A practised eye can discriminate at the first 
glance, on entering a billiard-room, which is the really 
skilful player, and which the pretentious bungler, by 
merely noting the contrast which the good player's easy 
grace presents to the rigid formalism of the other. Pa- 
ganini, in his younger days, when he taught the violin, 
used to give his pupils six months time in which to prac- 
tise how to hold the instrument and bow. When they 
understood that thoroughly, he could teach them, he 
said, the remainder of the art in a few weeks. 

Now, without requiring so long an apprenticeship — 
without, in fact, requiring any at all — if the student will 
only allow himself to stand in his natural position, the first 
essential feature of the game will have been accomplished. 

The left foot should be pushed slightly forward, point- 
ing straight ahead, while the right is withdrawn, and 
turned outward, at whatever angle is habitual and most 
convenient to the player. The body should be fairly 
balanced, for, without this equilibrium, we can neither 
have grace nor ease. The left arm, when necessary, 
should be advanced and rested on the table — the left 
hand being extended, as in the cut, to form a " bridge/ 
(See page 36.) 



24 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



SELECTION OF A CUE. 

Select a cue in harmony with the physical powers, and 
become accustomed so much as possible to play with 
cues of similar weight. From fifteen to nineteen ounces 
are fair weights, according to the balls now used in play. 
A cue, if too heavy, will paralyze the nerves of the arm 
and render them unable to estimate correctly the amount 
of force employed ; if too light, on the other hand, it will 
call for an amount of force so great as to be incompatible 
with a steady and deliberate aim. Without some sen- 
sation communicated to the hand through the cue, when 
it contacts with the ball, it would be impossible for ex- 
perts to accomplish the great runs so often made. 

The heavier the cue the less is the influence of the 
stroke on the ball felt, and it is carried beyond or falls 
short of the point desired. The delicate touch for nurs- 
ing should be as apparent as the stronger stroke. 

Finally, let the cue be straight, for any crookedness in 
this instrument distracts the eye, and may seriously in- 
terfere with the manual correctness. 

CUE-LEATHERS. 

The leather is an important feature of the cue — in fact, 
an all-important one to any player who deals much in 
the strokes which are technically described as "forcing," 
"twisting," and "following." With an inferior leather, 
his play will be paralyzed by miscues. In selecting the 
cue-leather, choose such as possess the finest fibre, and 
are at the same time solid, pliable, and elastic ; and see 
to it that they have a good, solid underleather, as that 
2* 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 25 

will save the point of the cue from breaking away, and 
will last longer than a thin one. Before being fitted on 
to the cue, they should be thoroughly well beaten out on 
a lapstone, so as to prevent them from spreading in the 
course of play ; but that side of them which is next the 
cue should be roughened with a file or sandpaper, as also 
the cue itself, in order that the adhesive wax may be able 
to take good hold. The leather should be rounded, not 
flat, yet each must decide for himself the exact degree of 
convexity winch will best suit his play. When the point 
of the leather becomes glazed from excessive play, a lit- 
tle sandpaper should be used to roughen it, so that the 
chalk may stick. 

HOW TO HOLD THE CUE. 

The cue should be held lightly in the hand, and when 
the tip rests one-eighth of an inch from the ball the cue- 
hand will be found beneath but a trifle forward of the 
elbow. This assures near a horizontal stroke, whereas 
if the cue be held at the extreme end of the butt, a 
curved motion up and down is given it in making the 
stroke. The cue is to be held by the three fingers and 
thumb, bent about it for support. When the stroke 
is given, and the cue carried forward, the hand closes 
naturally and without effort on the part of the player, 
then as the cue is drawn back the hand opens and is 
found again as described. The hand is not closed upon 
the cue until the instant the ball is struck, when it is 
done instinctively ; the strength of this grasp being gov- 
erned by the quickness of the movement. The speed of 
the cue, rather than the weight of the body or the great- 



26 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

ness of muscle, gives force to the ball. At the instant of 
aim being perfected the stroke should be made, and he 
who has the faculty of quickest perception and calculation 
will become the finest player. 

AIM AND DELIVERY. 

To determine the line of aim let the bridge hand be 
raised or lowered as may be made necessary for the de- 
livery of the cue, care being taken to elevate the butt as 
little as possible, thus permitting the cue to rest nearly 
horizontal. In changing the height of the bridge hand 
do not allow the end of the thumb to rise or fall, sepa- 
rated from the forefinger, against which it should rest 
gently, but secure the proper height by raising or lower- 
ing the palm of the hand from the table, permitting the 
weight to come upon the heel of the hand and the ends 
of the fingers. 

In preparing for the stroke many things must be con- 
sidered ; the strength to be employed, the chances for a 
"kiss," the weight of the ball and cue, the probable po- 
sition for the succeeding carom, and the more important 
matter of all, the exact spot upon the cue-ball to be hit 
with the cue-point. 

First, resolve upon the direction of aim, then the point 
on the cue-ball for receiving the cue ; let the eye rise to 
the spot of contact on the object-ball, and instantly upon 
being satisfied the calculations are correct make the 
stroke. At the moment the cue strikes the cue-ball the 
eye should shift to the object-ball, as with the marksman 
who regards the target rather than his rifle, in shooting. 
In moving the cue backward and forward to secure aim, 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 27 

let its point each time come within one-eighth of an inch 
of the ball, being careful, of course, not to make a foul. 
Some players do not permit the cue to approach nearer 
the ball than an inch, and at that distance a stroke false 
to the calculation is most certain to result. The begin- 
ner should not be discouraged by the result of a stroke 
which he may have reasoned to himself was perfect. 
Whatever the intentions may have been before making 
it, the course of the ball will show beyond doubt the 
stroke that was actually made, and the player will then 
understand, if that course be different than he antici- 
pated, that the point of contact upon the cue-ball was 
not such as he intended ; he must remember, in fact, 
that the laws of motion are unalterable, while human 
vision is easily deceived. 

THE CUE-BALL. 

The centre of the cue-ball being considered the point 
from which all calculations are made, the following words 
are used in the directions for making shots to express a 
stroke at fractional distances from this centre. 

The centre, as presented to player in a horizontal stroke : 

Above means above centre. 
Below " below " 
Right " right of " 
Left " left of " 

Masse Stroke, 

The centre, as the player looks down upon the ball : 

Aft means off the perpendicular centre, directly away from the 
object-ball looking from above, in direction of the line of aim. 
Forward means forward of centre toward object-ball. 
Right " right " from line of aim. 



28 



MODEEN BILLIAUDS. 

a 

4 




CDi 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 29 

Left means left of centre from line of aim. 
The cue-ball is that with which the play is made. 
The object-ball is the first ball struck by the cue-ball. 
The carom-ball is the second ball struck by the cue-ball, complete 
ing the carom. 

It is first necessary to master the centre -stroke, which 
is accomplished by delivering the cue at the point g, the 
line g, e, a, being the centre diameter of the ball. 

The centre stroke imparts to the ball a natural impell- 
ing force where the strength of stroke is not in excess of 
"ordinary" (see Plate I). This stroke should always be 
used unless the player has a reason for a different delivery. 
Any divergence from the centre produces an effect on 
the ball in excess of the natural, and when applied in the 
smallest degree the result should be fully understood. 

A centre stroke, with exceeding strength, produces an 
effect herein explained : 

A centre stroke, slow or medium, will cause the cue- 
ball to rotate the instant of delivery, but in excess of me- 
dium the ball will slide a distance over the cloth before 
rotating, that distance being governed by the strength of 
stroke, and when thus sliding should contact be had with 
an object ball, at the slightest variation from its centre, 
right or left, the cue-ball will perform a right angle to 
either side, and the object-ball, taking up the impelling 
force, continues the direct right line of the cue-ball. 

The Follow-Stroke. 

By viewing the diagram in such way as will bring the 

explanation under letter A into a proper reading position, 

the follow shot is seen. For this stroke the cue is 

delivered \ above centre, imparting two forces to the 



30 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

ball : impelling it forward in direction of arrow a and 
rotating in direction of arrow b, the entire force of the 
blow converging to centre of motion e. With this stroke 
the cue- ball, after striking the object-ball fall, follows 
directly in its path. At the instant of impact with an ob- 
ject-ball, the cue-ball will, if struck with great strength, 
apparently stand still through the resistance of opposite 
forces caused by contact, but the rotating power over- 
coming the repelling tendency of the concussion, carries 
it forward on its original path; 

It will be noticed the line k through the cue meets the 
spot h on the ball which is the point of aim, and this 
should be the case in every description of stroke. Only 
a part of the surface of the leather impinges upon the 
ball in this stroke, and the quantity of surface is governed 
by the strength used, for the stronger the blow the 
greater the indentation of the ball in the leather. The 
effect of delivering the cue-ball on the object-ball right 
or left of full will become apparent to the student early in 
his practice. 

The cue may be delivered still farther above the 
centre — a f delivery, which imparts excessive rotation, 
and which is as far above as the leather will hold on 
the ball surface. The "follow" can also be executed 
with the cue delivered as far as one-fourth below centre, 
but the latter delivery should be with a "slow " strength 
of stroke, that the ball may rotate naturally; if it be 
full upon the object-ball and with strength exceeding 
»' medium," the cue-ball will stop, or will perform a right 
angle if played a fraction off the centre, as shown in 
Plate IV., Balls 1 and 6- 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 31 



The Draw-Stroke. 



Turn the diagram so the letter B may come beneath 
it and the draw-shot is illustrated. 

The delivery as shown is one-half below centre, with 
the central line k through cue meeting the point of con- 
tact, h, on ball, and imparting to it three distinct forces, 
that of impulsion, rotation, and retrograde, the latter 
causing the cue-ball to rotate in direction of the arrow b ; 
the strength of this force is such as to counteract the 
natural tendency of the impulsion, prevent the forward 
rotation, and cause the ball thereby to slide over the 
cloth without the rolling motion. This stroke holds the 
ball (thus preventing for the instant its natural rotation) 
in a position corresponding with the line e to i y the mo- 
ment the impelling force is communicated to the object- 
ball, which is at the instant of contact, the retrograde 
power acts with all its remaining strength, and it returns 
in the direction of the player. The distance between the 
balls must regulate the strength of the stroke, but greater 
distance between cue- and object-ball requires greater 
force, that the cue-ball may retain its retrograde tendency 
which prevents its being displaced by friction in sliding 
over the cloth, which inertia in the cue-ball acts in the 
direction of dotted line i to j. A delivery -J below, with 
the object-ball the length of the table away, will act as a 
" slowed " ball only. The quick, sudden delivery move- 
ment of the cue made with the aid of the wrist is what 
imparts the retrograde or "draw" tendency to the ball ; 
there should be no spasmodic motion, but a free and 
horizontal blow direct at the calculated spot on the sur- 



32 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

face of the cue-ball, permitting the cue to pass naturally 
beyond where the cue-ball has rested, as the grip of the 
hand upon the cue will stop the latter when the. limit of 
its swing is reached, except where cue- and object-balls 
are near together; in the latter case, that a foul may be 
avoided, a "twist" or "English" is imparted to the cue- 
ball, which carries the cue naturally off the side of the 
cue-ball. 

Do not withdraw the cue; it is an awkward habit many 
persons have acquired. The limit of the swing of the cue is 
governed by the strength of the stroke. Full instructions 
in regard to the cue and its delivery have already been 
given. 

The "English" or " Twist "Stroke. 

Bringing C beneath the diagram, we have the "English" 
stroke, with the cue delivered at \ right of centre, which 
imparts to the cue-ball a perpendicular axis. A variation 
to the slightest degree in twist makes a difference in the 
direction of the cue-ball, which can only be appreciated 
by those who have studied it carefully. 

A player, when instructed to deliver a \ cue-ball, for 
instance, will disregard the direction and deliver a i or 
even a \ ball, apparently unconscious or careless of the 
value of the change. When it is understood that a cue- 
ball may be made to carom upon a ball placed anywhere 
upon the bed of the table by the application of the proper 
degree of twist, then the player will recognize the neces- 
sity or advisability of so fixing the various degrees in his 
mind as to have them always ready for use. A twist se- 
cures, of course, a false angle, and is used generally when 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 33 

the natural angle will not accomplish the result desired, 
and again, often is employed to control the object-ball. 

The velocity of the cue-ball in the twist-stroke is 
governed by the divergence from the centre at which 
delivery of cue is made. There is a method in employ- 
ing twist which is effective, that of combining it with the 
division of the object- and cue-balls, giving an exact line 
of aim to be had in no other way. When the twist is 
applied to that side of the cue-ball coming in contact 
with the object-ball, the aim will be more positive, as the 
cue covers the exact line of aim through the two balls. 

The effect of the twist may be marked by placing the 
cue-ball upon its spot, and playing the cue-ball, hit in its 
centre, at the left side cushion, at an angle of 45°. The 
ball in its rebound taking a natural angle, traverses a line 
corresponding to its original line of departure from the 
cue. Impart right-hand English and the angle grows ob- 
tuse ; increase the twist and the angle widens accord- 
ingly, and it grows until the extreme angle is reached 
through application of excessive twist. 

Players frequently are at a loss to know upon which 
side to apply twist to accomplish certain desired results, 
and but few give sufficient thought to the matter to un- 
derstand the theory of the " English." A cue-ball struck 
upon its right side and contacting with the left cushion 
at an angle of 45°, the cue-ball touching cushion at point 
I on ball (see p. 44), will describe an obtuse or wide angle, 
which is nearer parallel to the cushion than the natural 
angle, for the reason that the circular spinning motion, 
imparted by the cue to the ball, is moving on that side 
of the ball contacting with cushion in an opposite direc- 



34 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

tion to the impelling force (as shown in arrows b and I) ; 
hence, when it contacts with the cushion, it spins against 
it in a direction which acts as a blow from the ball on the 
cushion, and this carries it farther forward. When the re- 
verse or left English is imparted the revolution of the ball 
is exactly opposite to that already shown, and its tendency 
is to leave the cushion toward an acute angle, the direction 
of the spin on the side contacting being that in which the 
ball is moving ; so, when it meets the cushion, in place of 
gliding along it strikes it in such a manner as to receive 
a check to further onward progress and describes a line 
inclined toward a right angle from the point of contact. 
When delivered directly upon a cushion the cue-ball 
should be struck upon that side toward which it is ex- 
pected to roll. In compound angles the twist is so con- 
sumed after leaving the second cushion that the response 
from a third cushion approximates a natural angle. Many 
players are deluded with the idea that it is necessary to 
turn, jerk, or twist the arm when making an "English" 
stroke, and some suppose the ball should be rubbed by 
the cue in delivery ; in reality no such thing is required. 
After the aim is secured, and the point for striking is de- 
termined upon, let the player make the stroke naturally 
and easily, and leave everything else to take care of itself. 
After the blow has been given, no amount of intelligence 
and no wonderful contortions can alter its effects. In all 
deliveries imparting twist up to and including " ordinary " 
strength of stroke, the wrist only is to be used. Every 
blow delivered with the cue converges to the centre of 
motion at e in the cue-ball (as shown in arrow c, c,), and 
every grain of weight in the ball is imparted through the 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 35 

cue to the hand ; therefore with the expert the weight 
and density of the ball is calculated to a nicety at each 
delivery, whether it be at centre or at f right or left, 
else all strengths could not be so cleverly estimated in 
gathering and holding the balls for a long run. 

The Masse. 

Bringing the letter D beneath the illustration the 
masse stroke is shown. 

This is the most difficult of all strokes to describe and 
instruct with the pen. The cue is delivered in the dia- 
gram at the \ ball surface-point h ; the cue is held slant- 
ing at an angle of 78f degrees, shown by dotted line 
d. The butt of the cue is held as near the eye as 
is possible, not interfering with the sight, that the eye 
may run down the cue covering the spot on the ball 
to be hit ; the cue is held between the thumb and three 
fingers, the thumb being on that side toward the face, 
and when the point of the cue rests on the ball the 
thumb of this cue-hand should be about three inches 
above the horizontal line of the elbow of that arm ; this 
will show the spot on the cue-ball which is to be struck. 
Permit the cue to play freely and without diverging from 
a straight line in its movement up and down, to and from 
the ball, until the aim is secured. 

The bridge is formed by resting the ends of the fingers 
of the bridge-hand on the table with a slight pressure, 
the back of the hand being turned outward nearly paral- 
lel with the side of the body, with the fingers slightly 
spread to resist vibration from the play of the cue, with 



3G MODERN BILLIARDS. 

the thumb separated from the hand, with its end resting 
about an inch and a half from the forefinger. The spot 
upon the ball for delivery of the cue must be found by 
looking between the thumb and forefinger, immediately 
over the outer edge of the cue-tip. Practise this posi- 
tion as instructed, and when it is acquired more than 
half the difficulties of the stroke will be overcome. It is 




this correct attitude that goes far toward insuring a 
proper delivery of the cue-tip on the cue-ball. For de- 
liveries in excess of "medium" the cue may be held at 
the butt, the same as heretofore instructed for the 
regular masse, with the exception that the left fore- 
arm must rest upon the hip, the forefinger hooked 
about the cue a foot more or less from the tip. In this 
way unlimited strength may be used. In the close masse 
the weight of the cue, guided by the wrist only, is suf- 
ficient to accomplish the stroke. The forearm is used in 
addition to the wrist when the balls lie farther apart, 
judgment, of course, being exercised in imparting the 
force in accordance with the distance between cue- and 
object-ball. When the delivery is perfect, the bite or 
grasp of the cue-tip on the ball will be felt in the hand 
by the player through a sensitive, keen vibration of the 
cue. The retrograde movement imparted to the cue- 
ball is that denoted by arrow b, and the slant given the 



Takinu Aim.— The Ordinary MassEc 



38 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



cue, indicated by dotted line d, imparts the impelling 
force and the ball moves in accordance with the calcula- 
tion. The cue-ball slides upon the cloth at point a, the 
same as explained in the draw-stroke. 

Slowed Ball. 

Slowing the cue-ball and speeding the object-ball is 
one of the most important strokes in the game. If the 
cue-ball be delivered at the pivot centre of the object- 
ball, the points of impact will be at the greatest diameter 
of both balls and the exact centres of each ball will meet, 
and the cue-ball, if hit £ below, will stop instantly and 
rest. If the cue-ball be delivered a hair's-breadth from 
the centre of the object-ball, the former will describe a 
perfect right angle from the object-ball, as illustrated in 
Plate IV., balls 1 and 6. The fractional divergences 
from centre in delivery of cue on cue-ball gives that ball 
a separate and distinct action. 

Elevation of the Cue. 

™ >3^ 




.Diagram giving the degrees of elevation at which the cue should be held. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



39 



The angle line 10° represents the position of cue in 
making the " draw-jump " shot, the stroke " very hard " 
J below centre. 

The angle 22J° is for the "jump stroke," struck £ 
above the centre. 

67£° is the " half-masse," £ aft the perpendicular or 
top centre, as hereafter explained under "Masses." 

78£° is the full masse, the cue-ball being struck £ aft 
the perpendicular centre, i.e., looking down from a line 
above the ball at 90°, at the top centre of the ball, which 
latter centre is directly over the centre of motion, and 
the centre of gravity as well. 

The common angle — 45° — is denoted by a heavy line 
whereby the player may better gauge the other lines. 

The " Jump " : its Causes and Preventions. 

A ball is made to "jump " by being struck hard \ above 
its centre with the cue held at an elevation of 22£°. The 
stroke of the cue at this elevation is resisted by the bed 
of the table, and the ball rebounds, leaves the table and 
flies through the air, the distance being regulated by the 
strength of stroke, which is usually "hard." When the 
cue-ball reaches the object-ball or cushion, its centre is 
above that of the object-ball or the top surface of the 
cushion, causing the ball to ride over whatever it may con- 
tact with. If the force used is great the object-ball will 
also be made to "jump," often causing both balls to fall 
to the floor. When a ball lies close under the cushion it 
makes necessary an elevation of the cue to about the angle 
for a "jump ; " when this occurs the player must be very 
careful in making the stroke, and must sacrifice a certain 



40 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

quantity of strength in order to secure the carom, for 
should considerable force be used the ball will leave the 
bed of the table. When the ball lies in the open table 
and it is desirable to use more than "ordinary" strength, 
it is always better to deliver the cue ^ below centre, so as 
to do away with any possibility of a "jump." The motion 
of the ball in being struck below centre is denoted by the 
arrow 6, the bed of the table beings", and when contacting 
with the cushion at a the ball is rolling upward, and the 
cushion acting against it holds it down to the table. 

In delivering cue on ball, it is always necessary to ob- 
serve the exact fractional divergence from centre, as the 
slightest change may make the stroke a miss. For the 
fractional parts of balls, the reader is referred to the next 
succeeding pages. 

Object-Ball. 

In the object-ball all distance is measured from its 
central width ' (indicated in cut by dotted line o) to 
its outer edge surface, and the fractional strokes are cal- 
culated from this centre point, each divergence denoting 
the body resistance received by the cue-ball from the ob- 
ject-ball ; thus with -f as a full ball, J signifies £ to left 
or right of centre as may be instructed. 

The position which the object-ball may assume after 
being struck is unimportant, so far as that particular 
stroke is concerned ; but in the management of the balls 
and the ability to leave them in a position favorable to 
the next play — or unfavorable to his opponent, if the 
player thinks it impossible to count himself — lies the 
strength and science of the game. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



41 



General Division of the Object-Balls. 

The spots on the horizontal line through the centre 
diameter of the ball, are the different fractional parts at 
which tiie cue-ball may be delivered, to effect certain re- 




ar^, xtraiieJrcneCut 



suits. The spots are made by exact measurement, and 
extend from the pivot A toward either side surface. The 
centre A indicates a " dead full " delivery. The spots 
right and left of this centre show the points of impact 
for the cue-ball, as may be directed. 



42 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 
It 



^<4 



Ob/er.tBafl 




MODERN BILLIARDS. 43 



Division of the Cue and Object Balls. 

The division of the cue and object balls are important 
elements in the game of billiards for the player to under- 
stand and master. Both should be divided at the in- 
stant of aim, and the line of aim should be through the 
points on the two balls at which they will come in con- 
tact. If a delivery on the object-ball of a J ball right 
be required, then the left half of the cue- ball will impinge 
upon the right half of the object-ball ; consequently aim 
should be taken from and to these parts. 

It is impossible to deliver a full cue-ball on a J or 
other fractional part of an object-ball ; for when a full 
cue-ball delivery is made upon a full object-ball, the cen- 
tres of both balls meet. 

The dotted lines show the course the object-ball takes 
after being struck by the cue-ball. These directions may 
be considered in effecting either a carom, or in pocketing 
the ball in the pool games. 

The line from a upon the cue-ball to a upon the object- 
ball indicates the direction taken by the former when 
delivered full upon the latter. 

The corresponding letters upon the two balls denote 
the points of contact. Thus, the letter b on the cue- 
ball shows the point of fractional division of a f ball, and 
b upon the object-ball indicates exactly where such a de- 
livery will bring the cue-ball into contact with it ; the 
other fractions are at c, d, e, and f. 

The dotted lines beyond the object-ball are the paths 



44 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



over which it will travel after being struck by the cue- 
ball at the fractional deliveries indicated. 

These balls can, of course, be still further divided into 
other fractions. 

Fractional Divisions of the Cue-Ball. 







i 

i 
i 






\*>*' 








K 


i 


m 




/ \ 


i 


/ \ 






i 


/ \ 




/ \ 


i 


/ \ 


/ / 




V 1 

\ 1 


/ \ 


jL 

1 
1 


-^... 




<L_J 


I 


, 


/ \ \ 


i 
\ 






1 

1 

1 


X 




>' N ^ 


1 


*' \ 


V / 




i 

i 
i 





When the reader finds, in the explanation of the fol- 
lowing diagrams, directions to strike the cue-ball at a 
stated distance above or below the centre, a reference to 
this plate will show the exact point indicated by the frac- 
tions. 

The letters b, c, d, e, denote points at which the ball 
may be struck, giving to it four distinct movements, im- 
pulsion, rotation, English or twist, and draw or recoil. 



DIAGRAM OF STROKPJS. 



46 • MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE I. 

EXPLANATION OF STRENGTH OF STROKE. 

Stroko 1. — A one-cushion stroke, denominated slow. 
" 2. — A two-cushion " " medium. 

" 3. — A three-cushion " " ordinary. 

*' 4. — A four-cushion " hard. 

" 5. — A five-cushion " " very hard. 

The fractional parts of the table are indicated by the figures £, 
|, or £, and when employed are to be understood as directing- that 
such force shall be imparted to the cue-ball as to carry it the dis- 
tance denoted, either in excess or below the space traversed by the 
ball when struck with either of the five degrees of strength ; thus 
£ in excess of slow instructs the player to use such force as shall 
return the ball one- half the length of the table after contacting 
with the cushion. 



MODEKN BILLIARDS. 49 



PLATE II 

CAHOM8 ILLUSTRATED* 

Illustrating different lineal directions of the cue-ball, with strength of 
stroke, "Ordinary" to "Hard" (see Plate I. for strength of 
stroke). 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball \ above, object-ball f right ; strength, "or- 
dinary" to "hard." The cue-ball, partaking of the "fol- 
low" quality, and having its direction changed by contact 
with the object-ball, rebounds slightly with the concussion, 
and in its efforts to regain its natural course — that of the 
"follow" — describes a convex curve, and effects carom in 
corner. 

Diagram 2. — Illustrating the concave curve. Cue-ball \ below, 
object ball f right ; strength of stroke, " ordinary " to " hard. " 
The retrograde tendency given the cue-ball by the "draw" 
overcomes the impelling power after its contact with the 
object-ball, and causes it to make the curve shown. 

Diagram 3. — Straight line carom. Cue-ball centre, object-ball £ 
right; strength of stroke, "ordinary." The cue-ball being 
struck in the centre has neither rotary motion forward nor 
back, but slides over the bed of the table a certain distance, 
when the natur?! condition of a moving sphere overcomes the 
propelling power, and it takes a rolling movement. Plate 
IV. fully explains this centre delivery. 



50 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE III. 

PLAIN CAROMS WITH DIFFERENT DEGREES OF STRENGTH. 

Illustrating the control of cue-ball by application of different forces, 
and being struck i below at each stroke, the object-ball -§• right 

. To carom on ball 1. — Strength of stroke, medium. 

" " 2. — " " ORDINARY. 

" 3.— " " HARD. 
" " 4. — " " VERY HARD. 

Constant practice is necessary to properly gauge the strength 
required. The force of the delivery controls the several caroms. 
Familiarize the eye with the angle of departure from the object- 
to the carom-ball, noting the width of space between them. 
When like positions are brought about in the progress of a game, 
the player will recognize the similarity to those shown here, and 
will understand how to play. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. , 53 

PLATE IV. 

DIAGRAM OP CAROMS SHOWING PLAYER'S CONTROL OF CUE- 

UALL. 

This plate shows a most useful series of diagrams for general 
instruction in striking the cue-ball. It is made to carom upon 
each of the ten numbered balls, playing full each time upon the 
object-ball «, simply by changing the position of the cue at, be- 
low, and above the centre of the cue-ball. 

To carom on ball 1. — Cue-ball £ below, object-ball -f left ; strength 
of stroke, "medium." This gives the slow movement to the 
cue-ball and speed to the object-ball, and is used in the game 
to drive the object-ball for a gathering stroke. 
To carom on ball 2. — Cue-ball " centre," object-ball £ left ; strength 
of stroke " medium." The stroke can also be played with any 
strength desired. 
To carom on ball 3. — Cue-ball \ above, object-ball £ left ; strength 

of stroke, " medium." 
To carom on ball 4. — Cue-ball £ above, object-ball -J right ; stroke, 

"medium." 
To carom on ball 5. — Cue-ball centre, object-ball £ right ; stroke, 

"medium." 
To carom on ball 6. — Cue-ball £ below, object-ball | right ; stroke, 
"medium." By playing the cue-ball £ below, and full on the 
object-ball, the cue-ball stops and rests at the point where it 
comes in contact with the object-ball. 
To carom on ball 7. — Cue-ball i below, object-ball f right ; stroke. 

"medium." 
To carom on ball 8. — Cue-ball f below, object r ball £ right ; stroke, 

"medium." 
To carom on ball 9. — Cue-ball f below, object-ball | left ; stroke, 

"medium." 
To carom on ball 10. — Cue-ball } below, object-ball f left ; stroke, 
"medium." The dotted lines 1 and 4 show course of object- 
ball from a f delivery, and lines 2 and 3 the course from a | 
delivery, and show also how the object-ball may be thrown in 
position, as explained hereafter in Part IL 
The player should thoroughly understand what motion each 
stroke imparts to the cue-ball, and what positive direction the lat- 
ter gives to the object-balls. 

In all draw-shots allowance should be made for the curve of the 
cue-ball when it leaves the object-ball, and direction thereafter 
should be calculated with the curve considered, its extent being 
governed by the strength and proximity to the centre of the ob- 
ject-ball — nearer the centre the less marked is the divergence from 
a straight line. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 55 



PLATE V. 

Illustrating tlie various angles resulting from the application of dif- 
ferent degrees of strength when played at tlie same point on tlie 
cushion. 

Having- explained the methods of the direct caroms, the cushion 
play is illustrated : 

To perform the angle a to b strike the centre of the cue-ball, 
the line of aim being at the point a. The natural angle from the 
cushion through a medium stroke is that of line from a to 6, &, 
bearing in mind that with the medium strength the angle of re- 
flection is always equal to the angle of incidence — that is to say, 
the line of angle from a to b is the exact counterpart of the ori- 
ginal direction of the cue-ball to point a. 

An "ordinary" stroke will effect angle from atoc, and the 
" hard " stroke will produce the angle a to d. 

As the strength of stroke is increased the ball necessarily im- 
beds itself more firmly in the cushion, and the sudden rebound, 
together with the resistance from the rubber through indentation, 
throws it off with greater velocity and produces a more acute 
angle. 



56 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE VI. 

DIVISION OF ANGLES. 

Diagram 1. — The angle from c, a, to ball 2 represents the angles 
of incidence and reflection, and it is drawn mentally before 
considering the ball 1. If a ball is banked from c at the centre 
diamond at b on the end cushion, it will take its angle of reflec- 
tion directly on ball 2. Therefore, with ball 1 placed as per 
diagram, with its edge surface at the line running from c to a, 
and the centre stroke on cue-ball on \ right of ball 1, with 
strength of stroke " slow," the cue-ball will follow same angle 
found in the bank and will carom on ball 2. 

Regarding diagrams 2, 3, 4, and 5, follow the same directions as 
in diagram 1, excepting, of course, in the necessary change of im- 
pingement, owing to the difference in position toward the diamond 
sight b, increasing the strength of stroke to cover the lines of the 
diagram. 

Play to be made from ball 3 to 4, 5 to 6, etc., etc. 



58 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE VII. 
PHILOSOPHY OF THE ENGLISH OR TWIST STROKE. 

When "English" or "twist" is applied to the cue-ball in its 
course, it is forced from a straight line and diverges to an extent 
that it will pass around a ball placed in a direct line before it. 
The line of aim in the diagram is a i ball right on the object- 
ball, cue-ball f left and f below; stroke, "medium." This 
stroke is the application of the extreme English and extreme 
draw, and is of such force as permits the combined motions — im- 
pelling, rotating, retrograde, and diagonal — applied to the cue- 
ball to act upon it. The distance from the starting-point of the 
greatest point of divergence of a cue-ball is, of course, governed 
by the strength of stroke applied. 

The point e is the natural destination of the cue-ball struck at 
centre, upon | object-ball, and the difference in space between 
points e and/ may be made by striking the ball, as shown in the 
diagram, for the reason that the cue-ball, diverging as it does 
from a straight line, takes from the point c a new direction, effect- 
ing a \ stroke upon the object-ball and rolling, as we have said, 
to point /. 

The dotted line d shows the direction in which the ball is forced 
by being struck on the side, but the ball rotating in the opposite 
direction to that which it is impelled, in consequence of the twist 
and draw imparted, aided by the resistance through friction of 
the nap of the cloth, serves to bring it back to the original point 
oi aim, as shown by the curved loop-line, b, which denotes twist. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 61 



PLATE VIII. 
ILLUSTRATING CUSHION TWISTS. 

This diagram illustrates the three principal strokes of the cue- 
ball on the cushion, showing the effect of twist after contact of 
ball with the cushion : 

If the cue-ball be struck in the centre from point shown in the 
diagram, upon the cushion at a, its natural course will be the 
line from a to b — stroke, " medium." If f right and f below at a, 
it will take the extreme angle indicated by the line a to d — stroke, 
"medium." If f left and £ below at a, stroke, " ordinary," it 
will effect the angle from a to c. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 63 



PLATE IX. 

CUSHION CAROMS BY CENTRE STROKE, ENGLISH OR TWIST, FROM 
ONE POSITION. 

This plate gives simple examples of the cushion angles shown 
in previous diagrams. 

To carom on balls 7 or 8. — Cue-ball centre, object-ball i right ; 
stroke, " medium." This is the natural or reflected angle. 

To carom on balls 2 or 4. — Cue-ball £ right, •£ above, object-ball 
i right ; stroke, " medium." 

To carom on balls 3 or 5. — Cue-ball ■§• right, $ above, object-ball 
£ right ; stroke, " medium." 

To carom on balls 6 or 9. — Cue-ball £ left — a reverse English — ob- 
ject-ball i right ; stroke, "medium." 



64: MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE X. 
COMPOUND ANGLES. 

Illustrating tlie manner of effecting a 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 cushion carom. 

Ball a } a is introduced as an imaginary one from which the 
player may make the mental calculation of the angles necessary 
to secure the carom, as shown before in Plate VII. 

After finding the angles place the ball 1 as in diagram, strike 
cue-ball (2) i right, % below, object-ball i right; stroke, "ordi- 
nary." Cue-ball cushions at a, b, c, d, and e, caroming on ball 3. 

Should a ball be located at either of the points indicated as 
those where the cue-ball contacts with the cushion, of course £ 
carom would be effected there as well. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 67 



PLATE XI 
THE CUSHION KISS. 

Illustrating the four km strokes possible by making stroke on dif- 
ferent points of the cue-ball and the object-ball i right. 

To kiss to cushion at c. — Where a ball may rest : cue-ball £ above, 
object-ball $ right; stroke, "ordinary." The cue-ball will 
describe the curve line from ball 1 to c. Should player de- 
sire to reach any point between c and e the ball 1 should 
be hit from -| to f right. Judgment must be exercised as to 
the precise fractional part and also the strength of stroke. 

To kiss to b. — Cue-ball ^ below centre, object-ball •£ right ; stroke, 
"ordinary." 

To kiss to d, the natural angle of reflection, cue-ball •£ below, ob- 
ject-ball $ right ; stroke, " ordinary." 

To a, the acute angle, cue-ball f below, object-ball -| right ; 
stroke, "hard." The "draw" imparted to the cue-ball, to- 
gether with the kiss and the extreme velocity obtained from 
the cushion resulting from the hard stroke, tends to rebound 
the cue-ball in a direct line across the table. 



68 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE XII. 
PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATION OF THE MASSE STROKE. 

Illustrating tlie most difficult stroke that may be made witlwut the 
personal aid of a teacher. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball f aft of perpendicular centre, the line of aim 
being direct at ball 1, the elevation of cue being at an angle of 
78f° ; stroke, "medium." This is a simple initial masse, the 
cue-bail resting at b. It must be practised constantly to 
secure proper hold on the cue-ball. The backward whirl given 
it by the stroke acts instantly upon its contact with the object- 
ball, because the impelling force is taken from the cue-ball 
and imparted to the object-ball. Strength of stroke must be 
slight,, the weight of cue is almost sufficient. The fingers of 
the bridge-hand, in the instance shown, must rest on the 
rail, with the palm turn, id toward the cue-ball diagonally. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball, -f aft of perpendicular centre, £ forward 
toward the object-ball ; stroke, -J less than " slow ;" the line 
of aim, along dotted line a, from edge of cue-ball just off 
edge of ball 1. The weight of cue, through the gentle motion 
of the wrist, is sufficient to effect the stroke. 

Diagram 3. — The balls here are at a distance from each other. 
Cue-ball |- left, £ forward perpendicular centre ; object-ball, 
"fine ;■" stroke, " slow •" line of aim on dotted line a. 

Diagram 4. — The distance here is further increased. Cue-ball, | 
right, £ forward perpendicular centre; stroke, "medium ;" 
the line of aim along dotted line a, from edge to edge, on ac- 
count of greater strength. 

Diagram 5. — Cue-ball i left, £ forward perpendicular centre ; 
stroke, "medium;" line of aim along line a; object-ball, 
'fine," taking direction of line Z>, and cue-ball cushions at 
point c, effecting carom on ball 2 



PART II. 



PLATE XIII. 
THE TABLE LAID OUT FOR THE SEVERAL GAMES. 

The letters A, B, C, D, and E, on the diagram opposite, show 
the position of the spots on the billiard-table. In placing- them a 
line is drawn down the centre of the bed, from and to the middle 
nails or sights in the head and lower cushions ; another line is then 
drawn from the centre sights in the side cushions, across the table, 
and where the lines intersect the spots are placed. 

The spot at A, being next the head of the table, is, in the Amer- 
ican or four-ball game, the light red spot, and an imaginary line 
(Gr) across the table at this point is the string ; the spot at B is the 
dark red spot ; that at D is the white ball spot. The spot at C is 
the English spot, which is twelve and a half inches from the end or 
lower cushion, and is used in playing the English game, but in 
this country it is generally put about nine inches from the lower 
cushion. 

The spot at D is used in two-ball pool, also, and is placed about 
five inches from the lower cushion. 

E shows the pin-pool spots, that in the centre being numbered 
five ; each of the others should be placed three inches from it, in 
position shown, and measuring from the centre of each spot. 

F shows the position of the balls in playing fifteen-ball pool. 
The balls are placed in a triangular frame so as to insure exact- 
ness — the base of the triangle being parallel with the end or lower 
cushion of the table. The highest number, fifteen, should be 
placed on the deep red spot at B. 

Figures 1 and 2 show the positions of the semicircles or playing 
points for the English and three-ball games. 

In playing the English game, the semicircle is drawn from the 
white ball spot with a radius of ten and one-half to eleven and one- 
half inches. In England the spot is placed two feet four and one- 
half inches from the cushion on the English 6 x 12 table. 

The semicircle for the three-ball game is drawn with a radius of 
six inches on the American table. 

In playing the three-ball game, the spot A is occupied by 
the white ball, and the spot B by the red. The semicircle 1 is 
drawn six inches from A, and from within this limit the cue-ball 
must be delivered in opening the game. 



72 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE XIV. 

THE OPENING STROKE. 

The object of a good player is to keep the balls before him in 

such manner that every stroke when completed shall leave another 

to follow. 

Directions. — The cue-ball is placed about three inches from 
either side of the white spotted ball. In this diagram the 
left side is employed. When the stroke is perfectly made 
the course of the balls and position left, will approximate the 
dotted lines, and at the spots g, h, and d. With the ordinary 
player, perhaps, the success of the carom will alone be suffi- 
cient, regardless of which side the carom-ball is struck by the 
cue-ball. In this diagram at the finish of the stroke the ob- 
ject-balls are in front of the cue-ball for the succeeding stroke, 
whereas the result generally produced from this opening carom 
is to place the cue-ball between the others. When one per- 
fects himself at the opening stroke, which can only be done 
with practice, the direction of the cue and object balls will be 
easily mastered. The strength of stroke must also be care- 
fully considered and studied. 

Cue-ball £ above, £ right, object-ball £ left ; stroke, \ in excess of 
"medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, b, effecting carom at 
point c, about ^ or § on the carom -ball from direction of point 
b. The cue-ball after carom takes the direction of c, d, and 
rests at or near d ; the carom-ball travels to A, there resting, 
and object-ball cushions at e, f, stopping finally at g. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 75 



PLATE XV. 
SIMPLE CAROMS. 

Illustrating tte natural line of departure of tlie cue-ball from the 
object-ball to the carom-ball with different degrees of strength. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball centre, object-ball % right; stroke, "me- 
dium." 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball centre, object-ball £ right; stroke, "me- 
dium." 

Diagram 3. — Cue-ball centre, object-ball £ right; stroke, "ordi- 
nary." Caroming on ball 2. 

Diagram 3. — Cue-ban centre, object-ball f right ; stroke, " hard." 
Caroming on ball 3. 

Particular attention must be given to the different degrees of 
strength of stroke. 

It is necessary to learn these caroms thoroughly, as upon the 
principles involved in them depend, to a great extent, all the strokes 
likely to occur in a game of billiards. 



MODEKN BILLIARDS. 77 



PLATE XVI. 
DRAW AND FOLLOW STROKES. 

Illustrating the results attained by striking cue-hall above or below 
its centre. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball {- below, object-ball |f left ; stroke, " me- 
dium," effecting carom on ball 2. Ball 1 will return to cor- 
ner, gathering with ball 2. A wrist stroke. An easy, direct 
draw. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f below, object-ball | right ; stroke, " me- 
dium," caroming on ball 2, gathering ball 1 in corner with 
ball 2. An easy quarter-spread draw. 

Diagram 3. — Cue-ball -f below, object-ball \% left ; stroke, "ordi- 
nary," effecting carom on ball 2. Long draw stroke, some- 
what difficult. 

Diagram 4. — Cue-ball \ above, \ left, object-ball # right ; stroke, 
"medium." Ball 1 returns from end cushion, and gathers 
with ball 2. i Follow gathering stroke. 

Diagram 5. — Cue-ball \ above, \ left, object-ball % right ; stroke, 
"ordinary," effecting carom on ball 2, ball 1 gathering with 
ball 2 in corner. A follow stroke, driving ball around the 
table. 



78 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

PLATE XVII. 
GATHERING STROKES FROM PLAIN CAROMS. 

Illustrating the first step in gathering balls fm a succeeding stroke. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball ■£• above, % left, object-ball | right ; stroke, 
£ less than "slow," effecting carom on ball 2 at point a. 
This stroke is played as a half follow, in order to gain the 
position, although the carom can be easily effected by playing 
on ball 1, £ right, but this would spread them beyond posi- 
tion for the succeeding stroke. The course and final resting- 
place of the different object-balls are indicated in all the dia- 
grams by the dotted lines and spots, the heavy lines showing 
the oourse of the cue-ball. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball \ above, \ left, object-ball \\ right ; stroke, 
" medium," caroming on ball 2. A follow stroke. To insure 
the cue-ball being held on its proper course, it is struck by the 
cue just enough left of the centre to prevent the opposite 
twist taking effect through carelessness ; for if the cue-ball 
be struck at all to the right of centre, it will not follow the 
line laid out for it. Forearm and wrist notion only required 
in this stroke. 

Diagram 3. — Cue-ball \ below, exact, object-ball $ left; stroke, 
"slow." Spread draw for position. Note in this diagram 
the curved line of the cue-ball as it leaves the object-ball, and 
allow for this curve in calculation. 

Note. — That the balls may be placed exact upon the table according to the 
diagrams, the author suggests that the student follow the plan here given : First 
refer to the diagram desired for practice. If it be the one herewith (No. XVII.). 
in order to place ball 2 of diagram 1, draw the direct right lines a, b from the 
centre of ball 2 to the nearest cushion surface at c, a, jr from the points c, d to 
centre of ball 2. On the point where the lines a, b intersect, place ball 2. In this 
manner the student may place any ball exact in position that may be found in 
either of the plates in this work. To calculate correctly the spot for the placing 
of a ball, note carefully the distance from the nearest diamond sights, at either 
nearest cushion, to the point where each line joins the cushion surface, which 
will be immediately opposite the exact centre of the ball which is to be placed. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 81 



PLATE XVIII. 
EASY COMPOUND ANGLES. 

Illustrating the angular gatliering stroke — Effecting carom from the 
various positions of object-balls 1, 2, 3, and 4, on ball 5, and 
gatliering all in corner near carom-ball. 

From ball 1. — Cue-ball £ above, -^ left, object-ball f left ; stroke, 
"ordinary." The course of the cue-ball is marked by the 
heavy line, that of the object-ball by the dotted line. 

From ball 2. — Cue-ball i above, i left, object-ball -£ left ; stroke, 
"ordinary." 

From ball 3. — Cue-ball I above, i left, object-ball f left ; stroke, 
"ordinary." 

From ball 4.— Cue-ball i above, \ left, object-ball \ left ; stroke, \ 
greater than " medium." 

The natural line of departure from the object-ball, if the cue- 
ball be struck centre at a $ ball as stated, would be on the first 
cushion, to the right of the heavy line indicated, or at spot c ; 
this, of course, would govern the point of contact with the second 
cushion, and result in missing the carom. The use of the twist, 
however, gives it the direction calculated more or less acute than 
natural. 

The twist given the cue-ball is imparted, to some extent, to the 
object-ball in impact, causing it to take the proper angles to gather 
as desired. By some writers and theorists this statement is dis- 
puted, but repeated experiments have shown it to be a fact beyond 
question. 

The caroms illustrated could be effected by striking the cue-ball 
centre, and contacting the object-ball nearer full ; but in order to 
bring this object-ball into position for next stroke, the twist is ap- 
plied, and the natural angle is sacrificed for a, false one, in order to 
control the object-ball. 



82 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE XIX. 
PLAIN AND ONE-CUSHION STROKES. 

Further illustrating the cushion carom and twist stroke, gathering 
the baUs in a corner. 

Diagram 1. — Play on ball 1, cushion at a, carom on ball 2. Cue- 
ball f right, i above, object-ball i right ; stroke, £ in excess 
of " medium." Object-ball cushions at b, c, gathering at d. 

Diagram 2.— Cue-ball f right, -£ below, object-ball £ right ; stroke, 
i in excess of "medium." Cue-ball cushions at h, effecting 
carom on ball 3. Object-ball cushions at e, f, gathering at g. 

Diagram 3. — Cue-ball i above, £ right, object-ball $ left ; stroke, 
" medium." A direct carom, gathering all the balls in the 
corner. 



84,-- MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE XX. 
TWO-CUSHION ROUND-THE-TABLE STROKE. 

In effecting this carom and gathering the balls, cue-ball £ left, 
i above, object-ball £ left; stroke, "ordinary." Cue-ball 
cushions at a t b, effecting a carom on ball 2. Object-ball 
cushions at c, d, e, resting at/, near ball 2. 

There are many strokes resembling this one, where the balls are 
in a somewhat similar position, and where the same cushions are 
useil,' from either side the table. The cue-ball may be in a more 
direct line in its bearing to the object-ball, or it may lie more 
awa| to the left. If the former is the case less twist is required, 
not exceeding £ ; but if the latter, then it is increased, so as to 
perform the angle required. 

In this stroke the value of thoroughly understanding the differ- 
ent; shades of "twist' 1 is appreciated, and if comprehended fully 
there will be no difficulty in executing these strokes from a mere 
glance at the position of the balls. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. §7 



PLATE XXI. 
VARIOUS CAROMS PROM ONE POSITION. 

Illustrating one and two cushion caroms, effected with the cue-ball in 
one position, by delivering the cue at different parts of the cue- 
ball. 

To carom on ball 2. — Cue-ball £ left, £ above, object-ball £ right 

stroke, "medium." 
To carom on ball 3. — Cue-ball £ left, £ above, object-ball £ right 

stroke, \ in excess of " medium." 
To carom on ball 4. — Cue-ball £ left, £ above, object-ball £ right 

stroke, " ordinary ; " effecting carom by reverse " English," the 

cue-ball taking but one cushion and straight line back to ball 4 
To carom on ball 5. — Cue-ball i right, i above, object-ball £ right 

stroke, "medium." 
To carom on ball 6. — Cue-ball £ right, £ above, object-ball f right 

stroke, £ in excess of " medium." 
To carom on ball 7. — Cue-ball ■% right, £ above, object-ball £ right 

stroke, | in excess of " medium." 
To carom on ball 8.— Cue-ball | right, \ below, object-ball f right 

stroke, " ordinary: " 
To carom on ball 9. — Cue-ball £ right, £ below, object-ball f right 

stroke, "ordinary." 



88 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE XXII. 
THE FOLLOW CUSHION — "ENGLISH" OR "TWIST." 

Illustrating caroms that are accomplished through the application of 
excessive '■'•English' 1 '' and "follow" stroke; the execution being 
effective, and from comparative safe position. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball | left, % above, object-ball $ right ; stroke, 
" medium," caroming on ball 2. The object-ball passes be- 
hind ball 2, taking the direction of dotbei line b to c. The 
cue-ball accomplishes the angle from a to ball 2, through the 
excessive twist applied. The natural angle for the cue-ball, 
after meeting cushion at &, is in the direction of d, which it 
would take were the twist not imparted. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f right, -J above, object-ball |f left ; stroke, 
£ in excess of "medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, effecting 
a carom on ball 2. The object-ball takes direction of arrow. 
The player is cautioned to take the cushion at or below a % 
otherwise the carom will not be effected. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 91 



PLATE XXIII. 
CAROM BY CUSHION "ENGLISH" OR "TWIST." 

Illustrating one-cushion caroms with tlie application of strong and 
excessive twist to tlie cue-ball. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball \ right, £ below, object-ball \ left ; stroke, 
" slow." Cue-ball cushions at a, twist carrying- it to ball 2. 
The object-ball taking- direction of dotted line resting at spot 
b. The natural angle from ball 1 to a is represented by dot- 
ted line a to c, but the | " English " imparted to cue-ball ac- 
complishes the angle to ball 2 in excess of the natural. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball £ left, i below, object-ball \ right , stroke, 
"medium," effecting carom on ball 2. The object-ball fol- 
lows d, e, at which latter it stops. The dotted line a to b is 
the natural angle, and the line to c is the real excessive angle 
produced by £ twist given cue-ball. 



92 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE XXIV. 
CAROMS BY ONE-CUSHION ENGLISH. 

Illustrating the natural and false angle carom. 

Cue-ball f left, £ below, object-ball £ right; stroke "medium." 
The object-ball traverses c to e, where it rests. The cue- 
ball, twist excessive, cushions at a and thence along b to ball 
2, where it effects carom. The natural angle is a to d. 

The stroke is very effective and gathers the balls well. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 95 



PLATE XXV. 
ONE-CUSHION REVERSE ENGLISH. 

Cue-ball i above, | right, object-ball \ left ; stroke, £ in excess 
of "medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, and by reverse twist 
effects carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at b, c, resting 
near or at d. 

This stroke is a very effective one and may be played from va- 
rious positions. It requires much attention to master it, and the 
value of the twist and strength must be familiar to the player. 
The skill is in the judgment displayed in estimating quantity of 
twist necessary to effect carom, as the cue-ball am be made to 
come away from the cushion at a on an acute angle nearly parallel 
with the side cushion. 



96 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE XXVI. 
SERIAL ONE-CUSHION STROKES. 

Illustrating serial one-cushion caroms, with the application of either 
"twists." 

To carom on ball 1. — Cue-ball f left, -f below, object-ball f left ; 

stroke, "ordinary." Object-ball cushions at e,f,g, resting 

at h. Cue-ball cushions at «, caroms on ball 1. 
To carom on ball 2. — Cue-ball h left, -£ below, object-ball -§• left ; 

stroke, "ordinary." 
To carom on ball 3. — Cue-ball \ left, \ below, object-ball £ left ; 

stroke, \ in excess of " medium." 
To carom on ball 4. — Cue-ball \ left, \ above, object-ball \ left ; 

stroke, \ in excess of "medium." 
To carom on ball 5. — Cue-ball \ right, object-ball \ left ; stroke, 

\ in excess of " medium." 
To carom on ball 6. — Cue-ball \ right, object-ball \ left ; stroke, \ 

in excess of " medium." 
To carom on ball 7. — Cue-ball f right, f below, object-ball \ left ; 

stroke, \ in excess of " medium." 
To carom on ball 8. — Cue-ball \ right, object-ball | left ; stroke, \ 

in excess of " medium." 
To carom on ball 9.— Cue-ball -f right, i above, object-ball " full;" 

stroke, "ordinary." 

The practice of these single-cushion carom strokes is of vast 
importance, as the positions constantly present themselves during 
play. When the pupil becomes familiar with the "breaks," the 
carom is of easy accomplishment. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 99 



PLATE XXVII. 
SERIAL ONE-CUSHION STROKES. 

Illustrating how a carom may be effected from 'carious more or less 

tf'S. 



From ball 1. — Cue-ball f right, object-ball £ left ; stroke, £ in ex- 
cess of "medium." 

From ball 2. — Cue-ball | right, object-ball ■& left; stroke, "me- 
dium." 

From ball 3. — Cue ball I right, object-ball | right ; stroke, "me- 
dium." 

From ball 4. — Cue-ball | left, £ above, object-ball -£ left ; stroke, 
"ordinary." Cue-ball cushions at c y f, d, e, effecting carom 
on ball 5. The object-ball 4 doubles the length of the table, 
resting at h. Ball 5 is placed the width of a ball from either 
cushion. Ball 4 is placed in this diagram just off the cush- 
ion that the pupil may avoid a kiss on account of ft touching 
the cushion. The carom may be made with ball 4 touching 
the cushion. 



i. .ft. 



100 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE XXVIII. 
SLOWING CUE-BALL, DOUBLING OBJECT-BALL. 

Illustrating a very important' stroke for position play . 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball £ right, •£■ above, object-ball full centre; 
stroke, "ordinary." Object-ball cushions at a, b, e y resting 
at d. Cue-ball cushions at a, effecting carom on ball 2. The 
delivery -J above gives a slow-f ollow motive power to cue-ball, 
while the \ English, delivered on right of cue-ball, causes the 
latter to perform the obtuse angle from the cushion at a to 
the carom-ball. The object ball is placed in line, so that it 
will clear the carom-ball and perform the angles shown by 
dotted lines. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball \ right, object-ball \ right ; stroke, \ in ex- 
cess of "medium," effecting carom on ball 2. Cue-ball cush- 
ions at a, b, c. Object-ball takes direction of the arrow e, the 
carom-ball being hit near full, takes direction of the arrow d. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 103 



PLATE XXIX. 
SLOWING CUE-BALL, DOUBLING OBJECT-BALL 

Illustrating anotlier fundamental stroke, that of doubling tlie object- 
ball with a " slowed " cue-ball. 

Diet gram 1. — To double the object-ball twice across the table by 
playing as full upon it as is possible. Cue-ball f below, \ 
right, object-ball }f left, effecting carom on ball 2. Object- 
ball cushions at a, b, c, d, and joins ball 2 in corner. Cue- 
ball is slowed so it barely effects carom. Stroke, " very 
hard." 

Diagram 2. — Gathering stroke, to double object-ball and effect 
carom. Cue-ball i below, t 6 left, object-ball jf right ; stroke, 
"ordinary." Object-ball cushions at a, b, gathering at c. 
The cue-ball travels very slowly to the carom-ball, speed 
merely sufficient to effect carom. 

These strokes appear in all parts of the table, and the player 
should search for those he has practised, selecting always that 
which will give the best result in position. He who displays the 
best judgment in thus calculating will make the most successful 
player. 



104 MODERN BILLIARDS, 



PLATE XXX., 
SLOWING CUE-BALL DOUBLING OBJECT-BALL. 

Illustrating a stroke that is of difficult accomplishment but very 



Cue-ball £ below, object-ball || left; stroke, "hard." Object- 
ball cushions at a, b, c, d, and rests beyond d. The object- 
ball is struck nearly "dead" full to cross the table, as the 
lines indicate ; the cue-ball is " slowed " through the \ below 
delivery, effecting carom on ball 2. This stroke requires 
much practice, as the compound doubling of the cue-ball is of 
difficult execution when combined with the " slowed " cue- 
ball. 

Care should be used in the placing of the cue-ball for the execu 
tion of the stroke. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 107 



PLATE XXXI. 
COMPOUND ANGLES. 

A series of caroms with the object and cue-ball in same position, illus- 
trating tlie player's control over the cue-ball. 

>To carom on ball 1. — Cue-ball £ above, £ right, object-ball f left ; 
stroke, " medium." The cue-ball is struck £ above, in order 
to keep it from describing too great a curved line that it would 
do if hit ^ above, which latter delivery requires greater pre- 
cision. If hit below £ above, the ball will come away more 
toward the open table. The cue-ball is also hit £ right, that 
it may be kept away from the cushion in its course toward the 
carom-ball ; if struck on left side it would take cushion upon 
nearly every occasion. Put the twist on the side opposite the 
direction the cue-ball will take when it lies at this angle. 

To carom on ball 2. — Cue-ball £ below, -£ right, object-ball £ left ; 
stroke, "ordinary." 

To carom on ball 3. — Cue-ball £ below, -£ left, object-ball nj right ; 
stroke, " ordinary." 

'To carom on ball 4. — Cue-ball £ right, \ below, object-ball £ right ; 
stroke, " ordinary." 

To carom on ball 5. — Cue-ball \ below, \ left, object-ball £ left ; 
stroke, " ordinary." 

To carom on ball 6. — Cue-ball £ above, £ left, object-ball f right ; 
stroke, " medium." 

To carom on ball 7. — Cue-ball f right, object-ball £ right ; stroke, 
"ordinary." 

Again on baU 3. — Cue-ball £ left, object-ball f left , stroke, 

"hard." 



108 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE XXXII. 
COMPOUND ANGLES. 

In the stroke illustrated, a f full delivery of the cue-ball on ob- 
ject-ball 1 is absolutely necessary, with the cue-ball struck exactly 
| left centre. 
Cue-ball f left, object-ball £ left ; stroke, " ordinary." 

If the cue is delivered below the centre of the cue-ball, witkthe 
object-ball 1 touching the cushion, the cue-ball will rebound at an 
acute angle that generally fails to effect the carom. The objective 
point is the cushion at b, which insures the stroke, and if the an- 
gle be always calculated from a point on the second cushion with 
the cue-ball so delivered as to reach that spot, the remainder of the, 
stroke is assured and will take care of itself. That is to say, draw 
the angle required from the object-ball to the first cushion, then 
from that point to the second cushion. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. Ill 



PLATE XXXIII. 
COMPOUND ANGLES. 

Illustrating a peculiar two-cushion stroke with the application of twist 
and draw* 

Cue-ball £ left, -£ below, object-ball \ right ; stroke, " medium. 7 ' 

The purpose in striking- cue-ball f below is to reach cushion at 
a by making no more than -£ on object-ball, driving it to c. The i 
left is given the cue-ball that it may perform the angle a to b, 
which accomplishes the carom. Greater twist would perform a 
more obtuse angle to side cushion, striking at e. 



112 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE XXXIV. 
COMPOUND ANGLES. 

Illustrating a difficult two-cushion carom with application of extreme 
draw and twist. 

Cue-ball -£ below, f right, object-ball % right ; stroke, " ordinary." 

The twist is the principal force exerted in this stroke, though 
aided by the very full play upon the object-ball. A full ball on 
the object-ball is required for two reasons, to throw it into position 
at g, and also to reach the point a with cue-ball, without the ex- 
cessive draw being applied, the twist performing the larger por- 
tion of the work. 

The cue-ball cushions at a, Z>, effecting carom on ball 2, the lat- 
ter resting at or near h. Object-ball cushions at c, d, e, /, resting 
at#. 

The wrist and forearm are required for this stroke. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 115 



PLATE XXXV. 

SLOWED AND TWISTED CUE-BALLS. 

; 

Illustrating compound angles of cue and object balls. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball centre, object-ball }{j- left; stroke, "ordi- 
nary." Cue-bali. being slowed, effects carom on ball 2 ; the 
object-ball cushions at a, b, c, d, resting at e. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f right, object-ball £ left ; stroke, £ in ex- 
cess of " medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, b, effecting carom 
on ball 2 Object-bail cushions at c, resting at d. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. \YJ 



PLATE XXXVI. 
THE " TWICE- AROUND-THE-TABLE " STROKE. 

Illustrating a fine cushion stroke with the balls in a straight line, re- 
sulting in tJie so-called " tidce-around-tlie-table" carom. 

This stroke is played on account of the balls occupying a posi- 
tion directly before each other, insuring a "kiss" should the 
" follow " be attempted. ' 

Cue-ball \ below, £ left, object-ball -fe right; stroke, "hard." 
The £ below prevents cue-ball jumping at instant of delivery. 
Cue-ball cushions at a, b, c, d, e, effecting carom on ball 2. Ob- 
ject-ball crosses the table twice, cushions at /, a, resting at g. 

Bear in mind the twist on the cue-ball aids the player in im- 
parting force after contact with the first cushion ; so whilst great 
speed of cue-hand is necessary, it need not be conveyed by excess 
of muscle or violent action of the body. The object-ball must be 
struck very fine, about yV, so the resistance may .be slight and not 
interfere with the free run of the cue-ball. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. H9 



PLATE XXXVII. 
FURTHER ILLUSTRATION OP THE " TWICE-AROUND " STROKE. 

Balls in a line, that if a " follow " stroke were played a " kiss " 
between object and carom ball would result ; therefore the play as 
directed : 
Cue-ball f right, £ below, object-ball £ left; stroke, "hard." 

Cue-ball cushions at a, b, c, d, e, effecting carom on ball 2. 

Object-ball doubles the table, resting at g. 

The object-ball must be struck but £ in order to carry the cue- 
ball to cushion at a and to give proper direction to the former 
ball. 

The quick movement of the cue insures speed to the cue-ball. 

In order to reach the point a with the cue-ball, which also 
gives direction to ball 1, it is absolutely necessary to strike very 
fine on the latter. 



120 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE XXXVIII. 

Illustrating two extreme strokes, draw and twiqt. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball f left, i below, object-ball, "very fine," - 3 L 2 - 
lef t ; stroke, £ in excess of "medium" Cue-ball cushions 
sharp at a, b, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball moving 
slowly, having been cut exceedingly fine, up table to c. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f left, f below, object-ball - X L § right ; stroke, 
" ordinary." The point of aim on objp"t-ball, ^g right, is to 
prevent cue-ball striking cushion after leaving object-ball. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 123 



PLATE XXXIX. 
" KISS " AND THREE-CUSHION CAROM. 

Illustrating a simple " kiss " and a carom through angles difficult to 
accomplish. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball | above, J right, object-ball || left ; stroke, 
" slow." The balls here are in a direct line. After delivery 
object-ball " kisses " carom-ball, throwing it to point a, where 
the cue-ball has been carried by i right, and carom is ef- 
fected. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f left, % below, object-ball, " fine cut," -fa 
right. Cue-ball cushions at a, b, c, and receiving the exces- 
sive twist describes angles shown, effecting carom on ball 2. 
Object-ball rolls up table to d. 

The carom is difficult ; the cue-ball requires excessive English ; 
ball 1 must be cut exceedingly fine. 



124 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE XL. 
SLOWED CUE-BALL. 

Illustrating a driving stroke with the cue-ball "slowed." 

Cue-ball -£■ below, object-ball f^ left; stroke, "ordinary." Cue 
ball effects carom and rolls to/, carom ball rests at e, and 
object-ball cushions at a, b, c, stopping- at d. The i below 
delivery "slows" the cue-ball, imparting strength merely 
sufficient to drive carom-ball to e for position. 

This is one of the most important strokes known in the game, 
and should be mastered perfectly by the pupil. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 127 



PLATE XLI. 
SLOWED CUE-BALL. 

Illustrating similar caroms from different positions. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball i below, object-ball \§ left ; stroke, £ in 
excess of " medium." Cue-ball caroms slowly on ball 2. Ob- 
ject-ball cushions at <z, resting- at c. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball £ below, object-ball |f left ; stroke, £ in 
excess of "medium." Cue-ball caroms slowly on ball ?, 
Object-ball cushions at b, resting- at c. 

Diagram^. — Cue-ball f below, object-ball |f left; stroke, "ordi- 
nary." Cue-ball caroms by slowed ball. Object-ball cushions 
at d, e } /, A, resting at g. 



128 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE XLII. 
ACUTE DRAW STROKES. 

Illustrating quartering " draw " strokes for position driving object- 
ball around table. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball -f below, i right, object-ball f right ; stroke, 
" ordinary." Cue-ball caroms on ball 2. Object-ball cush- 
ions at a, b, e, and rests in corner near ball 2. Allowance 
must be made for curve of the cue-ball when it leaves the ob- 
ject-ball, and it must be considered in calculating the imag- 
inary line of progress over the cloth of the cue-ball. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f below, i left, object-ball $ left ; stroke, 
" ordinary." Cue-ball describes acute curve on leaving ob- 
ject-ball, and caroms on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at a, b, c, 
gathering in corner near ball 2. Draw for the carom-ball as 
though there was no cushion near by, for it is better to learn 
, to do entirely without this cushion assistance. 



130 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE XLIII. 
EFFECTIVE ONE-CUSHION "DRAWS." 

In illustration of very important one-cushion draw and twist strokes, 
for position, also masse by playing well on outside of object for 
direct draw. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball £ below, £ right, object-ball £ right ; stroke, 

i in excess of " medium." ' 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball i below, £ right, object-ball f right ; stroke, 

-£ in excess of " medium." 
Diagram 3. — Cue-ball -£ below, fright, object-ball f right ; stroke, 

-§- in excess of " medium." 
Diagram 4. — Cue-ball f below, fright, object-ball £ right ; stroke, 

£ in excess of " medium." 

Cue-ball cushions in each instance at points a. Object-ball in 
diagram 1 cushions at b, f, in diagram 2 at c, /, in diagram 3 at d, 
g, in diagram 4 at e, h, all stopping at i, and cue-ball effects carom 
on ball 2. 

Diagram 5. — A masse. Cue-ball -| left, ■£ aft, perpendicular ; ob- 
ject-ball £ right; stroke, "medium." The cue-ball curves, 
letting ball 1 through for position, and caroms on ball 2. This 
is a direct curve masse, the cue-ball in centre of other balls, 
the three being in a line about one inch from rail. Spot on 
cue-ball indicates where it is to be struck by cue, looking down 
upon it. 

The line of aim is the dotted line from a to b. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 133 



PLATE XLIV. 
DRAW WITH REVERSE AND NATURAL ENGLISH. 

Illustrating the cushion-draw with " English" or u twist," driving 
object-ball. Peculiar strokes, one of which requires considerable 
practice, tlie reverse. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball $ below, £ right, object-ball | right ; stroke, 
% greater than " medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, effecting 
carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, d, e,f, resting 
&tg. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f left, f below, object-ball }f right ; stroke, 
£ in excess of "medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, through 
the strong draw delivery of the 'cue and having also the ex- 
cessive reverse twist in it, performs the obtuse angle from a 
to carom-ball. Object-ball cushions at b, c, resting at d, the 
balls here gathering. The delivery of the cue on the cue-ball 
£ below and left is one that requires much practice to per- 
fect. 



134 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE XLV. 
DOUBLING OBJECT-BALL. 

In illustration of important principles for position play, where 
otlier easier metlwds present iliemselves for effecting caroms. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball \ left, \ below, taking cushion first at a, 
then the object-ball, f right, considered from point a on 
cushion ; stroke, \ in excess of " medium." Cue-ball cushions 
again at b, effecting carom on ball 2 which rolls to d. Object- 
ball crosses table, cushions at e, stopping at c. This stroke 
is played with the forearm and wrist. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f- below, £ left, object-ball f left ; stroke, ^ 
in excess of " medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, effecting 
carom on ball 2 which stops at c. Object-ball cushions at b, 
e, and rests at d. The quick wrist movement only is em- 
ployed in this stroke. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 137 



PLATE XLVI. 
SERIAL CAROMS, ALSO TWIST AND " KISS " CUSHION FOLLOW. 

Illustration of a series of caroms effected with cue and object ball in 
one given position, also a peculiar " kiss 11 carom with balls in a 
line. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball f left, \ above, object-ball \% right ; driv- 
ing- it to cushion at a, b, a little beyond which it contacts 
with carom-ball forcing it to point d, where the cue-ball 
meets it and effects carom. Stroke, £ in excess of " slow." 
Cue-ball cushions at c with an excessive spinning twist. 

Diagram 2. — To carom on balls 1 and 2 : cue-ball f right, i be- 
low, object-ball | left ; stroke, | of "slow." Cue-ball cush- 
ions at a, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at 
b, c, resting at d. 

To carom on ball 3. — Cue-ball £ right, % below, object ball \ left ; 
stroke, | less than " slow." Cue-ball cushions at a, and ob- 
ject-ball cushions at b, c, stopping at d. 

To carom on ball 4. — Cue-ball £ left, i below, object-ball \ left ; 
stroke, -£ in excess of " ordinary." 

To carom on ball 5. — Cue-ball £ left, £ below, object-ball | left \ 
stroke, "slow." 

To carom on ball 6. — Cue-ball -£• below, £ left, object-ball £ left ; 
stroke, "ordinary." Cue-ball cushions at a, e, b, g. 

> Again on ball 6. — Cue-ball £ above, i right, object-ball £ right ; 
stroke, "ordinary." Cue-ball cushions at e, effecting carom 
by one cushion on ball 6. 



138 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE XLVIL 
THREE-CUSHION AND CUSHION " KISS " STROKE. 

Illustrating a three-cushion driving stroke, together with a long 
" kiss" carom, both effectively gathering the balls. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball | below, f left, object-ballf right ; stroke, 
£ in excess of "medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, b, c, ef- 
fecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at d, e, resting 
finally at /, near ball 2. This is a stroke that occurs often 
in the course of a game, the position being changed to the 
other side of the table, possibly. Most players are content 
with making the carom simply, and, with that only in view, 
merely " cut fine " the object-ball, whilst, if they would play 
full upon it with twist the stroke would be as surely effected, 
and a fine set-up is left. The secret of the stroke is to throw 
the object-ball at the point d on side cushion at corner, or a.s 
near that as possible ; excessive twist being given the cue- 
ball, the carom is assured. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball \ above, ■£■ left, object-ball £ lef t ; stroke, 
"medium." Cue-ball "kisses" directly on carom-ball, and 
object-ball, springing from the cushion, rolls to a. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 141 



PLATE XLVIII. 
KISS CAROMS. 

Illustrating peculiar " kiss " caroms with balls comparatively safe. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball f right, object-ball full centre ; stroke, 
"slow." The excessive twist upon cue-ball causes the latter 
to curve to the left whilst hitting the object-ball at the line 
of a full ball. The twist of the cue-ball gives a slight oppo- 
site twist to the object-ball, which in its turn communicates 
the motion in a less degree to the carom-ball, causing the lat- 
ter to deflect from its natural course on leaving the cushion 
at a, meeting cue-ball at &, the object-ball being carried to 
one side by the excessive twist of cue-ball and the "kiss" 
from carom-ball. A carom may be effected on left of balls 
by changing the twist force to left side of cue-ball. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball -£ below, f right, object-ball f right ; stroke, 
"medium." The carom can be made on either side of the 
balls by changing slightly the direction. 

Diagram 3. — Cue-ball \ above, object-ball f£ left ; stroke, \ in ex- 
cess of " slow." Object-ball strikes the carom-ball a hair oft 
its centre, taking direction a ; the cue-ball follows, effecting 1 
carom. 

Diagram 4. — Cue-ball \ above, object-ball \\ right ; stroke \ in 
excess of " slow." Carom by double kiss at a. 



MODERN BILLLRRDS. J43 



PLATE XLIX. 
PECULIAR DRIVING STROKES. 

Illustrating difficult metlwds in effecting caroms, resulting in position, 
Jr&m doubling object-ball. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball £ above, £ left, object-ball jf right ; stroke, 
"ordinary." Cue-ball cushions at g, d, e, effecting carom on 
ball 2. Object-ball cushions at a, b, c, resting at /. This is a 
follow-cushion stroke, the cue-ball hugging cushion. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball | right, £ above, object-ball | left ; stroke, 
"ordinary." Cue-ball describes curved line, effecting carom 
on ball 2. Object-ball doubles the table, cushions at a, b, c, 
resting at d. 

Point the cue and object balls to cover the angles of dotted 
lines. Deliver a quick wrist stroke, using care against foul. 



144 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE L. 
KISS CAROMS. 

Illustrating hiss caroms where there is an easy angle of division, and 
another of a "kiss" to cushion, with reverse English, effecting 
neat carom. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball centre, object-ball | left; stroke, "ordi- 
nary." Cue-ball kisses direct onto ball 2. 

Diagram 2. ^Cue-ball i below, £ left, object-ball f right ; stroke, 
-£ in excess of " medium." Cue-ball takes cushion at a, and 
thence to b, where carom-ball meets it, having been forced 
directly down the cushion by kiss from object-ball. The 
balls are in such position here that a fine stroke is impossible, 
and where a masse is exceedingly difficult. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 149 



PLATE LII. 
KISS AND MASSE CAROMS. 

Illustrating some very difficult ' ' kiss " caroms, with balls in com- 
parative safe position. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball f right, £ below, object-ball f left ; stroke, 
^ in excess of " ordinary." Cue-ball cushions at a, b, and c, 
effecting a carom on ball 2. Object-ball is kissed out, resting 
at d. The object-ball, in this stroke, is touching the cushion ; 
the cue-ball is about i-ball below, a right line from, the for- 
mer. The carom is effected by a "kiss " from object-ball to 
opposite cushion at a, b, and, with an excessive twist, the 
cue-ball performs angles shown. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f left, £ above, object-ball f£ right ; stroke, 
"medium." Cue-ball curves, forcing object-ball from the 
cushion, permitting the ball to pass through and meet carom- 
ball at a after the latter has rebounded from cushion at b. 

Diagram 3. — Masse. Cue-ball struck at spot f left, i forward. 
Carom-ball is kissed by object-ball into corner at b, where 
cue-ball meets it. Strength, "slow." 

Diagram 4. — Cue-ball % left, f- above, object-ball " full " ; stroke, 
| in excess of "medium." Cue-ball meets carom-ball at a 
through kiss. 



150 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE LIII. 
DOUBLING CUE AND OBJECT BALLS. 

Illustrating compound angles for gathering the balls well. 

Cue-ball J below, £ left, object-ball f left ; stroke, £ in excess of 
" ordinary." Cue-ball doubles the width of the table, cush- 
ions at a, b, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions 
at c, d, e, resting- at/. 

If the cue-ball is struck above centre it will describe a curved 
line from a to 5, thereby missing the carom, by taking the end 
cushion and passing ball 2. The accuracy of this stroke is in de- 
livering the cue below the centre of the ball which causes the cue- 
ball to take a direct line from each cushion. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 153 



PLATE LIV. 
QUARTER AND DIRECT DRAWS. 

Illustrating very important methods for gathering of balls ; also a 
very neat follow u kiss." 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball \ below, object-ball $ left ; stroke, \ in ex- 
cess of " medium. " Cue-ball effects carom on ball 2. Ob- 
ject-ball cushions at a, b } resting- at c. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f below, object-ball | left ; stroke, £ in ex : 
cess of " medium." Cue-ball effects carom on ball 2. Object- 
ball cushions at d, b, resting at c. 

Diagram 3. — Cue-ball f below, object-ball |§ left ; stroke, £ in 
excess of " medium." Cue-ball effects carom on ball 2. Ob- 
ject-ball cushions at e, f, and rests at c. 

The above are all wrist-strokes, and should be played with a 
careful delivery. 

Diagram 4. — Cue-ball -£ above, object-ball \\ left, the latter strik- 
ing carom -ball |£ right ; stroke, -£ in excess of " slow." 

The object-ball kisses off carom-ball, taking direction of dotted 
line, resting at or near a ; the cue-ball effects the carom. Here 
the carom -ball lies in corner touching two cushions. The three 
balls are in a direct line. 



154 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE LV. 
"FINE-CUT" AND HUG-CUSHION STROKES. 

Illustrating difficult caroms from difficult positions, hugging the 
cushions by cutting ball fine. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball i left, % above, object-ball i left ; stroke, 
"ordinary." Cue-ball cushions at d, a, b, c, effecting carom 
on ball 2. Object-ball takes direction of dotted line. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball £ above, -£ right, object-ball | left ; stroke, 
"ordinary." Cue-ball cushions at d, a, b, c, or possibly the 
player may not be able to hug the cushion beyond one or two 
of points indicated by the letters. Object-ball takes direction 
of dotted lines. The angles in this diagram are more obtuse 
than those in Diagram 1, and the object-ball lies away from 
the end-cushion. 



156 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE LVI. 
A DIFFICULT GATHERING STROKE. 

In illustration of a very effective two-cushion across-table stroke., 
leaving good position. 

Cue-ball f below, i left, object-ball -J left; stroke, "ordinary." 
Cue-ball cushions at a, b, effecting carom on ball 2. Object- 
ball cushions at e, c, resting at d. 

A carom may also be effected from object-ball 1 by direct kiss 
to ball 2. In this stroke : cue-ball i left, £ above, object-ball % 
left ; stroke, -£ in excess of " medium." 



158 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE LVII. 
EFFECTIVE ONE AND TWO CUSHION STROKES. 

Illustrating excellent position play^ and gathering balls by peculiar 
method. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball \ left, -J below, object-ball \ left ; stroke, 
"medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, b, effecting carom on 
ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, crosses table, and rests at e. 
The carom-ball rests at d. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball i below, f left, object-ball £ left ; stroke, | 
in excess of "medium." Cue-ball cushions at «, effecting 
carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at b, resting at c. 

This stroke is very effective in gathering the balls, and may be 
readily played, with care. Similar strokes are played with the 
first object-ball lying well out toward the centre of the table, with 
the cue-ball occupying a similar position in its bearings toward 
the object-ball. The cue-ball leaves the cushion at a sharp and in 
direct line to the carom-ball. 



160 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE LVIII. 
ACUTE DRAWS ALONG CUSHION. 

In illustration of very effective gathering strokes, drawing with 
twist along a cushion. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball f below, i right, object-ball §£ right ; 
stroke, £ in excess of " medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, ef- 
fecting carom on ball 2, the latter resting at/; cue-ball rests 
at e. Object-ball cushions at /, b, c, resting at d. The se- 
cret in this stroke is in getting off the object- ball sharp and 
clear to cushion at a. The cue-ball should travel slowly to 
carom-ball from being struck so nearly full on object-ball. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball \ below, £ right, object-ball I right ; stroke, 
i in excess of " medium." Cue-ball cushions slowly at a, ef- 
fecting carom on ball 2, which rests at/, and the cue-ball at 
g. Object-ball cushions at b, c, d, resting at e. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 163 



PLATE LIX. 
"KISS" CAROM, ALSO ONE AND THREE CUSHION DRAWS. 

Illustrating excellent strokes for position play, through the kiss and 
acute draw. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball \ below, £ left, object-ball | left ; stroke, \ 
in excess of " medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, b, c, effect- 
ing carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at d, e } resting 
at/. 

Diagram 2. — A kiss carom. — Cue-ball -J above, object-ball f \ right ; 
stroke, i less than " slow." Carom-ball cushions at 6, where 
it meets cue-ball, and carom is effected. 

Diagram 3. — Cue-ball ± below, £ left, object-ball £ left ; stroke, 
" ordinary." Cue-ball cushions at a, effecting carom on ball 
2, which rests at b. Object-ball cushions at d, e,f, g } stop- 
ping at c. 



164 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE LX. 
BANK STROKES. 

In illustration of il bank" or cushion first effecting caroms which 
neatly gather the balls. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball £ right, | below, object-ball | right, calcu- 
lated from point a ; stroke, \ in excess of " medium." Cue- 
ball cushions at a, taking object-ball \ full, effecting carom 
on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at b, c, resting at d. This is 
a bank stroke, cue-ball played on cushion first before striking 
any ball. Object-ball is at such a location in corner that the 
stroke shown is the only practicable one. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball | right, i below, object-ball £ left, calcu- 
lated from point a; stroke, i in excess of " medium." Cue- 
ball cushions at a, strikes object-ball -£ full, cushions again at 
b, and effects carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, 
resting at d. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 167 



PLATE LXI. 



"BANK" WITH "TWIST," CUSHION-" MASSE " AND "DRAW"- 

riTT«TTTr»'Nr SMTjrUf'U'Q 



CUSHION STROKES. 



Illustrating caroms from difficult "breaks," which produce excel- 
lent positions. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball f right, \ above, cushion first at a ; object- 
ball | left from a. Cue-ball cushions again at b, effecting 
carom on ball 2 ; stroke, " medium." This stroke combines 
a very heavy twist with follow tendency, and, in order that 
the two forces may be effective, the object-ball must be struck 
exactly i left, as calculated from point a. 

Diagram 2. — A masse. Cue-ball $ left of perpendicular centre, ■& 
forward in direction of object-ball, object-ball -fe right. Line 
of sight being along dotted line b to a. Cue-ball cushions at 
a, effecting carom on ball 2 by a treble curved line. 

Diagram 3. — Cue-ball f below, £ right, object-ball full ; stroke, 
" ordinary." Cue-ball cushions at a, effecting carom on ball 
2. Object-ball cushions at b, c, d, resting at e. 



168 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE LXII. 
INTRICATE CAROM. 

Illustrating a stroke which appears at first sight to be a " bank," 
but, from position of balls, a cushion hit before a ball will fait 
to effect carom. 

Cue-ball f right, £ below, object-ball £ left; stroke, "medium." 
As the object-ball lies from the cushion-^-a space i of a ball, 
less than the width of a 2f ball — it is impossible for the cue- 
ball to pass behind it, as it would have to do in order to con- 
tact with the cushion first ; as it is, the contact with cushion 
and object-ball is at the same instant. The cue-ball really 
takes two cushions, but it is so instantaneous as to be imper- 
ceptible. 



MODERN BILLI4KDS. 171 



PLATE LXIII. 
ACUTE AND " SPREAD "-DRAW 

Illustrating effective gathering strokes from a "widespread" and 
direct draw. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball •§• below, object-ball | left ; stroke, \ in ex- 
cess of "medium." Cue-ball effects carom on ball 2. Ob- 
ject-ball cushions at a, &, resting at c. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball $ below, object-ball §| right ; stroke, "or- 
dinary." Cue-ball, by an acute draw, effects carom on ball 
2. Object-ball cushions at d, g, e, resting at/. 

Positions similar to Diagram 1 frequently occur during play, 
consequently the pupil should know the gathering angle to cush- 
ions a, b, for any object-ball which may rest at any part of the 
table within space between the spot at h and side cushion at ball 1 ; 
the cue-ball at all times played from behind the object-ball as 
shown. 



172 MODERN BILLIARDS- 



PLATE LXIIIA. 
SLOW "FOLLOW" CUSHION "TWIST" AND DRAW TWIST. 

Illustrating the u slowed follow " while " driving " the object-ball 
around table; also an acute draw two-cushion stroke. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball •§ below, $■ right, object-ball | right ; stroke, 
£ in excess of " medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, b, effecting 
carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, d, e, resting at /. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball % left, | above, object-ball "full ;" stroke, 
i in excess of "ordinary." Cue-ball cushions at «, effects 
carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at a, &, c, d, resting at e. 

The cue-ball performs a slow twisting "follow," the object-ball 
running with speed. The "slowed" follow ball is executed 
through the delivery £ above, which imparts slight rotating power 
in the ball. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 175 



PLATE LXIV. 
A FOLLOW WITH EXCESSIVE ENGLISH. 

Illustrating a one-cushion "follow twist" doubling the object-ball. 

Cue-ball -£ left, i above, object-ball "full centre ;" stroke, "or- 
dinary." Cue-ball cushions at a, with excessive f twist, ef- 
fecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at a, b, c, 
resting at d. 

The player may find trouble in striking the object-ball dead full, 
where he delivers the cue f left. A little practice will overcome 
all difficulty. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 177 



PLATE LXV. 
EFFECTIVE GATHERING STROKES. 

Illustrating caroms accomplished with excessive " draw, reverse, 
twists, and cushion," driving the object-ball to position. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball £ left, f below, object-ball full ; stroke, \ 
in excess of " medium." Cue-ball cushions ate through draw 
and twist delivery, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball 
cushions at a, 6, finally resting at c. An effective gathering 
stroke. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball % below, $ left, object-ball •£ left ; stroke, 
"ordinary." Cue-ball cushions at a, effects carom on ball 2 
and rolls to i. Object-ball cushions at b, c, d, f y resting at g. 
Carom-ball cushions at e, crosses table, and stops at h. 

The space between balls 1 and 2 is nearly the distance which 
separates the diamond sights. 



178 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE LXVI. 
" BANK "-STROKE CAROMS. 

Illustrating two methods of effecting the same carom, like principles 
governing both strokes. 

First. — Cue-ball £ below, $ left ; cushions at a, d, strikes object- 
ball at /, i right, calculating from point d; cue-ball then 
cushions again at g, h, i, effecting carom on ball 2. Object- 
ball takes direction of arrow. Stroke, " hard." 

Second. — Cue-ball i below, \ left ; cushions at b, c, hits object- 
ball at e, $ left, sighting from cushion at c ; cushions then at 
,;, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball is driven around ta- 
ble, cushions at n, o, p, resting at I. Stroke, " hard." 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 181 



PLATE LXVII. 
FOUR-CUSHION AND " BANK "-STROKE CAROMS. 

Illustrating caroms which gatlier the balls from difficult positions. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball \ below, \ right, object-ball \ right, sight- 
ing from cushion at a. Cue-ball cushions at «, b, effecting 
carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, tf, resting at e. 
Stroke, "ordinary." The object-ball (1) lies near and cush- 
ions so that cue-ball has not room to go around table and 
gather balls after carom, therefore the bank stroke is em- 
ployed. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball | right, £ below, object-ball £ left ; stroke, 
\ in excess of "medium." Object-ball is width of a ball 
from the cushion. Cue-ball cushions at a, b, c, d, effecting 
carom on ball 2. 

Object-ball cushions at e,f, resting at g. Ball 1 must be so 
placed that tne cushion at a can be reached by cue-ball. 



182 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE LXVIII. 
REVERSE ENGLISH. 

Illustrating application of reverse twist when the object-ball lies in 
difficult position for gathering. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball f right, i above, object-ball £ left ; stroke, 
£ in excess of "medium." Cue-ball cushions at &, effecting 
carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at b, c, resting at d. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f- left, £ below, object-ball £ left ; stroke, -£ 
in excess of "medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, b, effecting 
carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, d, e, resting at/. 

Caroms could be effected by cutting object-ball fine on right, 
but gathering position for next stroke would then be sacrificed. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 185 



PLATE LXIX. 
"KISS" AND "FINE" CUSHION CAROMS. 

Illustrating caroms from comparatively safe positions. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball f right, i below, object-ball^ right ; stroke, 
£ in excess of "slow." Cue-ball cushions at a, b, effecting 
carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, resting at or 
near d. 

To carom on ball 3. — Cue ball i right, $ below, object-ball i 
right; stroke, "medium." 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f left, £ below, object-ball £ left ; stroke, £ 
in excess of "medium." Cue-ball kisses from object-ball, 
takes cushion at a, then, by f twist, runs to ball 2, effecting 
carom. The object-ball lies in corner touching both cushions. 
When the point a is reached the stroke is assured, if the $ 
" twist " has been applied to cue-ball. 

To carom on ball 3. — Cue-ball f left, i below, object-ball 
" full " ; stroke, £ in excess of " medium." Cue-ball cushions 
at b. Similar in principle to preceding stroke. 



186 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE LXX. 
A "FINE-CUT" ball and effective one-cushion gathering 

STROKES. 



a seeming impossible '■'■fine-cut' 1 '' stroke, effecting carom 
at extreme 'points, with application of eitlier "twist" ; also ex- 
cellent one-cushion position strokes. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball \ below, \ left ; object-ball \ left ; stroke, \ 
in excess of "medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, effecting 
carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, resting at e. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball i below, i left, object-ball i left ; stroke, | 
in excess of "medium." Cue-ball cushions at b, effecting 
carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at d, resting at/. 

Diagram 3. — Cue-ball f below, f- right, object-ball extremely fine, 
3 L 2 - left ; stroke, "hard." Cue-ball cushions at a, describes a 
curve, and effects carom on ball 2 in corner. The strong 
right twist given cue-ball counteracts opposite twist given by 
contact with cushion, whilst the draw or retrograde force im- 
parts a tendency to return in direction from the impelling 
force, this producing the curved line of progress. 

To carom on ball 3. — Cue-ball % left, £ below, object-ball -, 1 6 - 
left ; stroke, " ordinary." 

To carom on ball 4. — Cue-ball i left, i below, object-ball i 
left; stroke, "ordinary." 



188 MODERN BILLIAKDS. 



PLATE LXXI. 
BE VERSE ENGLISH CAROMS. 

In illustration of caroms through tlie application of the "reverse 
twisty'''' performing curious angles thereby and gatliering the balls. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball f below, f right, object-ball i right ; stroke, 
"ordinary." Cue-ball cushions at &, from which it performs 
curved line in effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions 
at c, d, a, resting at e. The carom-ball crosses table, cush- 
ions at g, resting at/. An acute wrist delivery is necessary 
in order to impart extreme " draw-and- twist " to the cue-ball. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f left, | above, object-ball £ left ; stroke, 
"ordinary." Cue-ball takes cushion at a, b, effecting carom 
by reverse twist, on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, d, rest- 
ing at e. 

This stroke is played to gather the object-ball at ball 2. If the 
cue-ball is played around the table, imparting opposite twist, tak- 
ing cushions a, b, d, the object-ball will be " lost." 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 191 



PLATE LXXII. 
ONE-CUSHION AND KISS STROKES. 

Illustrating a carom by " kiss," gathering the balls, also carom from 
same position from one cushion. 

Cue-ball £■ below, | left, object-ball -J- left ; stroke, \ in excess of 
"medium." Cue-ball "kisses" directly to ball 2. Object- 
ball is struck \ left, driving it to cushion a, b, resting at c. 
Carom-ball takes direction d, after carom has been effected, 
The object-ball must be hit with exactness to get it away 
from the cushion to the points a, b, c. 

Again, cue-ball % left, i above, object-ball \ left ; stroke, \ in ex- 
cess of medium. Cue-ball cushions at e, effecting carom on 
ball 2. Object-ball takes direction approximating dotted 
line. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 193 



PLATE LXXIII. 
CLOSE DRAW. 

Illustrating a fair stroke where tlie balls are near a "freeze" effect- 
ing a " draio " and " English" tlie cue-ball performing a concave 
curve on its course to cushion. 

Cue-ball | below, $• right, object-ball f left ; stroke, " hard." Cue- 
ball describes curve, cushions at a, b, c, effecting carom on 
ball 2, which rests at h, with cue-ball at i. Object-ball doubles 
the width of table, cushions at d, e, f resting at g. 

The carom could be made with a masse, but position would be 
sacrificed. The close draw is played in order to gather the balls. 

The stroke is an acute wrist and arm delivery, and should be 
given with confidence. 



194 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE LXXIV. 
TWIST AND DRAW STROKES. 

Illustrating excessive twist and draw when the cue-lolls rest on the 
cushion. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball f below, f right, object-ball \% left ; stroke, 
£ in excess of ' medium." Object-ball cushions at a f return- 
ing to b. Cue-ball, by excessive draw and twist, caroms on 
ball 2. 

The object in imparting excessive twist to cue-ball is to avoid 
cushion in recoil. The object-ball is struck slightly to the left, 
and the twist overcoming the outward tendency this would natur- 
ally give to the cue-ball, brings it back to a straight line. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball f right, £ above, object-ball | left ; stroke, 
"medium." Object-ball cushions at c, resting at d. Cue- 
ball cushions at e, effects carom on ball 2. 

In practising this stroke, the object-ball must be set about the 
distance of £ ball from the cushion. 

If the ball be so set that it be hit too full it will throw the cue- 
ball toward the corner at a ; again, if it be struck too fine the cue- 
ball will be thrown to the left of ball 2. 



196 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PLATE LXXV. 
THE KISS AND TWIST STROKE. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball i above, J left, object-ball 1 right ; stroke, 
-£ in excess of " medium." Cue-ball by kiss effects carom on 
ball 2. To reach the carom-ball in this stroke it is absolutely 
necessary that the object-ball be struck f right, more or less 
will bring the cue-ball short of or beyond the corner at ball 2. 

Diagram 2. — Cue-ball \ below, & left, object-ball | right ; stroke, 
" ordinary." Cue-ball by kiss cushions at a, b, effecting carom 
on ball 2. 

This latter diagram shows a comparatively difficult position 
from which to effect a carom. The excessive twist completes the 
stroke. The proper direction of aim must be first determined — in 
this diagram it is to point a on end cushion. The player is asked 
to observe the angle of cue from the cue-ball to the cushion. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 199 



PLATE LXXVI. 
CLOSE DRAW AND FOLLOW MASSE. 

Illustrating two of the most difficult of these two strokes — draw and 
masse. 

Diagram 1. — Cue-ball i below, $ right, object-ball $ left ; stroke, 
£ in excess of "medium." Cue-ball cushions at a, effecting 
carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at b, resting at c. 

This stroke is one-half draw with excessive twist, the latter 
actually effecting the carom. 

Diagram 2. — Masse follow. — Cue-ball ^ forward, \ left; object- 
ball \% right ; stroke, | in excess of "medium." Elevation 
of cue 78f°. 

Cue-ball describes curve, and effects carom on ball 2. As the 
balls lie in this diagram an ordinary plain masse is impossible, as 
the player will not be able to reach the cue-ball from either side 
the table, therefore the follow masse is resorted to. Through 
force of the masse, the cue-ball curves out as shown, but returns 
to proper line, governed by the excessive twist and masse. 



CONDUCTING TOURNAMENTS. 



Finding the Number of Games. — The first thing to 
know is the number of games imposed by differing numbers 
of entries. There are several ways of working this out. The 
quickest and simplest is a mental one. If the number of 
entries is even, say 10, multiply the second highest term (9) 
by one-half the highest — 9x5=45. If odd, as 7, multiply 
that figure by one-half the next highest — 7x3=21 games. 
But, if a pencil is handy, a quick enough way is to multiply 
the highest term, whether odd or even, by the next highest, 
and then divide the product by 2, which will show 253 games 
if there are 23 entries — 23x22 506, halved. These are 
regular games. No amount of figuring can forecast ties. 

Tie Games. — When competition is for a championship, 
any tie for it must be played off. Ties for other prizes may 
or may not be, as circumstances dictate. 

Tie Games Separate.. — Save when they involve a cham- 
pionship, tie games are no part of the tournament proper, 
which ordinarily ends when all the contestants have either 
played or forfeited an equal number of games. Yet, while 
tie games for else than the championship will not serve to 
determine other than special wagers, they are, nevertheless, 
records in themselves, although without being a part of the 
tournament. 

Forfeitures. — In a tournament, every game begins with 
200 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 201 

the first one, in the sense of binding every player who has not 
previously been declared out. It has always been an un- 
written law of billiards that a withdrawer, instead of cancel- 
ing his games already played, forfeits those he has yet to 
play. The former procedure penalizes the faultless for 
another's fault. It is also open to the objection that, in 
order to deprive one winner of his record for high average or 
high run, the loser of the game in which either was made may 
be induced to withdraw. Injustice is possible even without 
collusion. Within two years, cancellation has deprived one 
continuing player of his highest average, and another of the 
highest average of all. 

For amateur tournaments, a few Western roomkeepers 
have a rule of their own, which cancels if the withdrawer has 
not played more than half his games, and forfeits if he has. 

Guarding Against Forfeiture or Other Failure. — 
Until a scheduled game is started, the players of the next one 
in order should be on hand. 

The Sanctity of Schedule. — A schedule once made out 
by due authority should be adhered to, instead of being 
changed to suit some individual caprice. 

Opening Game. — Never let it be between the supposed 
best two players. For some special reason, one such may be 
utilized, but not two without inviting the almost certain 
penalty of a loss of public interest as the games draw near 
their close. 

Rush the Losers. — As far as practicable, play losers first 
in preference to winners. If they are good losers, they will 
not object. In no other way can the anti-climax be pre- 
vented of having one or more games to play after the main 
prize has been won, or of requiring the leader to play when 
there is nothing for him to win. 



202 MODEKN BILLIARDS. 

Handicapping. — This, so often necessary, calls for a nice 
knowledge of the contestants. Fixed rules are impossible. 
That one man has a chance to sit long and think while the 
other plays, and perhaps not always plays with as much 
ability* as effect, makes billiards pre-eminently the tempera- 
mental game. There must, therefore, be much guessing in 
the name of handicapping. Not a few conductors of tourna- 
ments shirk their office by happily inveigling their players 
into handicapping themselves. 

One thing is to be cautioned against. As a rule, if the 
light-weighted, with their imposts, about fairly balance the 
middleweights, they are apt to prove too heavy for the 
heavyweights. To illustrate, A can give B 30 in 100, B give 
C 30, C give D 20, and D give E 20. A in practice can pos- 
sibly give C the 60 required by theory, but he can little better 
give D 80 than he can, as theory requires, give E 100 in 100! 
Again, if there are many entries, those with a light impost 
possess a decided advantage in having so much more to learn 
than the others. The oftener they play, the relatively 
better. 

If A can give B 12 in 100, B give C 15, and C give D 23, then 
A should give C 25 and D 44, and B give D 35. It is all 
merely a question of multiplication, division, addition and 
subtraction, without being simple enough to look easy in 
print. 

The process multiplies together the odds A gives B and B 
gives C, as 12x15= 180, which is to be divided by the number 
of points (100) constituting game. The quotient, which is 
nearer 2 points than 1, is to be reckoned as 2, and deducted 
from the 15 B gives C, leaving 13, which, added to the 12 
given B by A, makes 25 to be given by A to C. By a similar 
process — multiplying together the 15 given by B to C and 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



203 



the 23 given by C to D (15x23=345), dividing by 100 and 
subtracting the 3 from the 38 (15 added to 23) — 35 are what 
B should give D. What A s to give D is ascertained by 
multiplying together the 15 (less 2) and the 23 (13x23=389), 
which, divided by 100, shows that 4 are to be deducted 
from the added 13 and 23, leaving 32, which, added to the 
12 A gives B, makes 44 to be given by A to D. 

Scoring Tournaments. — Owing to a faulty system of 
keeping track of games played, not a few conductors of tourna- 
ments are temporarily at a loss to determine with whom 
some contestants have yet to play. This formulary covers 
everything : 





Jones. 


Smith. 


Brown. 


Gray. 


Jones, 250 


D. 


205 

6.25-30 

42 


250 

11.19-21 

38 




Smith, 220 


220 

7.10-30 

37 


D. 


220 
9.13-23 

41 




Brown, 190 


175 

8.15-20 

29 


170 

7.9-23 

31 


D. 


190 

5.5-37 

41 


Gray, 180 






170 

4.22-37 

23 


D. 




I 


11 


I 










X 




XX 


X 






Total Points 







































































Average of Tournament, 



204: MODERN BILLIARDS. 

Figures next to names stand for handicap, if any. 

Figures standing alone in squares are for total first, average next, and 
highest run last. 

Winning and losing averages are both given, and in common fractions, 
with the double purpose of showing which player led (in case of later dis- 
pute), and of facilitating the making-up of general and tournament aver- 
ages when play is done. 

When a game is over, add an I to Games Won and an X to Games Lost. 

When tournament is finished add up totals, as well as innings (last 
figures of those in middle line of squares), and compute single, general and 
tournament averages decimally. 

To find out who has yet to play, look for blank spaces exclusive of those 
running obliquely and marked D. (for Jones of horizontal column doubling 
with Jones of vertical). In the table are four blanks, meaning two games 
to play — Gray with Jones and Smith. 

To find out how many games have been played, add I's and X's together, 
and divide by 2. 

When I's and X's differ in their totals, there has been an error in tallying 
games either won or lost. 

Scoring for the Press. — Care should be taken to begin 
with the score of him who plays first. His winning then will 
mean that the innings were unequal, while putting the win- 
ner's score second will indicate equal innings. Disregard of 
this rule, prevalent of late years, forces whoever would verify 
the average to count up the innings in each score. 

HOW TO FIGURE AVERAGES. 

Decimals are Best. — Divide total points by total in- 
nings. Thus, 300 points in 28 innings show 10.20-28 in crude 
fractions, 10 and 5-7ths in the lowest evenly reduced ones, 
and 10.71 (71-100ths) decimally. The first system seldom 
gives an accurate idea at sight. In the second, the fractions 
cannot always be reduced evenly, as above. Ordinarily, the 
third is closest, briefest and clearest. 

Avoid a Jumble. — Some computers mix themselves and 
others up by using all three methods. Others, as a con- 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 205 

venience, express the single average as 10.20-28, and the 
general average not as 8.170-175, to be consistent, but as 
8.97. This is akin to the barbarism of speaking in two lan- 
guages at once. There are others who, simply because it is so 
divisible, convert the 8.170-175 into 8.34-35, so that anybody 
seeking to prove the average by finding the points and 
innings will have rare figuring as a preliminary. 

Decimalizing. — This is simply adding a cipher to the right- 
hand end of every remainder after the dividend has no unused 
figure left. Adding a cipher to the 20 in 10.20-28 yields 7 and 
4 over when divided by 28, and now adding a cipher to the 4 
will result altogether in 10.71, with 12 over. 

Pay no attention to this remainder unless, if a general 
average, 10.71 seems to be a tie with some other general 
average. Such a tie will rarely happen. Should it, add a 
cipher to the 12, and dividing the 120 by 28 will result in 
1 0. 7 1 4 ( 1 OOOths now, instead of 1 OOths) , with 8 over. If there 
is still a tie, proceed as before, first making 80 of the 8. 

Give and Take. — Had the 10.7rs remainder been 14 or 
more, instead of 12, which is less than one-half the innings, 
the average would change to 10.72. The arbitrary rule is to 
ignore the final remainder when it is less than half the innings, 
but enlarge it and give it to the player when it is half or more. 

Reconversion.— If for any reason it be necessary to find 
the number of innings, add ciphers (two will usually be 
enough in billiards) to the points, and divide by the decimal- 
ized average. Thus 1071)30000(28 innings, with 12 over. 
To find the points on which a general average is based, 
innings (50) and average (16) being known, multiply the one 
by the other— 16x50=800. 

General Average. — A match of continuous points has 
but one average, whether it be played in one session or half a 



206 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

dozen; but it is different both in a tournament and in a match 
of several separate games, a majority to win. 

In computing the general average, avoid the easy error of 
adding all a player's game-averages together, and dividing 
the product by the number of games. There is only one 
condition in which this will show the true average, and that 
is when all the games have innings separately equal in 
number, howsoever much the points themselves may vary. 

Illustration of false and true : 



Inn. 


Points. 


Game Average, 


15 


600 


40 


30 


600 


20 


30 


600 


20 


7 


600 


85.71 



82 82)2400(29.29 4)165.71(41.43 

The average found by dividing by the number of games is 
grossly extravagant. 

Losing Averages. — Properly, the loser's average can 
never be higher than the winner's. To concede that it can is 
to premiumize its maker's inefficiency. Setting out to win 
the opening shot, he had failed, which is the only way, with 
fewer points, to make the seemingly higher average. It is 
equally unfair, in a continuous game of several sessions, to 
concede an average for a fraction of the game. By getting 
far behind, one player is without limit on any night, while the 
other is stopped every night by reaching the number of joints 
assigned to every leader. 

Except as personal compliments, losing averages are value- 
less. Their apparent makers do not wholly make them. 
Much depends upon the other man. The loser reaches a high 
figure largely because, having aimed to cover a given number 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 207 

of points, he failed to do so. It has often happened that a 
player with 50 to go has needed as many innings to make them 
as he had taken to make his other 250. As a rule, losers "let 
down" near the finish more than winners, and hence their 
average is dependent less upon themselves than upon those 
who close the game. 



BILLIARD RECORD: 

A Compendium of the Moke Important Public 

Contests, Match and Tournament, at 

Both Caroms and Pool. 

Compiled from the Most Authentic Sources by 

the Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co. 

FOUR-BALL GAME 

SJp to 1863, all play not otherwise described was at unrestricted caroms, 
2| balls, on a 6x12 ft. six-pocket table; from 1863 to 1869, on a 
6x12 four-pocket, with the various restrictions mentioned; from 1869 to 
1873, chiefly .on a 5^x11 four-pocket, under a new system of counting; and 
from 1873 to 1876, almost altogether on a 5x10 carom table.] 

Abbreviations. — P., 2000 — 12.20 — 129; S., 1904 — 157, indicates win- 
ner's total, average, and best run, always in that order, together with loser's 
total and high run, without his average, which has never been a record; W., 
games won in tournament; R., highest run; Av., best winning average; G. 
A. t general (or grand) average; p. b., push-shot barred; c. b., crotching 
barred (carom table); j. b., jaw barred (pocket table). 



1854. 

First Contest in a Public Hall. May 13th, Malcolm Hall, Syracuse, 
N. Y. — Caroms with unrestricted hazards (pocketings), stake un- 
known. Joseph N. White, 500; Geo. Smith, 484. 

This was not technically a public contest, admission having been by 
invitation only. Mixed caroms and hazards were last played profes- 
sionally on a six-pocket table by two lads in a hotel billiard-room 
on Third Avenue, N. Y. City, in 1865, for a stake of $50 a side. The 
winner is living, but has long been out of billiards. Maurice Daly, 
then sixteen, was loser. 



1858. 
First Match with an " Average " without Guessing. N. Y. City, 
April 24th, $250 a side. — Totals, winning average and best runs: 
John Seereiter, 1000—6.94—53; Bernard Crystal, 830—68. This 

208 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



209 



was a billiard-room or private match, and it is given here only 
because it was the first in which score was kept in figures from begin- 
ning to end. 



1859. 

First Technically Public Contest. Fireman's Hall, Detroit, Mich., 
April 10th.— $250 a side. Dudley Kavanagh, New York, 1000— 
8.47—177; Michael Foley, Detroit, 989—87. This match was the 
first to which an admission fee was charged. 



Michael Phelan (New York) vs. John Seereiter (Detroit). Same 
hall, April 11th, $5,000 a side, on table taken from Seereiter's room 
(used night before by K. and F.), but having a new cloth. P., 2000 — 
12.20—129; S., 1904—157. 

Admission was five dollars, but this charge was rather to keep the 
wrong persons out than to profit from letting the right ones in. 
Phelan was outnursed, but he outbetted the Detroiters, and both 
outgeneraled and generally outbatted their representative. 



I860. 

First Professional Tournament. Phelan & Collender's Union 
Square Billiard Rooms (upper floor), N. Y. City, October 26-31st. — 
Invitation or private tournament on a 6x12 carom table for two 
souvenir cues, one given by Claudius Berger, of France. In the table 
below, a " Lost " column is specially inserted because of a shortage 
of games, that between Lynch and Geary (the latter substituting for 
Christian Bird, of Philadelphia) being neither played nor forfeited. 
All games were 500 up but the final and deciding one (Kavanagh, 
1000—29.41—144; Tieman, 746—156). 



Dudley Kavanagh, N. Y. . 
Philip Tieman, Cincinnati. 

James Lynch, N. Y 

Joseph N. White, N. Y. . . . 
Michael Geary, Chicago . . . 





w. 


L. 


R. 


Av. 


G. Av. 




. 4 





144 


29 


41 


20.49 




. 3 


1 


185 


21 


74 


18.41 




. 1 


2 


162 


18 


52 


18.37 




1 


3 


94 


12 


20 


10.55 







3 


65 






9.04 













1861. 

First Public Match Between Western Players. Wood's Theatre, 
Cincinnati, November 21st. — Philip Tieman vs. John Deery, both of 
Cincinnati; $500 a side. T., 1000—12.25—106; D., 683—54. 



210 MODEBN BILLIARDS. 



1862. 

First Public Home-and-home Match. Cleveland, O., March 6th. 
— First of two games, each $500 a side. Dudley Kavanagh, N. Y., 
1500—13.39—118; Michael Foley, then of Cleveland, 1065—102. 
Return: Irving Hall, N. Y. City, April 3d, F., 1500—9.43—99; K., 
1466—108. 

Push and Masse Barred. Half-way game, Kremlin Hall, Buffalo, 
N. Y., November 6th. — Also for $500 a side, but barring both push- 
shot and masse. K., 1500—10—86; F., 1296—90. 

This was the first public match from which the push-shot was 
excluded. No other has ever barred the masse. 



M. Foley vs. Deery. Irving Hall, N. Y. City, April 4th. — $250 a 
side. F., 1000— 11 .24— 66 ; D., 502—45. Same night, a private match 
was begun for same amount, but in 100-point games, Deery winning 
the odd (11 to 10). The two matches lasted from 8 p.m. to 8 a.m. 



Wm. Goldthwait vs. Deery. Alston Hall, Boston, June 25th. — 
$250 a side. G., 1500—9.87—99 ; D., 1270—79. 



First Barring of Crotch in Public. Tucker's Academy, San Fran- 
cisco, August 2d. — Championship of California and $100, carom table, 
c. b. — i.e., crotching limited to three successive shots within an imag- 
inary line. Daniel Lynch, 1000 — 971 — 104; Joseph W. Little, 852 
— run not known. 



1863. 

Kavanagh vs. Goldthwait. — Irving Hall, N. Y. City., April 23d. — 
$500 a side. K., 1500—14.42—125; G., 1282—130. 



First Public Tournament, First Formal Professional Champion- 
ship Anywhere, and First Four-pocket Table. Irving Hall, N. Y. 
City, June l-9th. — First prize, emblematic cue and a $750 Phelan & 
Collender billiard-table; second, $250. Instead of the usual 6x12 
six-pocket, a 6x12 four-pocket was used for first time in public. The 
highest run was made by "jawing," also for first time in public. 
Tieing in both high run and high winning average, done by Kavanagh 



MODERN BILLIAEDS. 211 

and Tieman, has yet to be paralleled in a public tournament. Aver- 
age of this one (seven games apiece), 12.19. Points and money 
stake in all succeeding matches, 1500 and $500 a side. 

W. R. Av. G.A. 

D. Kavanagh, N. Y 6 203 33.33 15.18 

Louis Fox, Rochester 5 141 23.81 14.45 

John Deery, N. Y 4 313 16.13 11.41 

Phil. Tieman, Cincinnati 3 203 33.33 14.48 

John Seereiter, Detroit 3 114 13.16 10.22 

M. Foley, Detroit 3 102 16.67 12.48 

Wm. Goldthwait, N. Y 3 185 17.24 11.46 

Victor Estephe, Philadelphia 1 86 8.31 9.19 

KAVANAGH VS. SEEREITER. First match, same hall, 
October 15th.— K., 1500—16.85—151; S., 715—57. 

KAVANAGH VS. TIEMAN. Same hall, April 7, 1864.— K., 
1500—12.29—152; T., 1265—93. 

KAVANAGH VS. GOLDTHWAIT. Hippotheatron, N. Y. 
City, June 9, 1864.— K., 1500—17.44—154; G., 1425—117. 

KAVANAGH VS. TIEMAN. Same hall, September 15, 1864.— 
K., 1500—14.56—147; T., 927—139. 

KAVANAGH VS. GOLDTHWAIT. Academy of Music, N. Y. 
City, January 20, 1865.— K., 1500—15.63—158; G., 1406—113. 

KAVANAGH VS. FOX. May 16, 1865.— K., ill, forfeited. 

FOX VS. DEERY. Washington Hall, Rochester, N. Y., Sep- 
tember 7, 1865.— D., 1500—16.67—166; F., 1465—276. 

DEERY VS. PIERRE CARME. January 7, 1866.— C. paid 
forfeit. 

DEERY VS. JOHN McDEVITT. Cooper Institute, N. Y. City, 
March 13, 1866.— D., 1500—10.79—119; McD., 1145—95. 

DEERY VS. JOSEPH DION, of Montreal. Same hall, May 23, 
1866.— Dion, 1500—10.42—92; Deery, 1366—144. 

DION VS. McDEVITT. Mechanics' Hall, Montreal, October 5, 
1866.— D., 1500—25.86—258; McD., 1276—308. 

DION VS. McDEVITT. Same hall, June 10, 1867.— D., 1500— 
19.73—616; McD., 816—220. Run of 616 was the first case of 
" jawing " in a match contest for any championship. It led at once 
to the abolition of " jawing " in this series. 

DION VS. EDMUND H. NELMS, Philadelphia. Same hall, 
September 15, 1867, "jawing" then and thenceforth barred. N. paid 
forfeit. 

DION VS. McDEVITT. Same hall, December 11, 1867.— McD., 
1500—13.16—181; D., 1488—291. 

McDEVITT (residence changed from New York to Chicago) vs. 
MELVIN FOSTER, N. Y. Library Hall, Chicago, April 8, 1868.— 
McD., 1268—21.49—293; F., 1262—263. In fifty-ninth inning, F. 



212 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

protested against a decision. Confusion followed, and the referee 
adjudged McD. winner while it was still his turn to play. Declining 
to submit to arbitration, McDevitt guaranteed the stakeholder 
against a possible suit-at-law, and was paid the stakes. 

McDEVITT VS. J. DION. Same hall, September 16, 1868 — 
McD., 1500—166.67—1458; D., 407—261. 

McDEVITT VS. GOLDTHWAIT. Crosby's Music Hall, Chicago, 
December 22, 1868. — Fourteenth contest and seventeenth and last 
match. McD., 1500—25—238; G., 1483—226. 

On Christmas Day, 1868, there being no challenge pending, McDevitt 
resigned the cue to its donors, Phelan & Collender, as a step toward 
a new championship, push barred. The old style of game came thus 
to an end. 



Best Record Average on a Six-pocket Table. Union Hall, In- 
dianapolis, December 17, 1863. — $250 a side. McDevitt, 1500 — 
17.24— 148; Frank Parker, 661—68. 

Excepting one at the three-ball game, this was the last public con- 
test at caroms on a six-pocket table. 



1864. 

First Public Contest Prohibiting Both Pushing and Jawing. 

Irving Hall, N. Y. City, April 8th. — Informal match in aid of Work- 
ingwomen's Protective Union, 6x12 four-pocket. Michael Phelan, 
1000—8.40—56; Dudley Kavanagh, 965—40. 



First State Championship Tournament — An Unbeaten Amateur. 

Allyn Hall, Hartford, beginning August 16th. — Tournament for 
championship of Connecticut. Games, 300 points up, save in the final 
one, which, between Gershom B. Hubbell, of Hartford, and Geo. B. 
Hunt, of Bridgeport, was 500 points. The winner-in-chief was beaten 
by none but another amateur — Lieut. J. B. Burbank, then stationed 
at New London Harbor, and now a field-officer in the Fifth U. S. 
Artillery. Messrs. Burbank, Hunt and Hewins tied for second and 
third prizes, purses of $50 and $25, which the first two resigned to 
the professional, who is still such in Hartford. First prize, the cham- 
pion cue, to which, when the champion's term was up, was added the 
billiard-table. Average of tournament (five games apiece, 6x12 four- 
pocket), 5.90. The matches following the tournament were all 
played in Allyn Hall. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 213 

W. R. Av. G.A. 

G. B. Hubbell 4 53 7.32 6.36 

J. B. Burbank 3 50 6.98 6.34 

M. H. Hewins 3 48 7.50 5.91 

G.B.Hunt 3 46 7.14 6.05 

W.C.Porter 1 55 6. 5.11 

H. S. Keating 1 44 5.76 4.55 

HUBBELL VS. MICHAEL WOLLAHAN. November 15th.— 
First match. H., 1000—6.62—78; W., 921—47. 

HUBBELL VS. HUNT. February 21, 1865. Hubbell, 1000— 
7.58—70; Hunt, 649—57. 

HUBBELL VS. RALPH BENJAMIN. August 16, 1865.— H., 
1000—6.13—58; B., 956—33. 

HUBBELL VS. BENJAMIN. March 27, 1866.— Fourth and last 
match. Hubbell, who then acquired the emblem on time-limit, ran 
154 to Benjamin's 42, averaged 10.87, and won by nearly 400 in 1000. 



First Championship of Pennsylvania. — October 4-10, 1864, San- 
som Street Hall, Philadelphia. — 500 points on a 6x12 carom, p. and c. 
barred. Prizes, champion cue for first; silver plate, worth $100, for 
second. Nelms beaten by Estephe and Montgomery only. Average 
of tournament (seven games apiece), 8.23. Money stake in matches, 
$100. 



W. R. Av. G.A. 

Estephe 7 121 13.51 11.29 

Nelms 5 108 13.12 9.55 

Bird 4 64 11.60 8.94 

Montgomery. 4 74 9.26 7.64 



W. R. Av. G.A. 

Ryall .3 54 9.80 7.98 

Plunkett.... 2 92 9.60 7.96 

Palmer 2 57 10.20 7.70 



Hewes 1 49 7.22* 5.83 

* Losing average. 

ESTEPHE VS. RYALL. First match, same hall, December 13th. 
— E., 1200—10.63—60; R., 966—76. 

ESTEPHE VS. MONTGOMERY. Same hall, February 20, 1865. 
— E., 1200—16—109; M., 525—44. 

ESTEPHE VS. NELMS. Third and last match, Academy of 
Music, Philadelphia, April 13, 1865.— E., 1200—15.38—78; N., 1161 
—155. 



First Annual Championship of Upper Canada. November 21-26, 
1864, Music Hall, Toronto. — Games, 500 points, 6x12 four-pocket. 
Wm. Jakes beaten by none but Samuel May, who won play-off with 
D. Miller. Two prizes for place, and one for high run. Tournament 
unique in the approximate uniformity of its high runs and averages 
at the style of game. Its own average (six games apiece) was 5.99. 



214 MODERN BILLIARDS. 





W. 


R. 


Av. 


G.A. 


W. 


R, 


Av. 


G. A. 


Jakes . . . 


... 5 


60 


8.20 


7.56 


Brown 3 


49 


8.62 


6.32 


May .... 


... 4 


64 


7.58 


6.01 


Cheseborough 2 


40 


5.62 


5.43 


Miller... 


...4 


48 


7.81 


6.70 


Phillips 


43 


. , . . 


4.90 


Cronn . . 


... 3 


40 


7.25 


5.42 











1865. 

First Public Contest on a 5 1-2x11 Table (Four-pocket). Grover's 
Theatre, Washington, D. C, January 23d. — $250 a side. Melvin 
Foster, 1500—19.23—170; John Deery, 1445—205. Return game, 
Irving Hall, N. Y. City, February 11th.— F., 1500—16.13—137; D., 
1124—122. 



Thomas Foley vs. Chas. A. Frink. Metropolitan Hall, Chicago, 
January 29, $250 a side, 6x12 four-pocket. Foley, 1000; Frink, 
872. Same terms and hall, February 11th.— Foley, 1000—14.71 
—93; Frink, 537—47. 



Amateurs' Sixteen-hour Contest for $2,000. "Arena," 185 Sixth 
Avenue, N. Y. City, February 20-21st — Admission by invitation. 
Wm. N. Wickes gave Wm. McKeever odds of "double discount," 
best in 37 100-point games "around the table" — i.e., mixed caroms 
and pocketings, latter limited to three consecutive times from the one 
spot (6x12 four-pocket). Games won: W., 20; McK., 14; W.'s 
extra one due to a dispute as to which had won the 13th. Total 
points: W., 4981; McK., 2129. Winner's general average, 14.43. 
No intermission. Referee throughout, Peter D. Braisted, Jr., color- 
sergeant Seventh Regiment. 



Mace, Bridge and Jaw Barred. Music Hall, Milwaukee, Wis., 
March 11th. — $250 a side, 6x12 four-pocket, John W. Coon giving 
S. A. Tustin odds of 200. C, 1000—14.08—112; T., 864—106. 



First Championship of Massachusetts. — Bumstead Hall, Boston, 
March 13-1 8th. — Games, 300 points. Contestants all Boston pro- 
fessionals but Lee W. Langdon, amateur, of Florence, Mass. Four 
prizes, all for place, went to the first four as tabled. They also made 
the best four winning averages, but in this order — W., 17.65; D., 
12.50; T., 10; L., 7.89. Average of tournament (seven games 
apiece), 6.72. Ensuing matches were all played in Bumstead Hall. 



W. 

W. A. Tobin 7 

R. E. Wilmarth 6 

Ed. Daniels 4 

L. W. Langdon. .... 4 



R. 


G.A. 


127 


11.17 


111 


8.18 


68 


7.90 


45 


6.84 



W. R. G.A. 

L.S.Brooks 2 108 5.53 

F.E.Smith 2 53 5.62 

F.A.Harding 2 47 4.88 

John Peck 1 64 5.68 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



215 



First match, June 21st.— W., 1500 
October 18th.— D., 1500—9.74— 
-D., 1500—8.61 



TOBIN VS. WILMARTH. 
—11.36—110; T., 1439—134. 

WILMARTH VS. DANIELS. 
80; W., 1020—58. 

DANIELS VS. LANGDON. February 21, 1866. 
—129; L., 1252—50. 

DANIELS VS. WILMARTH. June 21, 1866.— D., 1500—11.64— 
151; W., 911—115. 

DANIELS VS. TOBIN. October 17, 1866.— T., 1500—10.14; 
D 1292. 

TOBIN VS. JOHN H. FLACK. June 28, 1867.— T., 1500—9.15— 
122; F., 1470—119. 

TOBIN VS. DANIELS. October 31, 1867.— D., 1500—28.30— 
255; T., 628—101. 

Series ended with seventh match. After that run of 255 and that 
average of 28.30 on a 6x12 four-pocket, no one challenged the title of 
the restored champion; and for that reason, also, there was no new 
championship until, in 1869, there was a remodeled game. 



First Championship of Ohio. Mozart Hall, Cincinnati, May 
22-30, 1865. Games, 300 points. Two prizes, gold-mounted cue 
and silver goblet. Tiers for latter tied again, and presented it to 
Tony Honing, who had marked the games. The winning averages 
of the five leaders, in this order, were: 10.71, 12.50, 8.67, 15.79, and 
8.57; but actually fourth and fifth were Broga's 10 and Turner's 
9.68. Average of tournament (seven games apiece), 7.25. All 
matches were for $250 a side. 



W. R. G.A. 

H. Choate 5 111 7.78 

F. Ackerman 4 76 8.60 

W. Rivers 4 76 7.30 

G. Griffey 4 92 7.43 



W. 

J. Frawley 4 

J. Broga 3 

B. Beatty 2 

S. Turner 2 



R. 


G.A. 


50 


7.13 


99 


7.04 


62 


5.74 


77 


5.93 



CHOATE VS. FRAWLEY. Same hall, September 28.— F., 
1000—9.01—90; C, 874—74. 

FRAWLEY VS. CHAS. DAVIS. Academy of Music, Cleveland, 
January 24, 1866. F., 1000—11.36—291; Davis, 998—135. 

FRAWLEY VS. CHOATE. May 31st.— C. forfeited. 

FRAWLEY VS. ACKERMAN. Brainard's Hall, Cleveland, 
September 25, 1867. — Fourth and last match, j. b. and game arbi- 
trarily lengthened. F., 1500—16.32—410; A., 1239—110. 



McDevitt vs. Goldthwait. Mozart Hall, Cincinnati, May 31, 1865. 
— $1,000 a side.— McD., 1500— 22.73— 267; G., 10.86—16.71—96. 



216 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



First Championship of Illinois. Smith & Nixon's Hall, Chicago, 
June 14-21st. — First prize, gold-mounted cue; second, silver tea- 
service. Lowell Mason, ill, withdrew without playing; Charles A. 
Frink, taking his place, withdrew after playing and losing a game; 
and a Chicago amateur, billed as "Davis," filled out the Mason- 
Frink gap. Those who reached double figures in their best winning 
averages were: F., 13.64; R., 11.54; and Le B. and "Davis," 10.34 
each. The one victory credited to M. W. Donahue was a forfeit 
from Chas. Masters. . Average of tournament, 6.55. Seven 300- 
point games apiece. 



W. R. G A. 

T. Foley 7 101 8.57 

J. Ferguson 6 50 6.98 

A. Le Brun 5 76 7.35 

H. Rhines 3 85 6.62 



W. R. G.A. 

Cy. Coart 3 42 6.23 

"Davis" 2 76 5.84 

C. Masters 1 55 5.66 

M. Donahue 1 51 4.90 



Money-stake in all matches, $250 a side. 

FOLEY VS. RHINES. Bryan Hall, Chicago, October 12th.— F., 
1500—12.50—84; R., 1061—47. 

FOLEY VS. LE BRUN. Latter declared forfeit. 

FOLEY VS. JOSEPH VERMEULEN. Chicago, June 27, 1866.— 
F., 1500—15.46—178; V., 1002—126. 

FOLEY VS. RHINES. Crosby's Music Hall, Chicago, October 
15, 1866.— Fourth and last match of series. F., 1500—12.10—159; 
R., 1225—157. 

Challenges ceasing, emblem eventually became the unbeaten 
Foley's own. 



First Championship of All Canada. Mechanics' Hall, Montreal, 
July 12-19, 1865. — Tournament for gold-mounted cue for first, and 
a $75 silver cup for second. Five 500-point games apiece. Average 
of tournament, 7.07. 



W. R. G.A. 

C. Dion 5 138 12.33 

W. Jakes 4 70 7.32 

S. May 3 130 8.37 



W. R. G.A. 

A. Guillett 2 62 6.51 

J.Rooney 1 44 5.15 

H. McVittie 70 4.90 



The only high winning averages passing 8.47 (Jakes's) were Dion's 
20 and May's 12.50. This championship was simply nominal, as 
Joseph Dion was clearly the Canadian premier, with his brother 
Cyrille easily second. It was never played for again. 



Jos. Dion vs. Melvin Foster. Mechanics' Hall, Montreal, July 
19th. — $1,000 a side in gold (U. S. currency still at heavy discount) 
D., 1500—21.74—151; F., 1108—147. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 217 

Champion of Canada vs. Champion of Massachusetts. Me- 
chanics' Hall, Montreal, July 20th. — First contest of a home-and- 
home match, $500 in gold each game. C. Dion, 1500—12.71—109; 
Robt. E. Wilmarth, 1375 — 90. In return game, set for Bumstead 
Hall, Boston, October 19, W. forfeited. 



Championship of Maine. First tournament, Meonian Hall, 
Augusta, September 4-9th. Games, 300 points. R. T. Williams, 
E. Godfrey, and C. E. Smith were the prize-winners. 



Championship of Upper Canada. Second annual tournament, 
Dallas Block, Toronto. Games, 300 points, p. b. Messrs. May, 
Miller and Brown tied, and the play-off gave Brown the championship 
and May the second prize. Their best winning average and their 
general average in the regular games were: Brown, 7.14 and 5.94; 
May, 9.38 and 6.92; Miller, 6.82 and 5.65. May won prize for high 
run, 79. The other contestants were Messrs. Cheseborough and 
Phillips, the latter winning no game, and the former beating only 
Phillips. 

Thomas Foley vs. John W. Coon. Bryan Hall, Chicago, Septem- 
ber 28.— $500 a side, Foley giving odds of 400. F., 1500—12.50—91 ; 
C, 1463—151. 



C. Dion vs. Ed. Daniels. — Bumstead Hall, Boston, October 19. — 
$250 a side. Dion, 1500—16.30—157; Daniels, 728—59. 



Dudley Kavanagh vs. Pierre Carme. Irving Hall, N. Y. City, 
November 4. — Second game of match of three, every one for $1,000 a 
side, half forfeit. (See Three-ball Caroms, October 5, 1865, for 
first.) Push-shot barred, 5^x11 four-pocket table, 2-,\ balls. 
K., 1500—25—132; C, 1339— 178. Third game, pushing and 
jawing allowed on 6x12 four-pocket, set for December 4th, was 
forfeited by Carme. 



First Championship of Maryland. Baltimore, December 11 -13th. 
6x12 carom, c. b. Five players. Winner, Glessner, whose best 
average was about 8. No matches. 



218 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

First Championship of Virginia. Norfolk, December 19-23d. 
Skc participants. W. Baldwin, beaten by S. D. Brough only, was 
winner, his 40 being the highest run of all, and his 4.61 the best 
general average. 

W. BALDWIN VS. EDWARD BRYAN. Norfolk, Va., May 10, 
1866.— Only match. Bryan, 800—9.52—46; Baldwin, 429—49. 
By agreement, a 5^x11 four-pocket instead of a 6x12, as in tourna- 
ment. 



1866. 

Pennsylvania Restores Push-Shot. Concert Hall, Philadelphia, 
January 31 to February 4, 1866. — Second championship of State, 
6x12 carom, c. b., push allowed. Contestants: E. J. Plunkett, R. T. 
Ryall, Jas. Palmer, J. B. Bruce, and H. W. Hewes. All games 
500 up but deciding one, which, between Ryall and Plunkett, was 
1000 up; and in that the winner, Plunkett, ran 251, highest of tourna- 
ment. Ryall, in playing Hewes, had made the next highest, 172. 
Palmer won third prize. 

PLUNKETT VS. RYALL. Same hall, March 29th.— First 
match. R., 1500—18.07—123; P., 629—50. 

RYALL VS. ESTEPHE. Same hall, May 14th.— R., 1500— 
17.44—160; E., 1349—75. 

RYALL VS. PLUNKETT. Same hall, June 29th.— P., 1500— 
18.52—115; R., 823—117. 

PLUNKETT VS. ESTEPHE. Sansom Street Hall, Philadelphia, 
August 28th.— P., 1500—30—223; E., 1360—282. 

With this match the series was discontinued. Restoring the push 
had caused a division of sentiment. 



First Championship of Georgia. Atlanta, February 12-2 1st. — 
300 points, eight contestants. A. W. Crawford beat all; John P. 
Chapman, second prize, $50 and gold watch; John Lloyd, third, 
$25 and a set of jewelry. Their best runs and averages were: 
Crawford, 54 and 13.64; Chapman, 68 and 14.29; Lloyd, 96 and 
12.50. 



Memphis, Tenn., Tournament. February 14-24th. — 500 points, 
six players. Melvin Foster, N. Y., won first ($500) after a tie with 
F. A. Myers, of Memphis ($300), while Wm. Brown was third ($200). 
The best winning average and highest run, Foster's 50 and 282, 
resulted from his "jawing" the balls against Harry Choate. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



219 



First Public Contest in United States Between Foreign Players. 
Cooper Institute, N. Y. City, May 24th. — Purse game for a testi- 
monial benefit, 2-^ balls on a 5£xll carom, p. b. J. Dion, of Mon- 
treal, 750—39.47—297 (by crotching) ; P. Carme, from France, 
491—105. 



First Championship of Indiana. Hamilton Hall, Fort Wayne, 
June 6-1 lth. Games, 300 up. Morris beat McCarthy, but lost in 
playing off. Best four winning averages: Morris, 12; McCarthy, 
10.34; Capron, 9.33. Average of tournament, 6.19. All players 
tied but one, the only case of the kind among so many as seven at 
the four-ball game. No matches, McCarthy passing unchallenged. 
Six games apiece, tournament averaging 6.19. This was the first 
case of a championship tie. 

W. 

Tim McCarthy 5 

Geo. Morris 5 

J. O'Connell 3 

Louis Capron 2 



R. 


G.A. 


73 


8.19 


67 


6.84 


43 


5.28 


65 


6. 



W. R. G.A. 

W. T. McFarland 2 65 5.70 

A. McCracken 2 154 6.35 

C. Anderson 2 40 5.50 



Goldthwait vs. Deery. Cooper Institute, N. Y. City, June 15. — 
$500 a side. G., 1500—15.79—218; Deery, 1245—202. 



First Championship of Missouri. Verandah Hall, St. Louis, 
June 14— 20th. — Six 300-point games apiece. Winner beaten by 
Terrell only, and beat Pearce in play-off. Best three winning averages 
— H., 60; B., 13.64; Wade, 8.57. Average of tournament, 6.87. 





W. 


R. 


G.A. 




W. 


R. 


G.A. 


A. H. Harrison . . . 


...5 


127 


10.09 


John Bluim 


2 


88 


8.80 


P. J. Pearce 


...5 


58 


6.86 


M. M. Miller 


1 


71 


5.65 


H. Wade 


.. . 4 


83 


6.12 


H. Wider 





70 


5.17 


Wm. Terrell 


. . . 4 


43 


6.57 











HARRISON VS. PEARCE. Same hall, October 4th. 
match. P., 1500—10.71—136; H., 1462—98. 



-Only 



T. Foley vs. Jos. Vermeulen. Chicago, June 27th. — First of 
two games, each $250 a side. F., 1500—15.47—178; V., 1002—126. 
Academy of Music, Chicago, July 26th, return game, p. b. F., 1000 — - 
7.63—52; V., 898—63. 



Third Annual Championship of Upper Canada. Rossin House, 
Toronto, p. b. D. C. Cheseborough beat Samuel May by 300 to 202, 
and J. Manard by 300 to 183. No others. 



220 MODEKN BILLIAEDS. 

Championship of the Champions. Hippotheatron, N, Y. City, 
beginning September 15th. Tournament of State and provincial 
champions — Canada, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Massachusetts, Illinois, 
Connecticut, Missouri, and Ohio. First prize, gold-mounted cue. 
Plunkett beat McCarthy in playing off for second and third — a 
billiard-table and an emblematic silver service. Frawley's 141 won 
gold watch and chain for highest run, Foley being near with 134. 
Average of tournament (seven games apiece), 9.83. It would have 
been higher, did not the subjoined table show 27 games instead of 
28. The missing one was between Harrison and Frawley, and was 
annulled next morning (the only such instance on record as to a 
public tournament) by a vote of 7 to 1 of the eight contestants. 

W. L. R. Av. G.A. 

C. Dion 6 1 127 25. 12. 

E. J. Plunkett 5 2 117 16.13 11.09 

T. McCarthy 5 2 99 14.29 10.03 

E. Daniels 3 4 80 15.15 9.37 

T. Foley 3 4 134 16.67 10. 

G. B. Hubbell 3 4 98 9.80 8.51 

A. H. Harrison 1 5 132 11.11 9.79 

J. Frawley 1 5 141 8.20 8.31 



Goldthwait vs. Daniels. Bumstead Hall, Boston, October 26th. — 
$250 a side, winner conceding 500 points. G., 1500 — 20 — 218; D., 
1499—195. 

No match of so close a finish had ever before been played, the 
nearest approach having been the Frawley-Davis contest of 1000 
to 998. 



McDevitt vs. Goldthwait. October 30 in Bumstead Hall, Boston, 
and November 30 in Irving Hall, N. Y. City. — Home-and-home 
match for $500 a side each game. Goldthwait lost in his own city 
by 926 to 1500, and won in McDevitt's by 1500 to 1137. McDevitt 
surpassed match record for a 6x12 four-pocket (his own 308) by 
running 409 in Boston. 



1867. 

Third Championship of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, February 
14-22d. — 6x12 carom, c. b., push retained. All games 500 points 
but the last, in which, 1000 up, Nelms vs. Estephe, the highest run 
and best winning average (38.46) were made. Other players with 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 221 

winning averages above 15: Estephe, 33.33; Jas. Palmer, 17.86; 

Wm. Rockhill, 16.73; Ryall, 16.13. Nelms-Estephe game was 

played in National Hall. Average of tournament, 10.63. Seven 
games apiece. 

W. R. G.A. 

Nelms 7 470 19.32 

Estephe 6 148 20.60 

Ryall 5 120 12.34 

Rockhill 4 96 9.52 



W. R. G.A. 

Palmer 3 98 10.15 

Hewes 2 71 9.13 

Bruce 1 80 6.27 

Hoyt 66 6.02 



NELMS VS. RYALL. National Hall, Philadelphia, May 27.— 
Only match. N., 1500—33.33—543; R., 1140—277. 



Second Championship of Illinois. Crosby's Music Hall, Chicago, 
June 17-26th. — 500 points, j. b. Prizes: Gold-mounted cue for 
first (won by Vermeulen in playing-off with Rhines), gold watch for 
second and amethyst ring for third. Best four winning averages 
were the four leaders': R., 20.83; V., 14.29; Honohan, 12.20; Davis, 
13.16. Average of tournament, 8.93. Seven games apiece. 



W. R. G.A. 

Vermeulen 6 196 10.59 

Rhines 6 278 13.08 

Davis 5 139 10.24 

Honohan 4 92 9.64 



.W. R. G.A. 

LeBrun 4 85 8.48 

Furlong 2 92 7.19 

Forhan 1 42 5.63 

Cusick 63 5.16 



All matches were in Crosby's Music Hall, Chicago, and the money- 
stake, except in last, was $200 a side. 

VERMEULEN VS. RHINES. September 9.— R., 1500—18.29— 
300; V., 1162—236. 

RHINES VS. HONOHAN. December 4th.— R., 1500—14.66— 
162; H., 1275—211. 

RHINES VS. VERMEULEN. March 4, 1868.— V., 1500—13.65— 
201 ;R., 1415—161. 

VERMEULEN VS. HONOHAN. May 25, 1868.— V., 1500— 
12.61—187; H., 1376—75. 

VERMEULEN VS. RHINES. September 2, 1868.— R., 1500— 
11.16—211; V., 1377—128. 

RHINES VS. VERMEULEN. December 21, 1868.— V., 1500— 
10.42; R., 1472. 

VERMEULEN VS. HONOHAN. March 25, 1869.— J. and p. b., 
and points reduced. V., 1200— 13.33— 111 ; H., 910—68. 

VERMEULEN VS. FRANK PARKER. July 5, 1869.— Another 
change, counting three for every carom instead of in twos or threes. 
P., 1200—19.67—117; V., 523—57. 



222 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



PARKER VS. SNYDER. November 20, 1869.— P., 1200— 
15.38—129; S., 827—63. 

PARKER VS. SNYDER. March 23, 1870.— Tenth and last 

match, stake increased to $250 a side. P., 1200 — 16.90 — 105; 
S., 978—93. 



Championship of Pacific Coast. Piatt's Hall, San Francisco, 
August 17, 1867.— $500 a side, 5£xll carom, c. b. Albert W. 
Jamison, 1500—50—212; Edward Morris, 740—236. 



First J. M. Brunswick & Co.'s Table in Tournament. Cincin- 
nati, O., October, 21-31st. — 5^x11 four-pocket, play unrestricted. 
All games 300 points but that determining tie between Foster and 
Coon, which was 1000. Davis won third prize. The first was the 
table on which games were played. Average of tournament, nine 
games apiece, 12.93. 





W. 


R. 


Av. 


G.A. 




W. 


R. 


Av. 


G.A. 


M. Foster. ; . 


8 


194 


100. 


25.37 


F. Ackerman . 


. 4 


141 


27.27 


13.47 


J. W. Coon. . 


8 


162 


37.50 


16.25 


H. Choate . . . 


. 4 


81 


11.11 


9. 


C. Davis 


7 


124 


23.08 


14. 


F. Parker . . . 


. 4 


138 


42.86 


14.05 


P. Snyder. . . 


4 


288 


50. 


13.29 


W. C. Rivers . 


. 2 


116 


15.79 


11.11 


J.Vermeulen 


.4 


98 


23.08 


11.61 


F. E. Smith . . 


. 


76 




. .7.31 



One-half of the contestants became champions, State, national, 
or both; but the best mere billiard-player of the ten (Foster) never 
could attain to that eminence. 



0. Dion vs. Daniels. Bumstead Hall, Boston, Mass., December 
18th.— $250 a side, p. and j. barred, 6x12. Dion, 1000—11.71—101 ; 
Daniels, 770—94. 



Fourth Annual Championship of Upper Canada. Toronto, 
December. — 500 up, p. b., but jawing allowed. Wm. Jakes, with 
G. A. of 8.43, won all his games; Samuel May, GT. A. 7.42, won all 
but one; Turner, G. A. 6.33, was third; Egener, G. A. 4.67, fourth; 
and Davis, G. A. 3.27, fifth and last. Average of tournament, 5.94. 



1868. 

McDevitt vs. Goldthwait. Cooper Institute, N. Y. City, Jan- 
uary 8.— $250 a side, no restrictions. McD., 1500—166.67—1483; 
G., 113 — 48. The 1483 were made nominally in the "jaw," but in 
effect it was a carom -table " crotch." 



MODEBN BILLIARDS. 223 

Championship of Nevada. Opera House, Virginia City, January 
20th. — $250 a side in gold, unrestricted; 5^x11 carom. W. Wright, 
1500—71.43—768; Valentine J. Orndorff, 279—59. The 768 were 
crotched. 



Hewins vs. L. W. Simonds. Music Hall, New Haven, Conn., 
March 4th. — $500 a side, j. b. on 5^x11, the Danbury expert giving 
the Hartfordite 500. H., 1500—8.13 (1000)— 64; S., 1015—68. 



Carme vs. Vermeulen. Crosby's Music Hall, Chicago, July 22d. — 
$250 a side, 5^x11 carom, c. and p. barred, and V. receiving 500. 
C., 1500—34.88—382; V., 1135 (with odds)— 73. 



Third Championship of Ohio. Mozart Hall, Cincinnati, October 
21-26th. — 5^x11 four-pocket, c. and p. b., 300-point games. Fred. 
Ackerman won play-off and second prize, $150, and Tony Honing 
third, $100. Harry Choate, winning all his games, received first 
prize — gold-mounted cue and $100. Ackerman's 33.33 was best 
average, his 14.88 the best general average, and Asa Brainard's 143 
the best run. The other six were Samuel Turner, J. W. Cronn, 
J. Quill, Joseph Casper, Jos. Cherry, and J. Grunkemeyer. Average 
of tournament, 10.37. 

CHOATE VS. ACKERMAN. City Hall, Springfield, O., Jan- 
uary 12, 1869.— First match. A., 1000—20.41—99; C, 563—65. 

ACKERMAN VS. HONING. Mozart Hall, Cincinnati, Sep- 
tember 11, 1869.— Second and last match. A., 1000—16.67—130; 
H., 894—187. 



First Match in America Between French Experts. In November, 
A. P. Rudolphe and Pierre Carme were matched to play two games 
in Chicago, four-ball, p. and c. barred, and three-ball, each for 
$1,000 a side. Carme was adjudged to have forfeited in both. Soon 
afterward, they played two similar games, Rudolphe winning both, 
without equaling the record in either. 



T. Foley vs. Frawley. Garrett's Hall, Cleveland, December 2, 
1868. — First of three games, every one for $500 a side, 5^x11, j. b. 
and push allowed in first, but both barred in second. Foley, 1500 — 
16.30—120; Frawley, 975—189. 

Second game, Crosby's Music Hall, Chicago, December 30th. — 
Foley, 1000—10.63—78; Frawley, 645—81. 



224 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

Third game, three-ball caroms, Frawley forfeited; and a new 
match, same as game of December 2, but for $1,000 a side, was played 
in same hall as second, February 24, 1869. Foley, 1500 — 22.39 — 
248; Frawley, 1202—188. 



1869. 



[In this and all later years until close of the four-ball series, table was i 
5^x11 four-pocket, when not differently indicated, the game p. and j. b. 
and the count in ones (for misses), threes and sixes.] 

Frawley vs. Rhines. Garrett's Hall, Cleveland, January 22d — 
$250 a side. F., 1000—14.02—153; R., 1496—298. 



J. Dion vs. Foster. Mechanics' Hall, Montreal, January 28th. — 
First of home-and-home-and-odd (see Three-ball Caroms, 1869), 
$1,000 a side every game. D., 1200—36.36—208; F., 1116—355. 

First Chalking of Lines. On every corner cushion rail, about 
eight inches apart, the terminals of an imaginary line were drawn. 
This line had no reference to jawing or crotching, already barred 
by the articles of agreement, and yet its purpose was to prevent 
what, without describing it, a Montreal paper had spoken of as 
" Dion's patent shot." No one could be found who knew its nature. 
Suspecting it to be a " kiss-back " from one ball dead against the 
end-rail, one of the staff of the "N. Y. Times" suggested the line, 
and the referee, Gershom B. Hubbell, marked it with the concurrence 
of the players. 

First Public Game Played Under Protest. Dion could not have 
fully understood the purpose of the line. Because of it, he played 
the latter half of the game under protest, Michael Phelan to decide. 
As he won, the protest was needless. Had he lost r it would have 
been useless. There has been only one other case of playing on after 
protesting, instead of having the point decided then and there; and 
in that other case the protester won because of a wrong decision 
due to delay, and that, if given on the spot, would not have been 
wrong, singular to say. 

Dion vs. Foster. Mechanics' Hall, Montreal, April 6th. — Third 
and last match of series, same terms as one above. D., 1200 — 
28.57—124; F., 1118—102. 

First Championship of Wisconsin. Opera House Hall, Fond 
du Lac, February 9-12th. Counting in twos, threes, and fives. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 225 

Adam Kleser, then of Milwaukee, first; L. Olcott second; Harris 
Liverman, third. The others were S. A. Tustin, W. W. Seavor, and 
C. Bly. Stake in matches, $200. 

KLESER VS. SEAVOR. Madison, Wis., May 19th. Counting 
now in threes and sixes. K., 1200—9.92—102; S., 728—48. 

KLESER VS. LIVERMAN. Music Hall, Milwaukee, December 6, 
1870. L., 1200— av., 11.54; K., 776. 

LIVERMAN VS. KLESER. Eau Claire, June 29, 1871. L., 1200 
— av., 15; K., 1164. 



First Formal Amateur Championship. That of Long Island, at 
Assembly Rooms, Brooklyn, April 19-28th. Games, 300 points, old 
counting, unrestricted. Contestants, Messrs. Dodge, Rogers, 
Wharton (prize-winners in that order), Hardy, Karff, Sproul, and 
Vanderwerker. 



Second or Diamond Cue Championship of America. Irving Hall, 
N. Y. City, April 26 to May 10, 1869. This was a tournament of 
innovations. It was the first with an entrance-fee from contestants. 
Instead of in twos, threes, and fives, caroms were counted in threes 
and sixes. Instead of two short games per session, there was one 
long one (1200 points). For the first time in national championship 
contests, a 5^x11 (four-pocket) table was used, and the push-shot 
prohibited. Foster alone beat the winner-in-chief. Average of 
tournament, six games apiece, 17.35. 

W. R. Av. G.A. 

John Deery, $1,000 5 358 24. 18.66 

A. P. Rudolphe, $625 4 170 25. 18.48 

Melvin Foster, $475 4 189 23.53 18.41 

Peter Snyder, $275 4 207 25. 18.29 

Henry Rhines, $125 2 171 16. 16.52 

W. Goldthwait 1 129 21.53 16.76 

Ed. Daniels 1 219 25. 14.57 

The closeness of the single and general averages is still without 
parallel in a tournament of leading experts. Playing off, Rudolphe 
beat both Foster and Snyder, and Foster, in defeating Snyder by 
1200 to 872, ran 492 and averaged 38.67 — records in themselves 
without being records of the tournament. Could Foster's extra 
two games have been added to his tournament six, he would have 
credited himself with the tournament's best run, its best single 
average, and its best general average (20.13). 

All matches were for the Diamond Cue and a money-stake of $500 
a side. 



226 MODEEN BILLIARDS. 

DEERY VS. FOSTER. Hippotheatron, N. Y. City, September 
14, 1869. D., 1500—20—174; Foster, 1229—154. 

DEERY VS. C. DION. Mechanics' Pavilion, San Francisco, 
January 8, 1870. Deery, 1500—15.31—177; Dion, 1489—156. 

DEERY VS. RUDOLPHE. Same hall, March 5, 1870. R., 
1500—18.52—279; Deery, 1327—235. 

RUDOLPHE VS. C. DION. Hippotheatron, N. Y. City, May 31st. 
R., 1500—27.27—153; D., 1485—177. Instead of one referee and 
two umpires, this contest had three joint referees, and an erroneous 
decision as to count, thoughtlessly given by one without consulting 
another, the third being absent temporarily, gave Rudolphe the 
match, $1,000 in stakes, and about $1,750 in clear door-money, the 
largest ever realized from one night's play. 

RUDOLPHE VS. J. DION. Apollo Hall, N. Y. City, October 7, 

1870. R., 1500—28.30—192; D., 1192—180. 

RUDOLPHE VS. PARKER. Kremlin Hall, Buffalo, N. Y., 
January, 11, 1871. P., 1500—18.29—144; R., 1235—162. 

PARKER VS. C. DION. Crosby's Opera House, Chicago, 
April 26, 1871. D., 1500—19.48—183; P., 1164—168. 

C. DION VS. DANIELS. Latter declared forfeit. 

C. DION VS. FOSTER. Hippotheatron, N. Y. Citv, June 19, 

1871. D., 1500—24.59—186; F., 616—96. 

C. DION VS. DEERY. Irving Hall, N. Y. City, November 29, 

1872. Dion, 1500—16.67—321; Deery, 1201—81. 

C. DION VS. DALY. Irving Hall, N. Y. City, January 2, 1873. 
Daly missed victory through his failure to see, until too late for 
rectification under the rules, that 15 points of his had not been 
marked up. When the score-strings showed 1490 for Daly and 
1486 for Dion, the contest was annulled by an agreement to begin 
again, in Tammany Hall, January 9th. Dion then, 1500 — 25.42 — 
156; Daly, 1147—159. 

C. DION VS. DALY. Tammany Hall, N.Y.City, May 16, 1873. 
Daly, 1500—26.79—195; Dion, 1261—147. 

DALY VS. GARNIER. Same hall, October 2, 1873. G., 1500— 
31.25—171; D., 1224—249. 

October 6, Gamier resigned Diamond Cue to its surviving donor, 
H. W. Collender, instead of to C. Dion, who on September 30 had 
challenged winner of then pending Daly-Garnier match. Dion 
thereupon again became champion. 

C. DION VS. RUDOLPHE. Same hall, April 7, 1876. Four- 
teenth match and thirteenth and last completed contest. Dion, 
1500—40.54—228; Rudolphe, 392—108. 

Time-limit, two years and a half, made the emblem Dion's. 
Daly holds it as a souvenir of his having held it as champion. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



227 



Second Championship of Massachusetts. Olympic Theatre, 
Boston, May 10-18, 1869.— 500-point games. R. E. Wilmarth, 
champion cue and $250; A. B. Williams, second (billiard-table); 
John H. Flack, third (gold watch and chain). Other contestants 
were W. A. Tobin, John F. Murphy, L. S. Brooks, Samuel Colby, 
and R. Davis. Stake in matches, $200. 

WILMARTH VS. BROOKS. Bumstead Hall, Boston, Decem- 
ber 10th. W., 1200—10—87; B., 955—99. 

WILMARTH VS. MURPHY. Same hall, January 24, 1870. 
W., 1200—16.67—93; M., 846—69. 

WILMARTH VS. B. FRANK DENNISON. Same hall, March 31, 
1870. D., 1200—16—208; W., 787—60. 

DENNISON VS. TOBIN. Opera House, Springfield, Mass., 
June 30, 1870. D., 1200—13.33—132; T., 1014—105. 



Chicago's First Amateur Championship. T. Foley's Room, 
June 7-26, 1869. — 500-point games. Clem Ellison won second in 
play-off, and fourth went to Humphreys. Average of tournament, 
nine games apiece, 8.02. G. A. of five leaders were: S., 12.06; E., 
9.59; W., 9.34; H., 9.66; John W. Blaisdell, the actor, 8.26. 





W. 


R. 


Av. 




W. 


R. 


Av. 


Spear 


9 


87 


19.23 


Kinzie 


5 


72 


10.09 


Ellison 


.... 1 


108 


13.89 


Stevens 


3 


63 


7.41 


Watkins 


.... 7 


85 


12.82 


O'Brien 


2 


51 


7.14 


Humphreys . . . 


6 


111 


11.11 


Wilson 


1 


66 


7.35 


Blaisdell 


....5 


87 


11.36 


Pickley 





51 






Second Championship of Maine. Portland, August 2-7th. — 
500 points, 5^x11 four-pocket, unrestricted, and counted in old way. 
Henry F. Shiel, unbeaten, won champion cue and $200; C. E. Smith, 
of Augusta, billiard-table; and Smith, of Portland, gold watch. 
Others, J. M. Bonney and George Swazey. 

SHIEL VS. T. HERBERT WHITE. Portland, August 7, 1871. 
Former won by 1000 to 867. 

SHIEL VS. C. E. SMITH. Lancaster Hall, Portland, June 28, 
1871. Shiel, 1200—17.91—150; Smith, 818—115. 



Average of 1000. Breed's Hall, Norwich, Conn., August 4th. — 
First of home-and-home, each for $200 a side, $50 forfeit, Melvin 
Foster to discount Geo. T. Stone on 5^x11 carom, c. and p. both 
allowed, and counting in the old way. Foster " crotched " out his 
whole 1000 in his first inning. Stone, who made but 19, forfeited in 
return one, set for Aborn Hall, New London, August 11th. 



228 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

Third Championship of Ohio. Mozart Hall, Cincinnati, Novem- 
ber 29th to December 1st. — 500-point games, 5^x11 carom. Wil- 
liamson won play-off. Average of tournament, three games apiece, 
11.77. Match stake, $100 a side, in games of 1000 points. 

W. R. Av. G.A. 

Williamson 2 108 13.51 12.02 

Grunkemeyer 2 63 13.89 11.44 

Casper 1 81 18.52 13.29 

Cherry 1 57 13.51 10.47 

Champions by turn were Williamson, Casper, Choate, Honing, 
and Choate again. Honing made the best run of the match series, 
192 against Choate, May 17, 1871, in Cincinnati, and Choate the 
best winning average, 32.26 against Honing, same date. 



Choate vs. Jacob Garratt. Respectively as champions of Ohio 
and Indiana, they played a match of $200 a side in Indianapolis 
July 3, 1871 (C, 1200—22.22—126; G., 989—78); and in Hopkins's 
Hall, Cincinnati, July 18th following, they contended for the joint 
championship of the two States, regardless of disability by reason 
of non-residence (G., 1200— 21.05— 123; C, 1162—105). Both games, 
counted in threes, were on a 5x10, probably with push, but minus 
crotch; and on August 2, 1871, at the Opera House, Springfield, 
O., Choate's home, they plaj T ed a purse game on a 5^x11 carom, c. 
and p. barred (C, 1200—7.69—187; G., 1170—141). 



Parker vs. Snyder. December 4, 1869, Crosby's Music Hall, 
Chicago, $250 a side. P., 1200—15.58—207; S., 1088—84. 



Second Championship of Indiana. If there was a tournament, 
record of it is altogether lacking. December 4, 1869, in Indianapolis, 
Alex. McCracken, then champion, contended with John W. Gregg 
for the championship and $200 on 5^x11 carom. G., 1200 — 19.05 — 
126; McC, 1111—126. 

GARRATT VS. McCRACKEN. Record is lacking as to how 
Gregg relinquished and Garratt acquired the championship. Wash- 
ington Hall, Indianapolis, April 4, 1870, Champion Jacob Garratt, 
1200—22.22—93; McC, 1129—144. 

GARRATT VS. GREGG. Same hall, January 9, 1871.— Garratt, 
1200—15—90; Gregg, 976—63. 

GARRATT VS. CHOATE. For joint championship of Indiana 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 229 

and Ohio, July 18, 1871, see year 1869 under "Third Championship 
of Ohio." 

GARRATT VS. PARKER A. BYERS. Indianapolis, October 26, 
1871.— For Indiana championship. G., 1200—24—105; B., 1187— 
135. 

Byers was afterward proclaimed champion, and for some time 
Indiana had rival Billiard Associations and two championships. 

GARST VS. GARRATT. Indianapolis, September 15, 1872.— 
New Billiard Association, with Peter Garst as standard-bearer. 
Table, 5 2 xll carom. Garst won by 1500 to 1252. 

BYERS VS. GARRATT. Lafayette, home of Byers, May 22, 
1873. — $100 a side, 5x10 carom, "under the rules of the Indiana 
Billiard Association." G., 1500—41.67—114; B., 1194—120. 

This closed the often puzzling four-ball record of professionals in 
Indiana. 



First Case of Two Styles of Game in One Night. Bumstead Hall, 
Boston, December 13, 1869. — First of two games, each $100 a side 
(see Three-ball Caroms, December 13, 1869, for second), 5^x11 
carom, c. and p. b. Melvin Foster, 750 — 44.12 — 426; E. Daniels, 
645—147. 



1870. 



Deery vs. C. Dion. Piatt's Hall, San Francisco, February 3d. — 
$1,000 a side. Deery, 1500—18.42—231; Dion, 1044—120. 

Parker vs. Adam Kleser. Music Hall, Milwaukee, February 9th. — 
$100 a side. P., 1200—42.86—277; K., 321— run, 42. 
(See " Best Record Performances.") 



Rudolphe vs. Deery. Mercantile Library Hall, San Francisco, 
March 17th.— $1,500 a side. R., 1500—32.61—312; D., 970—174. 

This contest was unique in having three judges in addition to a 
referee. 

Parker vs. Coon. Crosby's Music Hall, Chicago, April 11th. — 
$250 a side. P., 1500—19.48—189; C, 1205—133. 



Second Championship of Maine. First match was in Congress 
Hall, Portland, May 13th. — $100 a side, on a 5^x11 four-pocket, 



230 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

surely counting in threes, and supposedly j. and p. b. Champion, 
Henry Shiel, 1200—12.37—78; C. E. Smith, 1152—90. 



Second Amateur Championship of Long Island. Assembly 
Rooms, Brooklyn, May 23d to June 2d. — Five games apiece. Rogers, 
won 5 ; Kirkby, 4 ; Craft and Upham, each 2 ; Roberts and Campbell, 
each 1. Of the matches, Kirkby beat Rogers, December 16, 1870, 
by 500 to 393; Earle, January 11, 1871, by 500 to 338; Aaron Vande- 
werker, January 26, 1871, by 500 to 375 (table changed from 5^x11 
four-pocket to a carom of same size) ; and Vandewerker again, 
May 22, 1871, by 500 to 296. On October 17, 1871, it was Rogers, 
500—20—99; Kirkby, 307—63, and on January 17, 1872, it was 
Rogers, 500—17.86—99; Rapalye, 375—108. Rogers's 20 was high 
average, and the best carom-table run, next to the 108 and the two 
99 's, was Kirkby 's 87 against Vandewerker. 



Experts' Game, Also Known as " Red, White and Blue." Hippo- 

theatron, N. Y. City, June 1st. — 500 points, $250 purse. J. Dion, 
300—5.36—25; M. Foster, 260—28. 

This was the first game designed to suppress nursing. Instead 
of two reds, one red and a blue were used with two whites. 
The game had special rules, but its chief feature consisted in 
prohibiting the striker from playing on the nearer ball first when 
both were within a certain distance of each other. While 
500 points had not been found too long in practising for the 
match, they .proved too many in public competition, and when 
100 points had been scored it was decided to shorten the game by 
two-fifths. 



Rudolphe vs. C. Dion. Hippotheatron, N. Y. City, June 17, 1870. 
—$500 a side. D., 1500—27.27—193; R., 1090—246. 



New Championship of California. Piatt's Hall, San Francisco, 
June 18th. — Match for silver cue and $400, 5^x11 carom, c. and p. b., 
and counted in threes. Joseph W. Little, averaging 16, won by 1200 
to John F. B. McCleery's 669. Congress Hall, same city, Novem- 
ber 18th: McCleery, 1200—19.67—93; L., 836—93. See 1872 
for another new series. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 231 

G. F. Slosson's First Public Match. Opera House, Springfield, 
Mass., October 13th. — B. Frank Dennison giving odds of 300 in 
points and $200 to $100 in money. D., 1000—76.92—355; S., 
684 — 138. This was counted in the old way, and was probably on 
a 5x10 carom-table. 



C. Dion vs. Dennison. M. H. Hewins's Room, Hartford, Conn., 
November 3d. — Purse game, carom-table, c. and p. b., counting in 
threes, and Dion giving odds of 250. Dion, 1000—52.63—171; 
Dennison, 577 (with odds) — 57. A similar contest, $200 a side, 
was begun at once, odds now being 250. Dion, 1000 — 125 — 330; 
Dennison, 478 (with odds) — run not known. 



J. Dion vs. Deery. San Francisco, November 26th. — $1,000 a 
side. Dion, 1500—22.38—315; Deery, 896—115. 



C. Dion vs. Rudolphe. Academy of Music, N. Y. City, Decem- 
ber 28th. — $1,000 a side, Rudolphe giving odds of 5 per cent. D., 
2000—20 (in 1900)— 141; R., 989—315. 



1871. 

First Public Handicap Tournament. Allyn Hall, Hartford, 
February 23d to March 1st. — Five games apiece, Clark E. Wilson 
winning 4, and prize cue and $250. Melvin Foster, M. H. Hewins 
and Geo. T. Stone 3 apiece, B. F. Dennison 2, and Wm. Bowen 0. 
In playing off the ties, Hewins beat Stone and won third ($50), and 
Foster beat both. In round numbers, the general averages were: 
F., 18; S., 13; W., 12; Dennison, 11; Hewins, 10. Bowen forfeited 
two games. 



First Known Use of 5x10 in Four-ball Game. Academy of 
Music, Lafayette, Ind., March 2d.— $400. Parker A. Byers, 1200— 
24—96; Wm. F. Kenny, 817—108. The 5x10 is to be suspected of 
having been utilized in this way once or twice before, but this is the 
first sure case. 



Slosson and Daly's First Tournament. Rochester, N.Y., March 
28th to April 1st. — 1000-point games, counted in threes, p. and c. 
barred, but on a 5^x11 carom. Daly won play-off, and Slosson the 
$25 extra for highest run. Six games apiece. 



232 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



W. R. 

G. F. Slosson, $200 6 342 

M. Daly, $70 4 240 

Eugene Kimball, $30 . . 4 186 
Wm. Jakes 3 207 



Av. 

52.63 
71.43 
37.04 
26.32 



W, R. Av. 

Jeff. Ferguson 2 234 41.67 

Frank Fitch 1 240 

Frank Twitchell 1 ... 28.57 



Rudolphe vs. J. Dion. Piatt's Hall, San Francisco, April 1st. — 
Second of these games, every one for $1,000 a side. R., 1500 — 
20.27—228; D., 1288—207. For third, see Three-ball Caroms. 
The first, English winning-and-losing, caroms and pocketings, with 
2£ balls on an English 6x12 six-pocket table, was played in same 
hall, March 15th. Dion, 1000—4.24—29; R., 956—40. 



Plunkett vs. Nelms. Assembly Buildings, Philadelphia, May 23d. 
• — $250 a side, counted in the old way on a 5^x11 carom. P., 1500 — 
28.85—132; N., 1183—138. 



Championship of Canada. Also on 5^x11 carom, Montreal, 
July 18-27th. — Frank Dion first (gold-mounted cue and $100), 
John Hickey second ($60), and Thos. Russell third ($40). Jas. G. 
Bennett, Alphonse Derome, Chas. Egener, Thos. Knox, and Jas. 
Phelan were the others. Match record is incomplete. January 19, 
1872: J. G. Bennett, 1500—18.07—75; A. Derome, 1259—105; and 
March 20, 1872, Wm. Jakes defeated Bennett by 1500 to 1183. 
Each match was for $100 a side, and both were played in Montreal. 



G. F. Slosson vs. Eugene Carter. Toledo, O., July 26th. 
side. S., 1500— av. about 27; C, 1032. 



-$500 a 



A Wrong Decision Makes a Second Game. Apollo Hall, Newark, 
N. J., August 14th. — C. A. Frink vs. Ebenezer Francis, $250 a 
side, carom table. As Francis made apparently the winning shot, 
spectators closed in, causing his cue to touch a ball. Frink claimed 
foul, the referee so ruled, and Frink, with a run of 82, changed score 
to 1500 to 1497 in his favor, with an average of 28.25. Francis 
protested against payment of stakes, and another game was played 
in same hall August 21st. Francis, 1500 — 24.19 — 154; Frink, 
1378—141. 



Maurice Daly's First Public Match. Athenaeum, Brooklyn, 
September 15th. — $50 a side, usual way of going, but on a carom 
table (5^x11). D., 1500—93.75—357; A. W. Jamison, 414—105. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 233 

/ 

Gamier vs. Daly. Metropolitan Hall, Chicago, October 2d. — 
First of home-and-home, $1,000 each game, usual terms. G., 
1500—26.79—201 ; D., 1365—159. 

Return, Irving Hall, N. Y. City, October 27th.— D., 1500—25— 
327; G., 1230—132. 

This tie was virtually disposed of in Titusville, Pa., December 6th. 
First of two games (see Three-ball Caroms for second), severally for 
$250 and $200 a side. D., 1500—34.69—291; G. scored 698. 



Byron Gillett vs. G. P. Slosson. Stancliff Hall, November 1st. — 
$250 a side, carom table G., 1500—50—267; S., 1263—240. 



1872. 



Amateur Championship of Long Island. Assembly Rooms, 
Brooklyn, March ll-12th. — Carom table of usual size, cue to become 
personal property of tournament winner. Two games each. 

W. R. Av. G.A. 

S. Rapelye 2 64 16.31 14.08 

F. Rogers 1 99 17.24 15.08 

A. Vanderwerker . . .... 9.10 



Championship of Pacific Coast. Piatt's Hall, San Francisco, 
March 21st. — Silver cue and $200 a side, 5x10 carom. J. F. B. 
McCleery, 1500—28.85—207; W. W. Wright, 900—117. Same hall, 
May 7th, A. Kraker, 1500—38.46—147; McC, 754—150. Same 
hall, October 25th, Kraker, 1500—83.33—348; McC, 930—234. 



Championship of Massachusetts. Bumstead Hall, Boston, 
December 9-1 2th. — Entrance fee $50, 600-point games, carom 
table, 5x10. First prize, cue and $300; second, billiard-table; third, 
$150. Nothing to indicate general averages or disposition of ties. 
Five games apiece. 



W. R. Av. 

Ed. Kendall 4 219 66.67 

John Peck 3 213 35.29 

R. E. Wilmarth. . . 3 201 40. 



W. R. Av. 

B. F. Dennison . . . 3 276 46.15 

C. E. Wilson 2 195 42.86 

T. R. Bullock 123 



KENDALL VS. JOHN HICKEY. Same hall, February 11, 
1873, stake $100 a side and championship. K., 1500 — 31.58 — 186; 
H., 1225—168. 



234 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



KENDALL VS. WILSON. Same hall, March 11, 1873. W., 
1500—33.44—273; K., 1410—150. 

WILSON VS. DENNISON. Same hall, April 2, 1873. D., 
1500—46.88—330; W., 741—159. 

DENNISON VS. BULLOCK. Same hall, April 28, 1873. D., 
1500—40.54—120; B., 784—207. 

DENNISON VS. KENDALL. Same hall, October 24, 1873. 
K., 1500—52.41—273; D., 1485—285. 



1873. 



[This year and thenceforward, except when otherwise stated, 5x10 carom, 
c. and p. barred, counting in threes.] 

Dennison vs. J. G. Bennett. Bumstead Hall, Boston, April 14th. 
—$200 a side. D., 1500—83.33—300; B., 579—240. 



Slosson vs. John Bessunger. Kingsbury Hall, Chicago, Sep- 
tember 9th.— $250 a side. S., 2000—142.86—534; B., 216— run, 
108. On the prior April 19th they had played a similar match in 
Chicago. S., 2000—44.44—279; B., 1969—213. 



Dennison vs. Goldthwait. Bumstead Hall, Boston, Septem- 
ber 18th.— $100 a side. D., 1500—65.22—417; G., 819—216. 



1874. 

Louisiana Double Championship. Crescent Hall, New Orleans, 
April 6-30th. — Tournament at both four-ball and three-ball games. 
(For second, see Three-ball Caroms.) First prize, championship 
locket and $100 ; second, $50. Six games apiece. Average of tourna- 
ment, about 13i. Individual G. A.: H., 14.40; H. M., 20.61; C, 
10.11 ; J. M., 14.31 ; J. F. M., 15.25; A., 10.31 ; Q., 10.65. 



W. R. Av. 

Albert Hoa 5 77 21.36 

H. Miller 4 92 30. 

A. Coste 3 91 14.29 

J.Miller 3 86 10.71 



W. R. Av. 

J. F. Maggioli 3 93 23.08 

L. Abrams 2 96 21.43 

Chas. Quaid 1 128 18.75 



HOA VS # H. MILLER. Same hall, June 1st.— Match, stake $50. 
M., 500—20.83—155; H., 180—36. 

• H. MILLER VS. MAGGIOLI. Varieties Theatre, New Orleans, 
March 4, 1876. Miller, 500—33.33—91 ; Maggioli, 360—77. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 235 



18T6. 

Slosson vs. Sexton. Foley's Room, Chicago, September 17th. — • 
Purse game, 5Jxll four-pocket table, counting in the old way. 
Slosson, 2000—33.33—356; Sexton, 1730—257. [The night before 
they had played the three-ball game on the same table. Slosson, 
600—8.22—137; Sexton's total, 278.] 

Those games were not matches, and are not records. Not being 
matches, they furnished no line at all as to Old Billiards vs. New. 
This is the final four-ball chronicle as to professed experts of standing. 
The revival of contests on pocketless tables, tested as early as 1860, 
and abandoned outside of Philadelphia as too repressive of "safety," 
or generalship, had brought the game into disesteem for spectacular 
uses. So small a table as a 5x10 for that way of going was almost 
a burlesque of competitive billiards in the hands even of approximate 
masters; and yet it remained for four-ball caroms to be played, 
although by an inferior class of experts in the remoter West, on a 
4^x9 carom! • 



Best Keoord Performances at Four-Ball 

Caroms 

in matches for a general championship. 

BEST AVERAGES ON 6x12 FOUR-POCKET TABLE. 

166.67 in 1500, jawing barred, pushing allowed — J. McDevitt, 1868 (see 
series under 1863). 

25.86 in 1500, push and jaw allowed— J. Dion, 1866 (see series under 
1863). 



BEST RUNS ON 6x12 FOUR-POCKET TABLE. 

1458, jaw barred, push allowed — J. McDevitt, 1868. 

616, due to jawing — J. Dion, 1867. (See series under 1863 for both.) 



BEST AVERAGES ON 5^x11 FOUR-POCKET TABLE. 

40.54 in 1500, push and jaw barred— C. Dion, 1876. 
31.25 in 1500, push and jaw barred — A. Gamier, 1873. 
(See series under 1869 for both.) 



RUNS ON 51x11 FOUR-POCKET TABLE. 

321 by C. Dion, 1872; 279 by A. P. Rudolphe, 1870; and 249 by Maurice 
Daly, 1873 — all push and jaw barred. (See series under 1869.) 



236 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

PUBLIC CONTESTS NOT FOR GENERAL CHAMPIONSHIP. 

BEST AVERAGES ON 6x12 SIX-POCKET TABLE. 

12.20 in 2000— Michael Phelan, 1859. 
17.24 in 1500— John McDevitt, 1683. 
10.00 in 1500, push and masse barred — Dudley Kavanagh, 1862. 



BEST RUNS ON 6x12 SIX-POCKET TABLE, 

177 by Dudley Kavanagh, 157 by John Seereiter, and 129 by Michael 
Phelan, all in 1859. 

90, push and masse barred — Michael Foley, 1862. 

BEST AVERAGES ON 6x12 FOUR-POCKET TABLE. 

8.40 in 1000, push and jaw barred — Michael Phelan, 1864. 
166.67 (by jawing and pushing) — John McDevitt, 1868. 



BEST RUNS ON 6x12 FOUR-POCKET. 

56, push and jaw barred — Michael Phelan, 1864. 
1483, by jawing and pushing — John McDevitt, 1868. 



BEST AVERAGES ON A 5^x11 FOUR-POCKET. 

42.86 in 1200, push and jaw barred— Frank Parker, 1870. 



BEST RUNS ON A 5^x11 FOUR-POCKET. 

492, push and jaw barred — Melvin Foster, 1869. 
327, push and jaw barred — Maurice Daly, 1871. 
315, push and jaw barred— J. Dion and A. P. Rudolphe, 1870. 



BEST AVERAGES ON A CAROM TABLE. 

15.38 in 1200, push and crotch barred, size 6x12 — Victor Estephe, 1865. 

25.00 in 1500, push barred, crotching allowed, but none done, size 5^x11, 
2j\ balls — Dudley Kavanagh, 1865. 

39.47 in 750, push barred, but average due to crotching, 5-Jxll, 2 T 5 H balls 
—J. Dion, 1866. 

33.33 in 1500, crotch barred, push allowed, 6x12 — E. H. Nelms, 1867. 

1000 in 1000, push and crotch allowed, 5£xll — Melvin Foster, 1869. 

32.26 in 1000, push allowed, crotch barred, 5^x11 table, $500 a side— W. 
W. Wright, Virginia City, N. T., December 11, 1868. Loser, C. A. W. Jami- 
son, who was given odds of discount, averaged 51.23 in his total of 1537. 

93.75 in 1500, 5^x11, crotch barred— M. Daly, 1871. 



BEST RUNS ON CAROM TABLE 

543, crotching barred, push allowed, 6x12 — E. H. Nelms, 1867. 

297, by crotching on a 5^x11— J. Dion, 1866. 

1000 (whole game), by pushing and crotching, 5^x11 — Melvin Foster, 1869. 



BEST AVERAGE IN TOURNAMENT. 

100 in 300, 5^x11 four-pocket, no restrictions — M. Foster, 1867. 

Note. — No account has been taken here of either tournament games or 
matches on any table smaller than a 5£xll, which was the first-class pro- 
fessionals' limit. 



REGULAR THREE-BALL CAROMS. 



[Unless otherwise stated, all play was with 2f balls, and, with but few 
exceptions, on a Phelan & Collender, a Collender or a Brunswick-Balke- 
Collender Co. 5x10 carom table, crotching not barred until 1870.] 

Abbreviations. — This succession — Player, 250 — 10. — 54; Player, 212 — 
09 — stands for winner's total, average, and high run, and loser's total and 
high run. 

1862. 

First Public Match. Louis Fox, of Rochester vs. John Deery, of 
N. Y. City, $250 a side, 250 points up, 6x12 four-pocket table, 
was the first match made at this game with any idea of playing it in 
public. It was set for Buffalo, N. Y., but the Deery side forfeited 
on November 7th. 



1§64. 

First Technically Public Contest. Irving Hall, N. Y. City, after- 
noon of April 8th. — $250 a side, 6x12 four-pocket table, in aid of 
the Workingwomen's Protective Union. Peter D. Braisted, Jr., 100; 
Wm. H. Freeman, 79. Players were not of the first class, and hence 
runs and averages were not tallied for publication. 

There had, of course, been many earlier match-contests, both 
amateur and professional; but those and scores of others before 
them were of the nature of billiard-room contests, with the exception 
that Michael Phelan and Ralph Benjamin's in Philadelphia, in 1857, 
was a formal match, although not public, each principal being limited 
to a certain number of friends as spectators. 



1865. 

First Formal Public Contest. Gallaher's Hall, N. Y. City, 
October 5th. — First of the three-game match (see Four-ball for 
others), $1,000 a side, 5^x11 carom, 2-^g- balls. Pierre Carme, 
from France: Total, 250 — winning average, 2.48 — high run, 19; 
Dudley Kavanagh, 224 — 15. [Note. — This is the order of all matches, 
the loser's average being omitted as not a technical record.] 

The table was a compromise' in height between the French and 
the American. 



1§6§. 

First Match on a 5x10 Carom. For this reason, a billiard-room 
match merits mention. This size is not known to have been used 
again in any expert match in this country until 1870. 

237 



238 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

Peter D. Braisted's Room, N. Y. City, January 21st. — $50 a side. 
Wm. N. Wickes, amateur, 150—2.86—15; Braisted, 47—5. 



Melvin Foster vs. John Deery. Irving Hall, N. Y. City, Sep- 
tember 30th.— $250 a side, 5^x11 carom. Foster, 300—2.80—40; 
D., 184—24. 

Foster vs. Joseph Dion. Academy of Music, N. Y. City, Decem- 
ber 28th. — Second game of match of three (see Four-ball for others), 
$1,000 a side, 5^x11 carom. F., 300—173—21 ; D., 296—11. Catch- 
ing the draughts and blasts from the untenanted stage, the balls were 
ice, the cues icicles, and the players paralytics in sheer numbness. 

1869. 

Foster vs. Benjamin. Braisted's Room, N. Y. City, January 6th. 
•— F. giving 150 in 300 and laying $100 to $80, 5^x11 carom. F., 
300—1.94—16; B., 131 (without odds)— 14. 

Not a record except as a match in which, for many successive 
innings, both men played alternately for " safety " without leaving 
their seats. Foster, who began it, had to quit, as he was behind, and 
the misses, if continued, would have put his opponent out. This 
contest suggested the rule of 1879, illegalizing more than two con- 
secutive misses. 



Foster vs. Deery. Irving Hall, N. Y. City, April 23d.— $250 
a side, 5£xll four-pocket. F., 300—2.80—18; D., 183—14. 



McDevitt vs. 0. Dion. Irving Hall, N. Y. City, May 10, $500, 
5£xll four-pocket. D., 300—2.03—19; McD., 299—29. 



Ralph Benjamin vs. M. H. Hewins. Town Hall, Meriden, Conn., 
November 23d.— $100 a side, 5^x11 four-pocket. B., 150; H., 132. 
On the same terms, Hewins had won in Meriden, Conn., August 21st, 
by 150 to 130, and Benjamin had won return game in Portchester, 
N. Y., October 22d, by protesting against referee's decision as to a 
shot claimed as foul (actual score, 150 to 149 in favor of Hewins). 
Best runs in the three games : B., 7, 8, and 11 ; H., 7, 10, 8. Winning 
averages, barring protested game, 1.50 each. 



1870. 

Geo. T. Stone vs. Hewins. Music Hall, New Haven, Conn., Janu- 
ary 4th. — $300 a side, Stone giving odds of 60, probably a 5£xll 
carom. S., 300—1.63—41 ; H., 267—11. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 239 

First Public Match Contest at the West. Crosby's Music Hall, 
Chicago, January 19th. — $200 a side, 5£xll carom, Frank Parker 
defeating Henry Rhines by 300 to 260. There had been an announced 
three-ball match at the West a year or so before, but it was really an 
exhibition. 

Carme vs. Henry Miller. National Theatre, New Orleans, March 
24-25th. — Two games, each $250 a side, Carme giving odds of 150. 
First game: M., 500—3.98 (in 350)— 56; C, 374—29. Second game: 
C, 500—6.49—85; M., 388—31. Table was surely no larger than 
5x10. 

J. W. Coon vs. Frank Parker. Crosby's Music Hall, Chicago, 
April 25th.— $250 a side, 5£xll carom. C, 500—2.90—24; P., 
499—17. 

First Three-ball State Championship. Assembly Rooms, Phila- 
delphia, April 25-30th. — First tournament for championship of 
Pennsylvania, 5^x11 carom. E. J. Plunkett, 6 — 0; E. H. Nelms, 
5—1; Wm. Rockhill, 4—2; James Palmer, 3—3; Robt. Hunter, 
2 — 4; McAlier, 1 — 5; Doyle, — 6. Prizes — 1st., cue and billiard- 
table; 2d, $150; third, $70. 

Plunkett vs. Nelms. — Same hall, January 18, 1872. — First match 
for champion cue. N., 200 — av., 2— run, 22; P., 168—18. 



Michael Honohan vs. Abraham Bassford. Crosby's Music Hall, 
Chicago.— $100 a side, 5x10 carom. H., 300—2.63—17 ; B., 191—17. 



First Known Case of Crotching Barred. Crosby's Music Hall, 
Chicago, October 19th. — $250 a side, 5^x11 carom, c. b. Frank 
Parker and Henry Rhines, 400—3.07 and 2.54—19 and 17; Peter 
Snyder and John W. Coon, 264 — 2.26 and 1.51—13 and 12. 

As far back as 1860-1, a run of 40 had been crotched (or jawed, in 
fact), in a non-public match at the three-ball game; and that crotch- 
ing was not specifically barred before 1870 was because, until small 
tables came into vogue, it was theoretically twice as hard to get the 
crotch at three-ball caroms as at four-ball, and practically much 
harder. 

1871. 

[In this and all later years, table a 5x10 carom, with crotch barred, unless 
mentioned differently.] 

First Match on a 5x10 Between First-Class Players. Piatt's Hall, 
San Francisco, January 12th.— $500 a side. J. Dion, 500—3.60—46; 
Deery, 474—37. 



240 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



January 26th, same hall and stake, Dion giving odds of 100. 
Deery, 600—3.73 (in 500)— 57; Dion, 479—42. 

February 9th, same place and stake, Dion now giving 50. Deery, 
600—5.98 (in 550)— 83; Dion, 491—25. 

These were the first public three-ball contests at odds between 
first-class players, and the odds was always marked up at the start 
of the game, instead of, as usual now, one man's going to 500 against 
the other's 600. Practically, or temperamentally, there is often a 
difference between ways that theoretically seem the same. 



Rudolphe vs. Gamier. Apollo Hall, N. Y. City, January 21st. — 
$500 a side, 5^x11 carom, crotch not barred, but no crotching, 
Gamier receiving odds of 15 per cent. Rudolphe, 600 — 5.46 — 72; 
G., 510—28. 



C. Dion vs. Daniels. Bumstead Hall, Boston, January 24th. — 
$250 a side, 5^x11 carom, no bar. Dion won by 300 to 131, with 
38 against 12 for best run. 



First Professional Tournament at Three-ball Game, and Also 
First Championship of the Northwest. Chicago, February 2-28th. — 
Games 300 points, balls 2-fe. Playing off, Foley beat Pearce, 
and Coon both Pearce and Foley. Six games apiece. 



W. 

H. Rhines 5 

J. W. Coon 4 

T. Foley 4 

P. J. Pearce 4 



R. 


Av. 


34 


4.84 


3fi 


4.41 


32 


4.55 


23 


3. 



W. . R. Av. 

J. Vermeulen 3 30 3.75 

A. Le Brun 1 18 2.88 

H. Liverman 29 



The 2-,% ball had not been used in tournament before, and has 
been availed of in but one since. It makes " position draws " harder, 
and failures easier by an eighth of an inch. Yet it made less differ- 
ence then than it would make now. There was but one match. 

RHINES VS. COON.— Crosby's Music Hall, Chicago, May 27th.— 
$250 a side, same balls. R., 400—4.82—54; C, 295—18. 



Coon vs. Gamier. Same hall as above, March 8th. — $200, 5^x11 
carom. C, 600 (odds of 100)— 4.76 in 500—58; G., 522—35. 



Coon vs. Parker. Same hall and table, March 11th. — $500. C. 
400—3.48—22; P., 320—29. 



Parker vs. Rhines. Same hall and table, March 22d. — $500. 
P., 400—2.44—26; R., 369—29. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 241 

C. Dion vs. Deery. Piatt's Hall, San Francisco, April 7th.— 
$500 a side. Dion, 500—6.41—58; Deery, 476—73. 



J. Dion vs. Rudolphe. Congress Hall, San Francisco, April 17th. — 
Third and last of three games (see Four-ball Game for both that 
style and English billiards for $1,000 apiece). D., 500 — 4.72 — (run 
not recorded); R., 472—69. 



Daly vs. Rhines. Brooklyn Hall, Brooklyn, N. Y., November 
6th.— $500 a side. Daly, 500—4.27—44; R., 397—58. 



First Triple-figure Runs. National Theatre, New Orleans, 
November 20th, 22d, 25th. — Separate games, $500 apiece, crotch 
probably not barred. Joseph Dion won by 500 to 479, 365, and 
268, including odds of 150 received invariably by Henry Miller. 
Winner's averages: 4.95, 6.85, and 8.94. Best runs per game: D., 
48, 105, 107; M., 29, 23, 11. [In this city, January 16, 1872, C. Dion 
ran 109, mainly in the crotch of a 5x10; but as a billiard-room match 
it was not a record.] 



First Double-figure Average. Corinthian Hall, Titusville, Pa., 
December 7th.— $250 a side. Gamier, 500—10.42—80; Daly, 
233—27. 



1872. 

Gamier and Rhines vs. Deery and Parker. Orpheus Hall, 
Chicago, May 25th.— $250 a side. G. and R., 336 and 164 (500)— 7 
and 3.49—82 and 27; D. and P., 181 and 191 (372)— 3.85 and 4.07— 
32 and 46. 



Parker vs. Rhines. Orpheus Hall, Chicago, July 1st. — $500 a 
side, 5x10 carom. P., 500—4.94—44; R., 359—27. 



Daly vs. Deery. Irving Hall, N. Y. City, September 3d and 
13th.— Match of 500 and 600 points, each for $1,000 a side, c. b. 
Resulted from match for $250 a side, played July 25th in the private 
room at Chris. O'Connor's, Daly then winning by 500 to 455, aver- 
aging 4, and running 56 against 31. September 3d: Daly, 500 — 
6.94—59; Deery, 292—41. September 13th: Daly, 600—6.25—54; 
Deery, 406—63. 



242 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



1873. 

Francois Ubassy vs. Henry Miller and John Bessunger. In 
Harmony Hall, New Orleans, and in Nixon's Amphitheatre and the 
Globe Theatre, Chicago, Ubassy gave odds varying from " discount " 
to 200 in 600 and 300 in 800, in April, May, and June. The half 
dozen contests were of importance chiefly by reason of Ubassy's 
runs and averages. The highest of the former were 117 and 116; 
of the latter, 15.79 in 300 in New Orleans and 17.78 in 800 in Chicago. 



Amateur Championship of Louisiana. New Orleans, May 12th to 
28th. — Tournament of 200-point games on a 4^x9 carom table. This 
series was so called not so much because quite all the contestants 
were clearly non-professionals as for the reason that any professional 
championship at that precise time would have fallen to either Henry 
Miller or his brother John, then first and second best players in the 
State. All matches of the new series were 300 up, on a 4^x9 table, 
for a stake of $100 a side, and played in New Orleans. Record of 
tournament, four games apiece: 



W. 

F. Maggioli 4 

L. Abrams 3 

A. Coste 2 



R. 

22 
43 
34 



Av. 

4.17 

5.88 

*4.57 



W. R. 

J. Cochran 1 20 

C. Blanchard 38 



Av. 

2.78 



*A losing average. 



From June 10th of this year until July 14, 1874, there were a 
dozen or two matches, Maggioli, Abrams and Choate taking turns 
as champions. Ultimately, the emblem became Maggioli's per- 
menently. The highest run of the series was 60, and the highest 
average 12, both by Maggioli. 



First Championship of the World. Irving Hall, N. Y. City, 
June 23-30th. — First first-class professional tournament anywhere 
at three-ball caroms. Games, five apiece, 300 points. This tourna- 
ment made the 5x10 carom table, bar crotch (4'£ in. in all directions 
from the cushion- junction), the standard. Gamier and C. Dion 
first and second after playing off. 

W. H.R. Av. G.A. W. H.R. Av. G.A. 

Gamier 4 113 12. 9.32 Ubassy 2 98 17.65 8.53 

C.Dion 4 77 10.75 7.57 J.Dion 1 64 10. 5.60 

Daly 4 62 9.68 7.01 Deery 79 6.08 

Average of tournament, 7.89. 

All matches were for the Challenge Cup and $1,000 a side, and all 
but the last were played in Tammany Hall, N. Y. City. 

GARNIER VS. C. DION. December 2d.— G., 600—10—68; 
D., 480—61. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 243 

GARNIER VS. UBASSY. January 30, 1874.— G., 600—8.70— 
108; U., 460—50. 

GARNIER VS. DALY. April 3, 1874.— G., 600—12.77—75; 
D., 380—62. 

GARNIER VS. RUDOLPHE. December 10, 1874.— R., 600— 
14.63—161; G., 387— 101. 

RUDOLPHE VS. MAURICE VIGNAUX. February 22, 1875.— 
V., 600—10.17—60; R., 556—58. 

VIGNAUX VS. SEXTON. Grand Hotel, Paris, France, March 3, 
1876.— V., 600—19.35; S., 459— run, 129. 



Jacob Schaefer's Public Debut. Washington Hall, Indianapolis, 
July 25th.— Purse game. Schaefer, 300—4.84—38 ; Parker A . Byers, 
183 — 20. He had also pursed two weeks before, Jacob Garratt 
beating him by 1000 to 932; but it was at the four-ball game, and in 
Garratt's Indianapolis billiard-room. 



First Championship of Pacific Coast. Mercantile Library Hall, 
San Francisco, August 25-30, 1873. — Tournament for championship, 
a silver cup and $650. Games, 200 points, six apiece. Mott won 
play-off. 



W. 

W. W. Wright 2 

J. W. Little 1 

L. W. Perkins 1 



R. 


Av. 


32 


2.73* 


26 


2.90 


23 


2.53* 



W. R. Av. 

J. McCleery 6 31 3.39 

Tony Kraker 5 30 4.65 

J. H.Mott, Jr 3 32 3.92 

Wm. Terrell 3 18 2.79 

*Losing averages. 
Slosson and Schaefer's First Meeting. October 5, 1873, 
Indianapolis, $100 a side, was the first meeting between a pair that 
have met oftener in public than any other two. Slosson, 500 — 5.32 — 
35; Schaefer, 321—45. 

Slosson vs. Daly. Kingsbury Hall, Chicago, November 8th. — 
$500 a side, Daly giving odds of 100. S., 600—5.68 (in 500); D., 
593—44. r _ 

Chicago's First First-Class Tournament. Kingsbury Hall, 
November 10-21st. — Aggregate, $3,100 in cash prizes, seven 400- 
point games apiece. Gamier and Daly won in playing off. Average 
of tournament, 6.46. 



W. R. Av. G.A. 

Gamier 6 82 17.35 9.88 

Ubassy 6 69 12.90 7.98 

C, Dion 5 86 8.52 6.56 

Daly 4 153 12.12 7.44 



W. R. Av. G.A. 

J. Dion 4 124 7.18* 5.60 

Slosson 2 68 9.09 6.53 

Bessunger 1 71 7.28* 5.66 

Snyder 48« 3.72 



*The 7.18 and 7.28 were not winning averages. 



244 MODERN BILLIAEDS. 

In tabulating this tournament originally, the mistake was made 
of including the tie or extra games. Omitting them makes a slight 
difference in the general averages of Gamier, Ubassy and Daly, but 
none at all in J. Dion's. 



First Three-ball Championship of Massachusetts. Boston, clos- 
ing December 5, 1873. Three prizes for place, and one for high run. 
Five games apiece. 



W. R. Av. G. A. 

J. Hickey 4 34 6.67 3.74 

F. Dennison 3 45 3.08 2.80 

C. E. Wilson 3 51 4. 2.76 



W. R. Av. G. A. 

J. Peck 2 22 2.06* 2.27 

Lon Morris 2 37 3.77 2.80 

D. T. Pulsifer ... 1 24 2.60 2.30 



*The 2.06 was a losing average. 

Match-stake was $200, but there was only one contest — Bumstead 
Hall, Boston, January 7, 1874. Hickey, 400—3.40—22; Dennison, 
323 — 26. On March 3 following, when there was no challenge out- 
standing, H. resigned emblem to Massachusetts Billiard Congress. 

Tournament at Two Different Games. (See Four-ball Game, 
1874, for one.) New Orleans, April 6-30th. — 200 points up, for 
three prizes. Called an amateur tournament. Hoa won play-off. 





W. 


R. 


Av. G. A. 




W. 


R. 


Av. G. A. 


H. Miller .... 


... 5 


58 


9.52 5.37 


A. Coste . . . . 


. .. 3 


33 


4. 3.03 


A. Hoa 


...4 


48 


5.55 3.93 


L. Abrams . . 


. .. 1 


27 


4.65 3.60 


J.Miller 


...4 


29 


3.88 3.20 


C. Quaid 


. . . 1 


32 


3.98* 2.68 


F. Maggioli . . 


... 3 


47 


4.08 3.34 











* Quaid's 3.98 was a losing average — beaten by one point. 

MILLER VS. HOA. New Orleans, July 1st.— M., 300—3.33—20; 
H., 285 — 29. In this match, as in the other, the stake was the cham- 
pionship and $25 a side. 

MILLER VS. MAGGIOLI. Same city, September 1st.— Mag- 
gioli, 300— 3.85— 33; Miller, 277—21. 



1§74. 

First Game of Multiple Nights in America. Fall River, Mass., 
January 19-27th. — Wm. Briggs vs. Jerry Sullivan, for championship 
of Fall River and a silver cup, played in nightly blocks. Nothing 
reported but totals and best runs. B., 1500—26; S., 1449—19. 

Multiple nights' play, since carried to an extreme in England, 
originated in France in 1867. 

First First-Class Tournament in Boston. Bumstead Hall, March 
9-1 3th. — There was a prize for every player, and there was also poor 



MODERN BILLIARDS. ( 245 

playing for every prize, Garnier's 78, 7.84 and 5.90 being best run, 
winning average and general average. This was the order of the 
prize-winners: Gamier, C. Dion, J. Dion, Ubassy, and Daly. 

Daly vs. C. Dion. Tammany Hall, N. Y. City, March 3d. — 
$1,000 a side. Daly, 600—8.95—212; Dion, 547—81. Daly here 
beat the record run, which was his own 153. 



C. Dion vs. Daly. Tammany Hall, N. Y. City, May 15th.— 
$2,000. Dion, 600—8.22—83; Daly, 578—94. 



Ubassy vs. Gamier. Same hall, May 24th. — Purse game. U. 
600—8.33—68; G., 446—61. 



Wm. M. Dodds vs. E. H. Nelms. Assembly Buildings, Phila- 
delphia, May 27th.— $250 a side, probably a 5£xll. D., 400— 
3.25—27; N., 334—28. 

Same hall, same terms, June 30th.— N., 400—3.20—48; D., 
391—31. 



Rudolphe vs. C. Dion. Tammany Hall, N. Y. City, September 
18th.— $500 a side. R., 600—12—79; D., 338—55. 

This led to a $200 " freeze-out, " $50 a game, played September 
21-22 in Tim Flynn's room, and lasting from 8.45 P.M. until 9.30 
A.M. Games (100 up) and total points: R., 13—1349; D., 9—1266. 



Rudolphe vs. Wm. Cook, Champion of England. Tammany Hall, 
N. Y. City, October 9th.— $1,000 a side, with 2 1-16 balls on an 
English six-pocket table, 6x12 inside measurement. R., 400 — 
1.96—26; C, 274—16. 



Amateur Championship of Long Island. Assembly Rooms, 
Brooklyn, N. Y., beginning October 26th. — Tournament for gold- 
mounted cue and $50 for first, and $75 apportioned as other prizes. 
Games, 200 points, with eleven entries. Samuel F. Knight and 
Joseph Pihet tied. After Knight had won the play-off, the loser 
protested on the ground that Knight, the year before, had received 
pay for marking in a professional tournament, and the cue and the 
$50 were awarded to Pihet. Later, there were half a dozen or more 
matches for the emblem, with varying results. 



246 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

First Three-ball Championship of America. Tammany Hall, 
N. Y. City, November 4-13th. — Special prizes were a gold watch 
from Capt. Freld Grote for best run, a watch from Peter Totans for 
best general average, and an emblematic gold medal from Matthew 
Delancy. There were also a number of special playing-rules, no 
one of which outlasted the championship itself. Among them was 
one to bar crotching by requiring a 5^-in. oblique line on the bed of 
the table. This had been suggested for another end in the Dion- 
Foster match in Montreal in 1869 (see " First Protest " under Four- 
ball Game). Accomplishing nothing except actually to increase 
the crotching area by an inch, this, too, was speedily abandoned, an 
imaginary line (on the principle of the spot-radius in the three-ball 
game and the " string " in the four-ball) having been sufficient ever 
since 1862. 

The tournament itself was an emphatic success, but the strange 
rules confused the public and irritated the players; and for the first 
time in a professional tournament a game was not completed, and 
for the first time, also, a referee was impelled, in self-respect, to 
vacate his office in rebuke of a player who refused to defer to the 
official ruling. It is necessary to mention the unfinished game 
(Gamier ahead of Ubassy by 274 to 246) for the reason that, as his 
general average indicates in the table below, Gamier has a total of 
but 2238, whereas, beaten only by Vignaux (11) and Daly (125), 
he should have 2264. The average of the tournament, eight games 
apiece, was 8.93. 

W. R. Av. G. A. 

Vignaux ($1,351) 7 159 16.66 10.53 

Gamier ($928.58) 6 93 18.75 11.36 

Daly ($928.58) 6 108 21.43 9.73 

J. Dion ($585.72) 5 150 25. 11. 

Rudolphe ($440.48) 4 97 15.79 9.35 

Ubassy ($127.62) 3 104 12. 7.912 

Slosson ($127.62) 3 88 11.11 7.910 

C. Dion 2 79 14.29 8.43 

Daniels 45 5.13 

All matches for $500 a side, and in Tammany Hall. 

VIGNAUX VS. J. DION. December 30, 1874.— V., 600—12.50— 
192; D., 538—64. 

VIGNAUX VS. RUDOLPHE. February 23, 1875.— V., 600— 
10.17— 60; R., 326— 58. 

VIGNAUX VS. C". DION. March 25, 1875.— V., 600—12—80; 
Dion, 543—119. 

April 26, 1875, his backers having failed to cover challenger's final 
money on time, Vignaux forfeited emblem and $250 to Gamier. 
Money was returned, but emblem was retained until, on June 12th, 
Gamier resigned it to Daly, who had challenged May 26th. 



MODERN BIILIARDS. 247 

DALY VS. C. DION. November 23, 1875.— Dion, 600—12.50— 
52; Daly, 557—104. 

Challenged by Gamier November 30th, Dion resigned the emblem 
December 14th. 

GARNIER VS. J. DION. November 16, 1876.— D., 600—8.22 
—180; G., 495—77. 

J. DION VS. SEXTON. May 31, 1877.— S., 600—12.23—247; 
D., 442 — 84. This was the first match-run to beat Daly's 212 of 
1874. Sexton seemed hopelessly behind when he made it. 

SEXTON VS. C. DION. November 13, 1877.— S., 600—11.32 
—97; D., 428—105. 

SEXTON VS. SLOSSON. June 27, 1878.— Sexton, 600—28.57— 
158; S., 338—100. 

SEXTON VS. SLOSSON. December 27, 1878.— Tenth match 
and ninth and final contest. Sexton, 600 — 20.69 — 158; Slosson, 
468—140. 



Vignaux vs. C. Dion. Tammany Hall, N. Y. City, December 8, 
1874.— $500 a side. V., 800—11.94—100; D., 772—127. 

Ubassy vs. C. Dion. Chris. O'Connor's private room, N. Y. City, 
December 15-1 6th. — $500 a side, played in two nights. U., 1000 — 
8.16— 137; D., 930— 91. 

This was the first contest of more than one night between leading 
experts in America. 



1875. 



Championship of Ohio. Cleveland, O., closing January 25th. — 
Tournament for championship of Ohio and $1000 in money. Eugene 
Carter first, T. J. Gallagher second, and Anthony Honing, John 
Bluim, John A. Thatcher, Harry Choate, Joseph Casper, W. A. 
Burchard, Martin Mullen and H. Coleman following. Stake in 
match series was $200 a side, and table a 5x10. Carter beat Gal- 
lagher by 400 to 346, March 25th, and Honing by 400 to 353, both 
in White's Hall, Toledo. In the Globe Theatre, Cleveland, October 
17, 1876, occurred the fastest game of the series, which was for $250 
a side. Gallagher, 400—17.39—76; Carter, 221—31. 



Four-handed Public Game. Tammany Hall, N. Y. City, Febn 
ruary 17th. — In aid of the Homocepathic Hospital Fund. J. and C. 
Dion, 500—15.15—36 and 56; Daly and Gamier, 354—28 and 34. 



248 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

First Avowedly Professional Use of 4£x9 Table. (It had already 
been used in declaratively amateur games in New Orleans.) Cham- 
pionship of Indiana, Indianapolis, February 23 to March 1, 1875. — 
Eight contestants. Henry Bussey was undefeated, while Parker A. 
Byers, failing to beat Bussey only, made best run, winning average, 
and general average, viz., 67 — 14.29 — 6.66. 

But one match-contest is chronicled, and in that, played in 
Turners' Hall, Indianapolis, June 24th, Byers beat Jacob Garratt, 
who had been third in tournament. B., 400—10.26—63; G., 201 
—38. 

First Undeniably Professional Match on 4^x9. Washington 
Hall, Indianapolis, March 9th. — $200 a side. Lewis Shaw, 400 — 
13.79— 51; Wm. Burleigh, 188—25. 



Slosson vs. Rhines. Warerooms of J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co., 
Chicago, March 24th. — Rhines receiving odds of 100. S., 600 — 
5.13—45; R., 579—41. 

Brooklyn's Only Professional Carom Tournament. Assembly 
(Billiard) Rooms, April l-15th. — 300-point games, for $600 (Gar- 
nier), $400 (Vignaux), $250 (J. Dion), $150 (Ubassy), and $100 
(C. Dion). Neither runs nor averages were striking. Games won 
and lost: G., 5—1; V., 4—2; J. D., U., and C. D., 3—3; Daly, 2—4; 
Rudolphe, 1 — 5. J. Dion and Ubassy won in playing off triple tie. 



Wm. Sexton's First Public Three-ball Match, Bleecker Hall, 
Albany, N. Y., April 5th.— $100 a side, c. b. S., 500 to 462 ; winning 
average, 4.32. 

Championship of Northwestern and Southwestern States. Ware- 
rooms of J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co., Chicago, April 12— 24th.— 
200-point games. Prizes show outcomes of play-offs, every one of 
the twelve but Miller, Maggioli and Honing having tied. Average of 
tournament, 5.36. General averages of Gallagher and Burleigh 
parallel Ubassy and Slosson's in 1874 for closeness. 

W. R. Av. G. A. 

H. Miller ($500) 9 50 6.90 5.20 

W. Burleigh ($400) 8 117 11.04* 6.961 

H. Rhines ($300) 8 100 11.11 5.25 

Lannie McAfee ($250) 7 76 10.53 6.98 

E. Carter ($175) 7 84 22.22 7.22 

T.J.Gallagher ($125) 7 94 11.11 6.962 

L. Shaw 6 86 10.53 5.62 

F. Parker 6 94 8.18 5.57 

F. Maggioli 4 83 9.09 4.53 

A. Honing 2 44 8. 4.96 

H. Liverman 1 34 6.06 3.78 

A. Hoa 1 34 5.94 3.45 

*Hoa's 5.94 was a loser, and so were Burleigh's 11.04 and Parker's 8.18. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 249 

MILLER VS. RHINES. Academy of Music, New Orleans, 
July 8th. — First match for championship and $500, M., 500 — 
5.49—32; R., 304—60. 

MILLER VS. MAGGIOLI. Same hall, September 9th.— Mag- 
gioli, 500— 5.68— 73; Miller, 354—36. 

MAGGIOLI VS. BURLEIGH. Oddfellows' Hall, New Orleans, 
December 9th.— B., 500—9.43—69; M., 365—33. 

BURLEIGH VS. SHAW. Chicago, February 19, 1876. S., 
500—8.62—67; B., 485—87. 

As a changeful championship, this has always stood unmatched. 
No one man won two successive contests. 



Gamier vs. Vignaux. Tammany Hall, April 28, 1875. — $500 a 
side, c. b. G., 600—13.04—90; V., 258—33. 



Garratt vs. Choate. Academy of Music, Cincinnati, July 29th. — 
$250 a side, c. b. G., 400—6.90—75; C, 304—27. 



Anthony Kraker vs. Deery. Palace Amphitheatre, San Fran- 
cisco, August 14th.— $1,000, c. b. K., 600—5.77—38; D., 598—48. 



" The Gamier Tournament." Tammany Hall, N. Y. City, 
November 15-22d. — For a purse of $3,000, presented by the late 
George L. Lorillard through Albert Garnier; 300-point games. Ties 
for third, fourth, and fifth prizes were not played off, the aggregate 
$1,000 being divided equally. The tournament stands alone not 
only because its winner's general average is surpassed by those of 
four out of his six competitors, but also because his best single 
average is lower than that of any other player who won one or more 
games. Average of tournament (six games apiece), 9.81. 

W. R. Av. G. A. 

J. Dion ($1,500 5 122 14.29 9.43 

C. Dion ($1,000) 6 89 30. 10.78 

A. Gamier ($333) 3 119 30. 11.13 

G. F.Slosson ($333) 3 104 16.67 8.60 

Wm. Sexton ($333) 3 136 15. 10.96 

M.Daly 2 124 23.08 12.32 

A. P. Rudolphe 67 6.75 

Schaefer vs. A. Kraker. About this year, Schaefer played and 
won a $500 match in Virginia City, N. T. (we think, having no record 
but memory), averaging 12 or 12.50 in 500 or 600, which was high for 
that region, high for himself, and high for his surroundings, un- 
secreted pistols stimulating him to unusual efforts. 



250 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

1876. 

Shaw vs. Carter. Adelphi Theatre, Toledo, January 7th. — $500, 
4}x9, c. b. S., 500—15.13—108; C, 311—89. 

Rudolphe vs. Daniels. Bumstead Hall, Boston, January 20th. — 
$500, 5x10, R. giving odds of 150. R., 600—13.04—68; D., 426— 
44. This match came of a billiard-room encounter between the 
pair in N. Y. City, Daniels receiving odds then, also, and losing. 



Sexton vs. Slosson. Tammany Hall, N. Y. City, January 27th. — 
$1,000. Sexton, 600—15.38—73; Slosson, 482—110. It was this" 
match, with its high winning average, that determined the choice of 
Sexton over Slosson to go to Paris as challenger of Vignaux to the 
last game for the first world's championship, which see under 1873. 



Schaefer's First Public Match in the East. Ford's Opera-house, 
Washington, D. C, April 26th. — Announced as for $2,500 a side. 
Lewis Shaw, 600—10.72—69; Jacob Schaefer, 547—76. It was 
because of Shaw's victory that he, instead of Schaefer, was admitted 
to the Centennial Tournament of May following. 



Centennial Tournament. Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia, May 
15-27th. — 300-point games. This tournament took its rise in a 
purse of $1,000 proffered by Frank Queen, editor of the New York 
Clipper, to whichever billiard manufacturer should add most. 
H. W. Collender added $4,000. J. Dion, Daly, and Rudolphe 
played off their ties in Irving Hall, this city, June 5, 6, 7, with the 
results shown here in apportioning the prizes. Nine games apiece. 
Average of tournament, 10.07. 

W. R. Av. G. A. 

Wm. Sexton ($2,000) 8 287* 60.* 14.73* 

A. Gamier ($1,200) 7 176 37.50 13.78 

G. F. Slosson ($800) 6 103 21.43 13.48 

J. Dion ($600) 5 106 50. 14.26 

M. Daly ($400) 5 153 23.08 13.04 

A. P. Rudolphe 5 175 23.08 12.66 

J. Bessunger 4 91 12.50 7.83 

C. Dion 3 86 15.79 8.72 

L. Shaw 1 62 6.98 7.26 

M.Foster x 79 6.38 7.29 

♦Beating record — Daly's 212, Gamier and C. Dion's 30 and Daly's 12.32. 

The runs of 251 and 287 by Sexton were the first public exhibitions of 
straightforward railing (term shortened to "straight rail"). Before that, 
playerc hugged the rail, or cushion, by close nursing, not going far forward, 
and especially aiming to keep near a corner. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 251 

First of Long Games in Tournaments. Irving Hall, N. Y. City, 
June 8- 16th. — $1,500 in prize-money, 600-point games, one a night, 
instead of two short ones. In playing off ties, Rudolphe averaged 
25 and ran 127 against Sexton, while Slosson against Gamier ran 
311, thus beating record, which was Sexton's 287. Average of 
tournament was the high one of 15.88. Garnier's 17.84 eclipsed the 
general-average record, which was Sexton's 14.73. 

W. R. Av. G.A. 

Rudolphe 2 102 21.43 16.71 

Sexton 2 125 20. 14.56 

Gamier 1 121 22.22 17.84 

Slosson 1 152 20.81* 14.66 

♦Either losing average or error. 



Daly vs. 0. Dion. Tammany Hall, N. Y. City, June 12-1 5th. — 
Five nights for $200 a side, c. b. Dion, 2000—12.99—121; Daly, 
1141—128. 



The Only First-class Tournament in California. Piatt's Hall, 
San Francisco, July 31st to August 4th. — 600-point games for an- 
nounced $3,000 in prize-money. Average of tournament, 17.44. 
Ties not played off. 

W. R. Av. G.A. 

Gamier 2 139 21.43 15.47 

Sexton 2 120 19.35 16.16 

Slosson 2 230 20. 18.80 

Daly 184 14.29 

Slosson's general average of 18.80 surpasses Garnier's New York 
record of 17.84. The two tournaments themselves were record- 
beaters for coincidences. They were the first with long games at 
three-ball caroms, 600 points in each, and neither came anywhere 
near paying expenses. The single averages of the winners-in-chief 
in the two cities were precisely the same (21 .43) in exactly the same 
number of games. Finally, the player who had made the highest 
single average in New York made the highest in San Francisco also. 



Daly vs. Slosson. August 12, same hall and c. b. game as fore- 
going.— $500 a side. D., 600—13.95—153; S., 364—47. 

Louisiana Championship. No record of tournament, if there 
was one. A change seemingly made to 5x10 table. 



252 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



New Orleans, June 6th, first match, stake $50 a side. Louis 
Abrams, already champion, 300 to Chas. Quaid's 143, winner's 
average and best run being 8.33 and 50. 

August 4th, Abrams, 300—5.88—55; John Miller's total, 249. 

October 4th, Henry Miller, 300—6—63; Abrams, 244—23. 

December 4th, Maggioli, 300—10.71—58; H. Miller, 253—61. 

This was the sixth match, and seems to have been the last. 



Schaefer's First Tournament. Tammany Hall, N. Y. City, 
November 20-28th. — Four money-prizes, aggregating $1,500, 300- 
point games on the usual 5x10, but with 2 5-16 balls. Slosson having 
gone South, but one tie game was played, and that, increased to 600 
points, was won by J. Dion, who also received the special prize (a 
billiard-table) for best general average. Six games apiece, averaging 
9.30, a drop due less to lesser runs on balls together than to missing 
on smaller balls far apart. 

W. R. Av. G. A. 

J.Dion ■. 4 195 17.65 10.94 

Rudolphe 4 134 21.43 10.04 

Slosson 4 122 16.70* 9.73 

Gamier 3 181 16.67 8.71 



W. R. Av. G. A. 

Daly 2 123 11.54 9.34 

C.Dion 2 136 13.67* 8.79 

Schaefer 2 155 12.50 7.60 



* Losing averages. 



First Public Handicap Tourney at Game. Begun in Academy of 
Music, Cleveland, O., December 27th.— A Honing (275), $250; f. J. 
Gallagher (350), $200; J. Randolph Heiser (275L $150; Eugene 
Carter (300), $100. J. A. Thatcher (275) was the other competitor. 



1877. 



Sexton vs. Slosson. Globe Theatre, New Orleans, January 5th, 
6th, 7th.— 5x10, c. b., $200 a side. Sexton, 1800—24.32—417; 
Slosson, 976 — 172. Winner's run and average surpassed previous 
records. 



Schaefer's Second Tournament. Mechanics' Hall, Utica, N. Y., 
beginning March 20th. — 300-point games, c. b. John Bessunger, 
$400, in addition to a gold-mounted cue for best general average; 
T. J. Gallagher (beaten by Bessunger in play-off), $250; Wm. Bur- 
leigh, $150; Jacob Schaefer, $125; and Eugene Carter (beat Chas. 
Knight in play-off), $75. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 253 



1878. 

Four Pirstrplace Ties Out of Seven Players. Championship of 
Chicago, January 7th to February 4th. — 300-point games. Henry 
Rhines ($150), Frank Parker ($100), Albert Hoa ($50), and M. 
Honahan ($25) had to play off, result being as given above. Peter 
Snyder, Ben Saylor, and Chas. P. Miller were the remaining con- 
testants. 

RHINES VS. PARKER. Same qity, April 11th.— Championship 
and $200. Parker, 500—4.95—65 ; R., 449—36. 



First First-class Tourney in New Orleans. January 10-19th, 
c. b., for $1,000 in prizes. Ties resulted in the precedence here 
given. Sexton topped Slosson's San Francisco general average. 



W. R. Av. G. A. 

Sexton 4 297 30. 22.37 

Slosson 2 173 23.08 16.80 

Rudolphe 2 134 24. 15.07 



W. R. Av. G. A. 

M. Daly 1 136 20. 15.07 

C.Dion 1 145 19.35 13.91 



Average of tournament, 17.25. 



Sexton vs. C. Dion. St. Charles Theatre, New Orleans, Feb- 
ruary 5th. — $2,000 a side, c. b., Sexton giving odds of 200. S., 
1000—27.78—228; Dion, 765 (with odds)— 94. 

Indiana Championship. Washington Hall, March 18-23d. — 
Probably a 4£x9 table, c. b. P. A. Byers, gold badge and a Bruns- 
wick-Balke billiard-table; J. Randolph Heiser, $100; Henry Bussey, 
$60; and Jacob Garratt, $40. The best run (116) was made by 
Bussey, and the best single average (30) by Heiser. The other com- , 
petitors were Geo. Morris, J. R. Seaman, A. Hawkins, and C. E. 
Carney. 

Challenged by Bussey and receiving forfeit on May 23d, Byers 
resigned the championship emblem to the State Association. 



St. Louis Handicap. Chas. E. Mussey's Room, March 21-28th. — 
600 points up, c. b., for money-prizes aggregating $400. G. F. 
Slosson, C. Dion and J. Schaefer were at "scratch," T. J. Gallagher 
received 10 per cent., and Wayman C. McCreery 20 per cent. Schaefer 
beat Dion, Slosson beat Schaefer, McCreery beat Slosson, and Gal- 
lagher-beat McCreery. In beating Dion in the play-off, Schaefer 
ran 429, eclipsing Sexton's match-run of 417. (This led to the match 



254 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



next below.) Average of tournament proper, 14.79 (four games 
apiece). 

W. R. Av. G. A. 

Schaefer ($200)... 3 327 66.67 27.97 

C.Dion ($125) 3 194 13.04 12.27 

Slosson ($75)... .. 2 288 37.50 14.25 



W. R. Av. G. A. 
Gallagher ... 1 182 19.35 12.73 
McCreery ... 1 88 17.78 12.38 



Schaefer Forfeits to Sexton. Match of three games, 1000 points 
each in New York, Chicago and St. Louis, for $2,000 a side, highest 
aggregate score to decide. Schaefer side incurred forfeit through 
failure to make the final deposit, July 3d. 

First 1000 Points in a Night. Three-ball. Turner's Hall, 
Chicago, November 20th.— $500 a side. Slosson, 1000—25.64— 
293; Schaefer, 739—217. 

1879. 

Second Championship of the World. Cooper Institute, N. Y. 
City, January 23d to February 10th. — Tournament for the J. M. 
Brunswick & Balke Co.'s emblem and $2,100 in cash, 600-point 
games. Slosson had the highest run by 19 per cent., and the best 
general average by 25 per cent.; but it was against him that Daly 
made the best run of his life, and his defeat of Slosson placed the 
latter in a position from which he could extricate himself only by 
vanquishing Schaefer twice. Instead, Schaefer beat him at once 
(600 to 571 in seven innings), after it had seemed almost certain that 
Slosson would win in five or six innings, and by about 600 to 200. 
There was only one play-off, Sexton beating Daly. The seven games 
apiece averaged 16.10, which, while lower than the figures of earlier 
tournaments, was yet higher, than the general averages of all the 
contestants in this one but Slosson, Schaefer, and Daly. Only half 
the single averages in the appended table, viz., those of Schaefer, 
Daly, Gallagher, and Rudolphe, are winning ones. This proved to 
be the last tournament at the regular three-ball game to command 
the presence of first-class experts in America. 

W. R. Av. G. A. 

Schaefer ($1,000) 7 376 85.71 28.19 

Slosson ($600) 5 464 81.57 37.60 

Sexton ($300) 4 214 45. 14.86 

Daly ($200) 4 370 30. 18.76 

Gamier 3 220 36.75 14.67 

Gallagher 3 187 20. 13.89 

Rudolphe 1 159 15. 10.52 

Heiser 1 . 158 12.26 8.44 

There was but one match for this championship, together with a 
money-stake of $1,000 a side. It occurred in McCormack's Hall, 
Chicago, May 15th. Schaefer, 1000—333.33—690; Slosson, 44—21. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



255 



Last First-class Professional Tournament. It was also the first 
tournament in France. Cercle Internationale, Paris, May 5-10th. — 
Games 600 up, on a J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co.'s 5x10 carom, for 
a championship emblem and other prizfes. Triple tie not played off. 





V. 


P. 


D. 


G. 


Gen. 
average 


M. Vignaux 




600 
23.08 
183 


600 
46.15 
308 


600 

25 

184 


24.05 






L. Piot 


308 




600 

18.18 

93 


288 


13.90 




60 


62 




M. Daly 


270 


555 




600 
27.27 
155 


19.78 




73 


182 






413 


600 
22.22 
184 


392 




22.46 




iis 


71 





Last First-class Professional Match in America. Madison Square 
Garden, N. Y. City, October 23-25th — 1000 points nightly, $2,000 a 
side. Schaefer, 3000—41.62—427; Slosson, 2604—365. 



18§0. 

Last First-class Match Anywhere. Salle Cremorne, Paris, 
April 10-14th— $500 a side. Vignaux, 4000—80—1531; Slosson, 
3118—1103. 



Championship of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, beginning Decem- 
ber 4th. — Games, 300 up. Ed. McLaughlin, E. H. Nelms, V. Estephe 
and Wm. M. Dodds prize-winners. 

B.-B.-C. Co.'s First Tournament on Pacific Coast. San Francisco, 
Cal., about 1880-81. — To write from memory, it was won by W. J. 
Lowry, one of whose strongest competitors was an Eastern amateur, 
who was persuaded into participating while on a visit to that city. 



Spotting at Fifty. C. E. Mussey's Room, St. Louis, March 
20-27th, five days' play, Wayman C. McCreery giving the odds, 



256 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

for $100 a side, of spotting at 50 to W. H. Catton's 60. McC., 3000; 
C, 2771. 

This method of repressing straight-rail nursing had been, tested 
in a six-handed handicap tournament at Mussey's in the prior 
February, the winner being Louis Reed, who spotted at 50, Catton 
(35) taking second prize, and Leon Magnus (50) the third. 



1883. 

St. Louis Handicap. Mussey's, February 3d to March 10th. — 
Seven entries, of whom Gallagher (650) and Catton (500) tied on 
5 — 1 each, without playing off. Highest run and best winning average 
were Gallagher's 332 and 46.44. 



Championship of Pacific Coast and $500. Mechanics' Pavilion, 
San Francisco, September 25-30th— Ben Saylor, 2500—10.91 — 191 ; 
J. F. B. McCreery, 1783—112. 



Ed. McLaughlin vs. Randolph Heiser. Assembly Buildings, 
Philadelphia, December 12th. — First of match of three games (see 
Balkline and Champion's Game for the others) for $250 a side each. 
McL., 1000—71.43—805 (finish); H., 134— run, 119. 



1884. 

Maggioli vs. Edward Dawson. Theatre, Mobile, Ala., July 8th. — 
$500 a side, 4£x9. M., 1000—13.51—170; D., 789—148. 



Maggioli vs. Harry Cole. Casino Hall, San Antonio, Tex., Octo- 
ber 24-26th.— $500 a side, 4^x9. M., 3000—71.43—833; C, 2383— 
854. They played in Galveston on January 4th, 1885, and Cole 
won the $500 by 1000 to 254, averaging 66.67, and running 507. 



First of 1500 Points a Night. Central Music Hall, Chicago, 
December 19-20th.— $1,000 a side. W. H. Catton, 3000—31.58— 
933; Edward McLaughlin, 2307 — 942. These are the largest runs 
in this country in a stake game on a 5x10 table. 



1885. 

Ben Saylor vs. Lon Morris. San Francisco, April 22d. — $125 a 
side, Morris discounting. S., 1000—27.77—101; Morris had 470 
left— best runs, 554 and 289. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



257 



Eugene Carter vs. Harvey McKenna. Frasheim Hall, Cleveland. 
O., May 12-13th.— $1,000 a side, 5x10. C, 3000—26.79—289'; 
McK., 2288—417. 



Championship of Dakota and $200. Mitchell, December 27th. 
L. E. Stern defeated Max Shauer. 



18§6. 

W. D. Emery vs. Lansing W. Perkins. Hershey's Music Hall, 
Chicago, February 18th.— $500 a side. E., 800—7.16—87; P., 
775—75. 



Amateur Handicap Annuals. Maurice Daly's Assembly Rooms, 
Brooklyn, N. Y., March 20th. — Commencement of annual tourna- 
ments for jeweled prizes. Eight contestants. Orville Oddie, Jr., 
won the one-carat diamond stud, having incidentally made highest 
run (75) and single winning average (12). In tournament of Novem- 
ber 8th to 24th, he was awarded another diamond stud, winning 
6 — 1, and again making highest run (130) and single average (18.18). 



1§§7. 

Amateur Match for $3,000. N. Y. Racquet Club, April 15-20th.— 
300 points a night. Dr. G. L. Knapp, 1500 — 4.15 — 76; Alexander 
Morten, 1383—52. 



500 or No Count. Grand Rapids, Mich., May 21st — Game of 
1000 points, $50 a side. McKenna, 1000; Wm. Burleigh, 143. 
Numerically, this is the largest odds ever known to have been given 
to one of Burleigh's speed. 



First Amateur Championship of America. May 23-28th. — 
N. Y. Racquet Club tournament for a silver tankard valued at $500. 
Five games apiece, 300 points up. Messrs. Soule* and Flannagan 
represented Philadelphia. 



W. R. Av. G.A. 

Orville Oddie, Jr. 5 183 15.79 11.03 

Alex. Morten . . 4 58 6.25 4.59 

Dr. H.D.Jennings 3 98 5.66 4.26 



W. R. Av. G.A. 

J. E. Soule 3 57 6.38 4.43 

C. T. Jones 1 58 5.08 3.78 

L. A. Flannagan .0 39 

One general average having been withheld, it is not possible to 
figure out the average of tournament. 



258 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



McKenna vs. Fred Eames. Bumstead Hall, Boston, December 
20-2 1st. — Game for a purse, McKenna to make 5000 before Eames 
could score 500 altogether on either night. McK., 5000 — 416.67 — 
2572 and 2121; E., 45—18. 



1§§9. 

Second Amateur Championship of America. N. Y. Racquet Club, 
May 14-19th. — First competition for the Townsend Cup, valued 
at $1,000, and to be won, consecutively or otherwise, in three annual 
tournaments. Three games apiece, 300 points. Average of tourna- 
ment, 4.90. 

W. R. Av. G.A. I W. R. Av. G. A. 
Orville Oddie, Jr. 3 109 8.33 7.69 H. D. Jennings . 1 81 3.47 4.67 
C. Bainbridge ... 2 82 5.45 4.70 | Alex. Morten ... 47 3.32 



Brooklyn, N. Y., Amateur Annual. Daly's Assembly Rooms, 
February 4-14th. — Handicap tournament for diamonds, 5x10. 
Arthur R. Townsend (scratch, 375), winning 3 — 1, won first prize 
and also made highest single average (15), highest general average 
(7.40), and highest run (116). Townsend was tied by Wm. Barnard 
(375), but defeated him, in playing off for first and second, by 375 
to 185. 



Third Tourney for Amateur Championship of America. Second 
and last for Townsend Cup. N. Y. Racquet Club, May 13-1 8th. 
Average of tournament (four games apiece), 6.01. 



W. R. 
H. D. Jennings . . 1 101 
Andrew Miller . . 42 



Av. G.A. 
11.53 5.31 
4.07 



W. R. Av. G.A. 

Orville Oddie, Jr. 4 195 7.32 8.56 

A. R. Townsend . 3 138 11.11 7.57 

R. J. Maginniss.. 2 94 11.53 5.68 

May 12, 1900, a third annual competition having been found im- 
practicable, the club committee awarded the Townsend Cup to Oddie. 



Joseph Capron vs. John Donahue. Montreal, Can., September 
18th. — $250 a side. Capron won by 500 to about 340, but loser 
made best run (66) . 



Schaefer vs. McKenna. November. — Match for $2,500 a side, 
even up. Death of Schaefer's wife caused his side to pay $500 for 
postponement to January, and death of McKenna meanwhile ended 
match. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 259 

1890. 

Brooklyn, N. Y., Annual Amateur Handicap. Daly's Assembly 
Rooms, March 10-22d. — Average of tournament (five games apiece), 
5.10. 

W. R. Av. G. A. 

A. R. Townsend (500) 4 257 17.24 9.83 

Dr. H. D. Jennings (300) 3 91 8.57 4.73 

Frank A. Keeney (300) 3 135 5.77 5.49 

Herbert S. Haskell (500) 2 171 9.43 6.65 

Wm. H. Barnard (350) 1 56 3.50 3. 

George Moulton (275) 1 39 3.44 2.90 



J. Schaefer vs. J. F. B. McCleery. San Francisco, May 29th, 30th, 
31st. — $200 a side, 3000 points, Schaefer giving odds of discount, 
4£x9, c. b. S., 3000 (winning score) — aVerage, 751 in actual score 
(3004)— run , 3000; McC, 15— run, 13. 



F. C. Ives vs. McCleery. Same city, same table, a day or two 
later, Ives conceding 1000 for a stake of $250 a side. Ives, 3000 — 
176.46—982; McC, 1748—717. 

Nothing could more fitly close the chronicle of regular three-ball 
caroms than those McCleery matches. For other than amateurs 
or rising professionals, the game had lacked approval ever since the 
spring of 1879. Several of the contests after that were designed 
chiefly to surpass the "run" and "average" records of one or two 
professionals earlier in the wonder-working field ; and so lamentably 
did the unrestricted game decline that first-class players, avoiding 
one another to the neglect of championships, welcomed matches 
with fourth or fifth-rate ones on 4^x9 tables. 



Kerkau vs. McLaughlin. Daly's Room, N. Y. City, purse games. 
August 16-2 1st. —McLaughlin, 6000— run, 1290; K., 4749, total. 
September 6-1 lth.— Kerkau, 6000— run, 1355; McL., 4520— run, 
1349. Averages in both were light for the high runs, and the games 
are of note chiefly as the last professional ones in the East at the 
regular three-ball game. 



BEST PERFORMANCES, 

Omitting Tables Larger or Smaller than the Standard 
5x10 for this Game, as Offcially Decreed in 1873. 

AVERAGES IN CHAMPIONSHIP MATCHES. 

333.33 in 1000— J. Schaefer, 1879. 
28.57 in 600— Wm. Sexton, 1878. 

RUNS IN CHAMPIONSHIP MATCHES. 

690 in 1000— J. Schaefer, 1879. 
247 in 600— Wm. Sexton, 1877. 

AVERAGES IN CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENTS. 

85.71 in 600 points— J. Schaefer, 1879. 

25.00 in 300 — J. Dion, 1874 (championship of America). 

37.60 (gen. av. in 3947 points)— G. F. Slosson, 1879. 

RUNS IN CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENTS. 

464 in 600— G. F. Slosson, 1879. 

159 in 300 — M. Vignaux, 1874 (championship of America). 

AVERAGES IN NON-CHAMPIONSHIP MATCHES. 

416.67 in 5000 — H. McKenna, 1887 (nominally a match, but actually a 
purse game. Schaefer averaged 751 in 1890, running 3000, but the table 
was a 4^x9). 

80.00 in 4000— M. Vignaux, Paris, 1880. 

48.39 in 3000— W. H. Catton, 1884. 

24.32 in 1800— W. Sexton, 1877. 

71.57 in 1000— Ed. McLaughlin, 1883. 

RUNS IN NON-CHAMPIONSHIP MATCHES. 

1355 in 6000— H. Kerkau, purse game, 1887. 

2572 in 5000 — H. McKenna, 1887 (see paragraph above). 

1531 in 4000— M. Vignaux, Paris, 1880. 

942 in 3000— Ed. McLaughlin, 1884. 

417 in 1800— Wm. Sexton, 1877. 

805 in 1000— Ed. McLaughlin, 1883. 

212 in 600— M. Daly, 1874. 

AVERAGES IN NON-CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENTS. 

66.67 in 600— J. Schaefer, 1878. 
60.00 in 300— Wm. Sexton, 1876. 

RUNS IN NON-CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENTS. 

287 in 300— Wm. Sexton, 1876. 

327 in 600 — J. Schaefer, 1878. (S. ran 429 in tie-game, but it was outside 
of tournament.) 

260 



CHAMPION'S GAME. 



All play was on a 5x10 carom, with 2$ balls, and also with a 14x28-in. 
line, except in last two public matches. 

Abbreviations. — Player, 600 — 18.75 — 165; Player, 585 — 151 — signifies 
winner's total, average, and high run, followed by loser's total and high run. 



1§79. 

First Tournament at Restricted Three-ball Caroms. In the 

Champion's Game, as originally played in public on the dates given 
below, an oblique line was drawn near every corner. Its purpose 
was to make it harder to swing the balls (" turn the corner ") in the 
progressive nursing process known as "straight rail." On the short 
rail, this line ended 14 inches from the nearest corner, and on the 
long rail 28 inches. Within any one of the four balks so formed, 
only two successive shots could be wholly made; but, for it to 
count, the second shot had to send at least one ball out. 

Tammany Hall, N. Y. City, November ll-24th. — Challenge em- 
blem and $2,000. Games 300 points, except in playing off ties. 
Sexton by 500 to 478, and Daly by 500 to 496, were winners of ties. 
Average of tournament (seven games apiece), 10.58. 



Sexton ($1,000) 
Slosson ($500) . 
Schaefer ($250) 
Daly ($150) ... 



W. R. Av. G.A. 
. 6 112 27.27 13.77 
. 6 107 25.00 14.02 
. 5 122 23.08 13.65 
3 123 18.75 11.36 



W. R. Av. G.A. 

Gamier ($100) . . 3 147 16.67 10.19 

Carter 2 103 11.11 9.54 

Rudolphe 1 81 15.79 8.70 

Heiser 113 7.31 



Money-stake in championship matches, $500 a side. All were 
played in Tammany Hall. After his second victory over Schaefer, 
Slosson was never again challenged. 

SEXTON VS. SCHAEFER. January 10, 1880. 
18.75—165; Sexton, 585—151. 

SCHAEFER VS. SEXTON. April 22, 1880. 
14.63—141 ; Sexton, 523—75. 

SCHAEFER VS. SLOSSON. 
30—236; Schaefer, 470—114. 

SLOSSON VS. SCHAEFER. 
33.33—138: Schaefer, 438—312. 



Schaefer, 600— 



Schaefer, 600— 



June 19, 1880. 
October 4, 1880. 



Slosson, 
Slosson, 



600— 



600— 



261 



262 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

isso. 

Carter vs. Gallagher. Union Square Rooms, N. Y. City, March 
22d.— $500 a side. C, 600—10.17—140; G., 423—54. 



Heiser vs. Carter. Same hall, March 26th. — $500 a side. H., 
600—10.53—93; C, 566—149. 



Vignaux vs. Slosson. Grand Hotel, Paris, December 20-24th. — 
$1,000 a side. V., 3000—29.70—214; S., 2961—273. 



18S1. 

Schaefer vs. Slosson. Academy of "Music, N. Y. City, April 11- 
15th.— $2,000. Schaefer, 4000—32.52—342; Slosson, 2780—252. 



18*2. 

Longest Run Abroad. Grand Hotel, Paris, January 30th ' to 
February 3d.— $1,000 a side. Slosson, 3000—37.97 — 398; Vignaux, 
2553—394. 

As the first victory of an American abroad in a public match, 
this was commemorated by a dinner to Slosson at Delmonico's, 
N. Y. City, on February 23d, by a professional testimonial to him 
afterwards at the Columbian Room, not t'hen his, and later by a purse 
of $700, contributed in part by Charles A. Dana, Frank Queen, and 
other journalistic patrons of billiards. [The winner maintains that 
this game was played on 18x38 lines. — Ed.] 



New Orleans Tournament. Miller's Room, March 27th to April 
13th. — Games started at 400, but found too long, and reduced to 
300 after first night. Maggioli, 5 — 0; Abrams and Coste, each 3 — 2, 
Coste winning play-off; Oberlander and Zaehringer, each 2 — 3, 
former winning play-off; and Bartley, — 5. 



1884. 

Longest Run in America. Madison Square Hall, N. Y. City, 
February 14th. — $250 a side, last game of match (see Three-ball 
Caroms and Balkline for others). Edward McLaughlin, 600—15.79 
—206; J. R. Heiser, 552—351. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 263 

Handicap Tournament of Chicago Amateurs. Collender Billiard 
Hall, beginning March 17th. — Messrs. Ed. Rein, Sawyer and Davis 
played Champion's Game against Frank Rice and four others. Rein 
won 6-- — 1, and Rice and Davis 5 — 2 each, Rice also winning play-off. 
Sawyer won fourth prize. 

Line Increased from 14x28 to 18x38. Central Music Hall, Chicago, 
May 31st. — Second game of match of two (see Balkline Game for the 
other), $500 a side each. Slosson, 800—28.54—236; Schaefer, 
657 — 98. The 18x38 line was then first played in public in America, 
but had been practiced in 1882-83, and on January 20, 1883, Slosson 
challenged Schaefer to play it for $500 a side. 



1§§5. 

Line Increased from 18x38 to 20x40. Same hall and stake as 
foregoing. Schaefer, 800—16.67—78; Slosson, 589—97. 

Making runs of 100 unlikely or impossible in public defeated the 
purpose of the game, which was to restrict nursing without prohibit- 
ing it, and at this stage this line system was abandoned. 



BEST PERFORMANCES IN PUBLIC MATCHES. 

AVERAGES AT 14x28. 

33.33 in 600 (championship) — G. F. Slosson, 1880. 
37.97 in 3000, Paris, France— G. F. Slosson, 1882. 
32.52 in 4000— J. Schaefer, 1881. 

RUNS AT 14x28. 

312 (championship) — J. Schaefer, 1880. 

351 (best in America)— J. R. Heiser, 1884. 

398 (best anywhere) — G. F. Slosson, Paris, France, 1882, 

AVERAGES AT 18x38. 

28.54 in 800— G. F. Slosson, 1884. 

run at 18x38. 
236— G. F. Slosson, 1884. 

AVERAGE AT 20x40. 

16.67— J. Schaefer, 1885. 

RUN AT 20x40. 

vr— G. F. Slosson, 1885. 



BALKLINE GAME. 



All play, unless otherwise stated, was with 2$ balls on a 5x10 carom 
table, and until 1885 on an 8-inch line. 

Abbreviations. — Such figures as 600 — 50. — 375 stand in that order for 
total, average, and high run, the loser's average being omitted as not a 
record. Those of 8.2, 14.2, 18.1, and 18.2 signify eight, fourteen, or eighteen- 
inch line with either one or two shots or plays in balk, regardless of count. 



1883. 



First Public Contests. What is known simply as " Balkline " took 
its name originally from the table's having a continuous line running 
around it six inches from the cushion. This form, with three shots 
in balk, was practiced by Rudolphe and the Dions in 1875, pronounced 
too difficult, and never played in public. The intersecting short 
lines near every corner were added early in 1883, and the main line 
was then put eight inches from the cushion; and in this form, with 
its eight balks and the two shots or one valid count therein, as de- 
scribed for the Champion's Game, the "Balkline" was first played 
publicly for the world's championship in Central Music Hall, Chicago, 
March 26th to April 6th. Of the seven contestants, Alonzo Morris 
and Thomas Wallace were graduated from a preliminary tournament 
held at the J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co.'s warerooms, that city, 
March 6-13th. In addition to the challenge emblem, there were 
money-prizes aggregating $3,000, and the tournament was akin to a 
marvel in embodying so many as seven players without a single tie. 
Average of the twenty-one games, 12.86. J. Dion's 17.71 and 
Sexton's 16.58 were their best averages — not winning ones. During 
Sexton's run of 170 the first glimpses in public were seen of what, 
in 1890, was dubbed "The Anchor." It had been played in private 
at the regular three-ball game, but lacked favoring opportunities 
at the Champion's Game, while at Balkline it was impossible until 
the eight short lines were added near the corners. 



W. R. Av. G.A. 

Morris ($200) ... 2 101 15. 10.84 

J. Dion 1 101 15.71 10.36 

Wallace 134 7.79 



W. R. Av. G.A. 

Schaefer ($1,000) 6 220 40.00 23.23 

Vignaux($800). 5 246 31.58 22.07 

Daly ($500) 4 90 17.14 13.50 

Sexton ($300) ... 3 170 16.58 10.88 

Matches were to have been 800 points for $500 a side, but none 
was ever made, and in due time the emblem became Schaefer's to 
keep. This was the second case of first-class championship tourna- 
ment without ever a match. Nor was there a balkline championship 

264 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 265 

match until Slosson and Schaefer's in 1890, which was the first case 
of first-class carom championship, either national or universal, 
'vithout a tournament. 



Vignaux vs. Schaefer. At close of foregoing tournament these 
experts played two games in public. The one in Hartford, Conn., 
was at cushion caroms, and Schaefer won it. The other, played at 
Academy of Music, N. Y. City, June 12th, was in all respects on 
balkline championship terms, except that, as there was no challenge, 
therefore there could not be a championship match. V., 800 (total) 
—22.22 (winning average)— 106 (highest run); S., 644 (total)— 90 
(highest run). 

First Balkline Match Abroad. Grand Cafe, Brussels, Belgium, 
November 21-25th. — $500 a side, 4£x9 table. Gamier, 3000; Daly, 
2839. Averages and runs not cabled. 

Second game, Lyons, France, December 10-1 4th. — Same size of 
table. Gamier, 3000—27.23—238; Daly, 2970—309. 



Vignaux vs. Schaefer. Grand Hotel, Paris, November 26-30th. — 
SI, 000 a side. V., 3000—28.85—165; S., 2859—164. 

Same place and terms, January 14-18, 1884. V., 3000 — 44.75— 
329; S., 2869—201. 



Vignaux vs. Rudolphe. Paris, December 10-14th. — Same terms 
as last two games above. V., 3000; R., 1415. Runs and averages 
not cabled. 



1884. 

Vignaux vs. Schaefer. See 1883, November 26-30th. 



Championship of Connecticut and Western Massachusetts. 
M. H. Hewins's Room, Hartford (except last game, which was played 
in Allyn Hall), January 29th to February 15th. — Tournament at 
" Space Game," a combination of Balkline and the oblique line of 
the Champion's Game. L. A. Guillet, 5 — 0; Hewins, 4 — 1; H. 
Behrens, J. A. Hendrick and C. T. Shean, 2 — 3 apiece; and J. Pletcher, 
— 5. Play-off gave Behrens third money, and Shean fourth. A 
gold watch was championship emblem. 

Three matches followed, all played in Springfield, Mass., the home 
of Guillet, who defeated Hewins by 500 to 286, received forfeit from 



266 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

Behrens, and finally, December 30, 1885, defeated Behrens by 
500 to 366. 

Except as here set forth, the " Space Game " has never been played 
in public. 



, McLaughlin vs. Heiser. Assembly Buildings, Phila., Jan. 17, 
second of three different styles of game, $250 a side apiece. McL., 
600—10—64; H., 470—43. (See Regular Three-ball and Cham- 
pion's Game for the two other contests.) 



Maggioli vs. John T. Moulds. New Orleans, February 28-29th, 
March 1st. — Former gave odds of 25 per cent., for $500 a side, and 
won by 1200 to 1153. Nothing of moment in runs or averages. 



Schaefer vs. Slosson. Central Music Hall, Chicago, May 12th. — 
$500 a side. Schaefer, 800—38.10—211; Slosson, 384—200. First 
game of a match at two different styles (see Champion's Game, 1884, 
for the other). 

Later there were a few 8.2 matches between lesser experts; but 
this was the last, of either match or tournament, between first-class 
ones. 



1S§5. 

First Handicap Tournament. Starting early this year, there were 
many handicap tournaments during that and the next half dozen 
or more; but in only a half dozen of such tournaments was aught 
accomplished worth recording. The one in Piatt's Hall, San Fran- 
cisco, January 4-6th, this year, is cited first among the exceptional 
six because of its having been the first at the game, the first tourna- 
mental playing of it on a 4^x9 table, and the only instance of a 
player's single averages being the same as his general average. 

Entrance fee, $250, with $250 added by the B. B. C. Co. Three 



Hand. Run. Av. G. A. 

Lon Morris ($750) 500 97 18.52 18.52 

J. F. B. McCleery ($250) 300 77 7.89 9.11 

Ben Saylor 350 87 10.03 

Morris's averaging 18.52 against both opponents necessarily made 
his general average 18.52 also. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 267 

Line Increased from 8.2 to 12.2. Central Music Hall, Chicago, 
January 26th.— $500 a side. Schaefer, 800—14.55—109; Slosson, 
719—98. 

Increased to 14.2. Philadelphia roomkeepers' championship 
handicap tournament, begun March 2d. Ed McLaughlin, Wm. 
Rockhill, and Pincus Levy won, 6 — 1 apiece, and Rockhill won 
emblem and $100 in playing off, Levy taking second prize ($75), and 
McLaughlin third ($50). 

There were about a dozen match-contests for the trophy. Win- 
ning it from Rockhill on May 28th, at odds of 300 to 200, McLaughlin 
would have made it his own had not James Palmer, on May 25, 1886, 
defeated him by 175 to 254 in a possible 300. Ed. Burris beat 
Palmer on September 23, 1886, and others later at intervals, among 
them McLaughlin twice (handicap 225 to 300), and finally became 
owner of the emblem by defeating Pincus Levy, June 2, 1887, by 
200 to 126 in a possible 150. What is worth recording here is not 
in the play itself, but in the logic of the situation. That it was a 
handicap championship necessarily made McLaughlin the champion 
all along as the giver of the longest odds. 

In December, 1890, at the Continental Hotel, the Philadelphia 
roomkeepers engaged in another 14.2 handicap (John Cline, Ed. 
Burris and Ed. McLaughlin first, second, and third on imposts of 
225, 300, and 400 points), but avoided the championship con- 
tradiction. 



First Public Match at 14.2. Central Music Hall, Chicago, March 
25th.— $250 a side. Capt. A. C. Anson, 500—5.43—39; Frank 
Parker, 364—22. 



Catton vs. Gallagher. Mercantile Library Hall, St. Louis, $500 a 
side, 8.2. C, 800—10.67—74 ; G., 687—78. 



First Strictly Public Tournament at 14.2. Irving Hall, N. Y. City, 
April 20-29th— $2,250 added by the B. B. C. Co. to entrance fees of 
$250 apiece and to net door-money equally divided among the five. 
The approximate average of tournament, which instituted no 
championship, was 11. 

W. R. Av. G. A. 

Slosson ($1,464.78) 4 148 22.73 18.18 

Schaefer ($1,064.78) 3 97 18.52 15.08 

Sexton ($864.78) 2 53 10. 7.97 

Daly ($714.78) 1 51 8.95 7.99 

J. Dion ($464.78) 52 7.24 



268 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

A 14.2 Tournament of Four Rounds. VIGNAUX, SCHAEFER 
AND SLOSSON.— Central Music Hall, Chicago, twelve nights be- 
tween November 16th and December 26th, both inclusive, for $2,950, 
given by Chicago roomkeepers, and $1,000 by the B. B. C. Co., with 
the net receipts added. No championship was involved. Inde- 
pendent games of 600 points, every player playing every other twice, 
constituted the first two rounds, or tournament proper, and 800-point 
games, every man playing every other twice, constituted the re- 
maining rounds, which were to determine the triple tie of November 
16-21st, duplicated December 21-23d. 

W. R. Av. G. A. 

Slosson 2 89 19.36 18.85 

Vignaux 2 195 75. 25.64 

Schaefer 2 152 23.08 19.47 

After this tie, the three proposed to divide all, and did divide all 
but the $1,000 of the B. B. C. Co., which required them to play to a 
finish. The next round was also a tie, but in the final one Schaefer 
beat both, and Vignaux beat Slosson. Nothing of moment sig- 
nalized the six extra games, save that Schaefer lengthened his high 
run to 187, that Slosson reached 159, and that Vignaux fell from a 
winning average of 75 to 22.22, and then to 13.11. 



1886. 

[All play now 14.2 on a 5x10, unless otherwise stated.] 
Schaefer vs. Vignaux. Cosmopolitan Hall, N. Y. City, January 

26-30th.— $2,500 a side. S., 3000—20.97—180; V., 2838—143. 
Same hall, March 9-13th— $1,000 a side. S., 3000—25.86—230; 

V., 1855—149. 

Gallagher vs. Carter. B. B. C. Co.'s Warerooms, Chicago, March 
9th.— $250 a side. G., 500—9.61—41; C, 381—37. 



McLaughlin vs. Heiser. Cosmopolitan Hall, N. Y. City, March 
8th. — $500 a side, home-and-home. McL., 500 — 7.35 — 51; H., 
435 — 65. Return game, Assembly Buildings, Philadelphia, March 
19th. H., 500—9.61—55; McL., 429—48. 



Purse Game at 10.2. Allyn Hall, Hartford, Conn., December 
20th. Sexton, 500—9.61—69; McKenna, 369—52. 

An unexampled feature of the year was that three winners out of 
four — Gallagher, Heiser, and Sexton — did 500 points in 52 innings 
(or 9.61) in matches. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 269 



1887. 

Twelve Players Tied Out of Thirteen. St. Louis, January 3d to 
February 17th. — Handicap for six prizes (aggregating $725) and a 
challenge medal. Wayman C. McCreery did the handicapping, 
E. Carter and T. J. Gallagher being high at 300 each. There were 
two ties of four each, and two of two each, W. H. Catton, sixth from 
both top and bottom with his 6 — 6, being the only one who escaped. 
Among amateurs, Chicago has since surpassed this in the striking 
particular that all five contestants tied alike, every one winning and 
losing two games of a tournament held in the late Henry Rhines's 
room. 

In playing off for from first to fourth in St. Louis, Frank Day and 
John Thatcher tied again for first and second, and Gallagher and 
Maggioli for third and fourth. Thatcher beat Day, and Maggioli 
lost to Gallagher. Carter, who, with 5 — 7, was among the other 
tieing four, made the highest single average (18.75) by 50 per cent., 
and was the only one who ran triple figures (101), Maggioli coming 
next with 78, Gallagher with 69, and Catton with 68. The regular 
games numbered 78. 



McLaughlin vs. Heiser. Natatorium Hall, Philadelphia, Feb- 
ruary 24-26th.— $250 a side. McL., 1500—5.60—46; H., 1064 
—45. 

Daly's Assembly Rooms, Brooklyn, March 15-1 7th. — Return 
game, $250 a side. H., 1500—7.81—55; McL., 1258—60. 



Schaefer vs. Slosson. Central Music Hall, Chicago, April 12th.— 
$500 a side. Schaefer, 800—17.78—126; Slosson, 639—135. 



1888. 



Connecticut Championship at 8.2 on a 4£x9. M. H. Hewins* 
Rooms, Hartford, January 17th to February 6th. — Tournament of 
250-point games. Fred Hawks, 5 — 0, first prize; J. A. Hendrick, 
4 — 1, second prize, and also prize for high run (36); W. G. White, 
2 — 3, third prize, having beaten R. W. Kellogg in play-off. 

Same room, game, and table, April 9th. — Match for championship. 
Hawks, 300— 4.55— 27 ; John H. Kingsbury, 217—7. 

The championship emblem was a billiard-table, to be defended 
fifteen months. 



270 MODEEN BILLIARDS. 

First 14.2 Tournament in France. Played on a B. B. C. Co.'s 
5x10 table at Vignaux's Academy, Paris, March 19-28th. — Con- 
testants at various handicaps, Messrs. Vignaux (3 — 1), Piot, Fournil, 
and Leuiller (2 — 2 apiece), and Gay (1 — 3). 

Slosson Defeats Schaefer. St. Paul, Minn., October — , 14.2, 
purse game, $250, given by the B. B. C. Co. No data as to totals, 
runs or averages. 



First Championship of Shortstops. Madison Street Theatre, 
Chicago, November 26th to December 8th. — 200-point games. 
Carter, who won 7 — in games and $254.80 in money, made 
highest run, single average and general average (87 — 13.33 — 9.33). 
Catton and Gallagher tied for second and third, and divided $302.80, 
and Maggioli and John T. Moulds, tieing for fourth, divided $64.60. 
The other contestants were Frank C. Ives (2 — 5), Wm. F. Hatley 
(2 — 5), and Henry Rhines (1 — 6). In December, 1889, Ives chal- 
lenged Carter, who, intending to go to Paris, declined to defend 
the emblem. There was never a match-contest for the emblem, 
Ives holding it the required time without challenge. After Car- 
ter's return from Europe, there was a second tournament for the 
shortstop championship (see 1891). 



1§§9. 



New England Championship at 10.2 on 4|x9. J. J. Murphy's Hub 
Palace, Boston, ending December 18th. — Eight in. Fred Eames 
first, Moses Yatter second, Chas. F. Campbell third. (See February 
16-26, 1891, for their being 1 — 2 — 3 also for another 10.2 champion- 
ship.) 



1890. 

Maggioli vs. Hatley. Madison Street, Theatre, Chicago, Jan- 
uary 23d. — Match for $250 a side and the championship of Western 
players below first grade. M., 500—9.26 — 71 ; H., 327—28. 



Old Line Against New. Checkering Hall, N. Y. City, February 
20th to March 1st. — First appearance of Ives and Catton in the 
East. To six entrances of $250 apiece, the B. B. C. Co. added $2,500. 
Games 500 up, Slosson and Schaefer playing 14.2 against the 8.2 of 
the others, three of whom divided third, fourth, and fifth prizes. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



271 



As professionals of mark have never publicly repeated this ex- 
periment of line against line, averaging this tournament in its entirety 
would be worthless for comparison. Average - of the four 8.2 players, 
13.17: of the two 14.2, 17.63. 



W. R. Av. G.A. 

Slosson ($1,600). . 5 136 26.32 17.36 

Schaefer ($1,200). 4 168 26.32 17.93 

Daly ($400) 2 118 20.83 13.52 



W. R. Av. G. A. 

Catton ($400) 2 95 15.13 11.31 

Ives ($400) . . 2 105 25. 17.80 

Heiser 141 .... 10.90 



Going to Chicago, the same players contended in Central Music 
Hall, April 5-1 2th for a like amount of money, but handicapped 
in points, all at 14.2. In place of $400 thrice, now read Slosson, 
$800; Catton, $400. Average of tournament, 12.48. 



W. R. Av. G. A. 

Schaefer (500) ... 5 200 38.46 25.00 

Ives (275) .4 97 25.00 13.12 

Slosson (500) 3 178 25. 20.18 



W. R. Av. G. A. 

Catton (250). 2 74 9.26 8.33 

Heiser (250) . 1 52 6.25 5.67 

Daly (300) . . 62 6.96 



Maggioli vs. Ives. Madison Street Theatre, Chicago, April 16th. 
$250 a side. M., 500—15.15—121 ; I., 440—73. 



First World's Championship at 14.2. Instituted without the 
formality of a tournament in a match-contest at Chickering Hall, 
N. Y. City, December 1st. — Stake, $500 a side in money and a silver 
Challenge Cup presented by the B. B. C. Co. Schaefer, 800—19.51— 
128; Slosson, 609—60. 

SCHAEFER VS. CARTER. Second match, same terms, Central 
Music Hall, Chicago, May 6, 1891.— S., 800—21.05—104; C, 481 
—111. 

SCHAEFER VS. SLOSSON. Thirl match, Lenox Lyceum, 
N. Y. City, January 22, 1892.— Schaefer, 800—23.53—155; Slosson, 
592—119. 

SCHAEFER BEATEN BY IVES. Fourth match, Central 
Music Hall, Chicago, March 19, 1892.— I., 800—16.33—95; S., 
499—45. 

IVES VS. SLOSSON. Fifth match and last contest, same place as 
above, May 21, 1892.— I., 800— 26.67— 124; S., 488—120. 

First Reversion of an Emblem to Donors. For their failure to 
play the sixth match in Paris, where it was made in 1892 by Ives 
and Schaefer, the official stakeholders declared match off, Challenge 
Cup reverting to donors under the rules. 



272 . MODERN BILLIARDS. 

1891. 

Second New England Championship at 10.2. J. J. Murphy's 
Hub Palace, Boston, Feb. 16-26, tournament for challenge emblem 
valued at $100 and $320 in money, 250 points on 4£x9. Eames, 
Yatter, and Campbell were again 1 — 2 — 3, but this time against T. 
R. Bullock (fourth money) and Wm. Gilman. Eames lost not a 
game and made best single average, run, and general average — 10.87 
—55—7.58. 

Second Shortstop Championship. B. B. C. Co.'s Warerooms, 
Chicago, February 10-27th. — Games, 400 points. Average of 
tournament, 9.86. 

W. R. Av. G. A. 

Carter 7 116 30.77 15.55 

Ives 6 116 44.44 19.38 



Catton 4 83 21.05 10.55 

McLaughlin ... 3 109 14.29 9.34 



W. R. Av. G. A. 

Maggioli 3 76 9.09 8.18 

Hatley 3 60 12.12 9.30 

Jos. Capron .... 2 54 10.33 7.26 

L. Shaw . ■ 54 6.15 



Either Capron's is a losing average or the figures are an error for 
13.33, a winning one. 

CARTER VS. IVES. Central Music Mall, Chicago, April 29th.— 
Only match contest. I., 500—9.43—70; C, 478—72. 



Again 10.2 on a 4£x9. Union Hall, Providence, R. I., March 
10-14th.— C. F. Campbell, 2—1; Eames, 2—1; Bullock, 1—2; and 
Moses Yatter, 1 — 2. Campbell won in play-off. Eames made best 
single average and run — 9.68 and 66. 



First Balkline Amateur Tournament in the East. Daly's Assem- 
bly Rooms, Brooklyn, March 9-20th. — 8.2 on 4^x9, handicap. Won 
by Samuel Ehrlich (165). Best averages, single and general (6.43 
and 5.70), by Wm. Barnard, who carried the top weight (225), and 
best run (76) by Dr. H. D. Jennings, who was next in weight (200). 

Eastern amateurs last played 8.2 in formal contest on February 
2 and March 4, 1893, in Brooklyn, Frank A. Keeney scoring 300 
to Dr. Jennings 189 first, and 300 to his 212 next. 



Championship of Pennsylvania. Pittsburg, March 
Challenge emblem and money-prizes aggregating $800. 
tournament, 4.22. 


16-21st.— 
Average of 


W. R. Av. G.A. 

McLaughlin ... 5 64 |9.09 6.23 

Dodds 4 31 4.84 4.25 

Burris .3 45 6.84 4.95 


W. R. 

Boschert 2 25 

Walker 1 29 

J. Cline 31 


Av. G.A. 
5.17 3.83 
4.23 3.94 
.... 3.71 



Stake in matches, $300. Challenged by Dodds, McLaughlin won 
in Philadelphia, May 4th, by 400 to 181. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 273 

Twelve and a Half Line on 4^x9. B'nai B'rith Hall, San Fran- 
oisco, April 23d. — J. F. B. McCleery and B. Saylor began a tourna- 
ment at 12£.2 for championship of the Pacific Coast. Result of 
first game is all that ever reached the Atlantic. S., 400 — 12.12 — 
73; McC, 221 — 41. W. A. Spinks was the other entry. 

Slosson vs. Schaefer. N. Y. City, October 26th.— $500 a side. 
Slosson, 800—22.22—173; Schaefer, 392—48. 



Ives vs. Carter. Milwaukee, Wis., October 28th. — Consideration 
not known. As it was played out of the bailiwick of both, it was 
probably a purse game. I., 600—30—133; C, 183 (total). 



1892. 

[See 1890 for championship matches in this year, together with explana- 
tion of later inaction.] 



Vignaux vs. Schaefer. Paris, France, December 21-22d.— $500 
a side. V., 1200; S., 982. Runs and averages not cabled. 



1893. 

First Known 14.2 Tournament of Amateurs. G. F. Slosson's 
Room, N. Y. City, 1893. Byron Stark first, Dr. A. B. Miller second, 
and Dr. A. L. Ranney third. 

But at Daly's, Brooklyn, December 23, 1886, two amateurs had 
played a match at 12.2. Orville Oddie, Jr., who won, gave odds of 
100. Winner, 400—4.40—18; loser, 338—21. 



Sutton's Caromic Beginnings in Public. Toronto, Can., cham- 
pionship of Canada and $500. George Sutton, 500; Joseph W. 
Capron, 459. ''January 27th, $500, the former ball-pool player beat 
Capron at regular three-ball game by 700 to 266.) 

Gait, Ont., March 28th. — Championship and same stake. C, 
500; S., 306. 

Gait, Ont., April 20th. — Championship and same stake. S., 
500; C, 408. 

In January, 1894, S. forfeited championship to C. 

Half in Toronto and half in Gait, March 29-30, 1894. — Fourth 
time for championship and $500. C, 1000; S., 830. 



274 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

April, 1894, Montreal, C. played M. Thomas for championship and 
$500. C, 500; T., 415. 

December, 1894, Montreal, C. again encountered Sutton, but now 
in a tournament in which he had to play off with Spark B. Watson 
to get first prize, Sutton being third, Thomas fourth, and W. Jakes 
fifth. 



Championship of Canada at 14.2. See Sutton, above. 



Capron vs. Ed. M. Helm. Chicago, July 7, 1893. — $200. C, 
400; H., 246. 



Schaefer vs. Ives. Chicago, November 21-25, 1893. — $2,000 a 
side. Schaefer, 4000—27.21—343; I., 3955—456. When last 
night's play began, winner had 1305 to go to Ives's 800. Run of 
456 chiefly by anchor, due to the Ives-Roberts London match in 
prior spring. 



Second Tournament of Doubled Games. Madison Square Garden 
Concert Hall, N. Y. City, December ll-16th. — $600 entrance fee 
apiec^, winner to take 50 per cent, of it and of the net receipts, 
second and third taking 30 and 20. Schaefer first — average, 100 
— run, 566 (against Ives in final game) ; Ives, second, 50 — 141 ; 
Slosson, third, 41.67 — 164. Schaefer 's 566 was nearly all anchor 
across short line ending at left-lower cushion. 

Going to Chicago, the three played January 8-13, 1894, in Central 
Music Hall, ending in a tie (not played off) between Schaefer and 
Ives, who had anchored up to 487 and equaled the Schaefer average 
in New York. Slosson won no game. After the others had each 
beaten him once, anchor was barred, and neither first nor second 
class players have ever revived it, eyes like Ives's and Schaefer's 
being scarce. 

Next to Cincinnati, February l-3d, and there, playing but once 
around for $1,500, Ives was first — general average, 28.60 — run, 163; 
Schaefer, second — general average, 21.52 — run, 74; and Slosson 
third — general average, 17.36 — run, 97. 

Next to Boston, February 8-1 0th. — Same terms as in Cincinnati, 
and this ended tour. Slosson first — general average, 23.50 — run, 
163; Schaefer second — general average, 16 — run, 271; Ives third — 
general average, 19 — run, 146. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



275 



1894. 

Philadelphia Three-handed Handicap. March 19-24th. — Purse 
of $300 added to entrance fees, Burris and Dodds, second and third, 
playing 300 to the 400 of McLaughlin, first. 



Boston Match at 4*x9 10.2. 
Geo. R. Carter, 883. 



April ll-13th.— Eames, 1200; 



Sexton vs. Heiser. 
Maurice Daly's Annex. 



N. Y. City, August 13-1 8th. —Opening of 
Purse game. S., 1500; H., 1152. 



Ives vs. Schaefer. Home-and-home match, November 12-17th 
in New York, and in December 3-8th in Chicago.— $2,500 a side each 
game. First: I., 3600—48.62—331; S., 3074—244, Second: I., 
3600—41.38—359; S., 2831—217. This was the last stake-match 
at 14.2 between stars of the first magnitude. 



Gallagher vs. Fournil. Daly's, N. Y. City, beginning December 
17th. — Purse game. Edouard Fournil, of Paris, France, gave odds of 
50 per cent, and won by 3000 to 1421, actual score, the best run 
being the winner's 176. A little later, Gallagher won with odds of 
1800; G., 3000—14.65; F., 2289—27.91. 



1895. 

Sutton's First in Carom Tournament. Recital Hall, Chicago, 
January 18-27th. — Shortstops at 14.2, anchor barred, $1,000 in 
prizes. Order here is games won and lost, best average, general 
average, and high run : Gallagher, 5 to 0—28.58—19.80—104; Hatley, 
3 to 2— 12.15— 11.— 93; Maggioli, 3 to 2—14.29—10.54—91; 
McLaughlin, 2 to 3— 21.— 13.50— 114; Sutton, 1 to 4—13.80— 
9.75—80; Capron, 1 to 4— 13.— 8.40— 54. Hatley and Maggioli 
divided second and third. Sutton beat McLaughlin only. 



Amateur Championship of Illinois at 14.2. B. B. C. Co.'s Ware- 
rooms, Chicago, 111., February, 300 points. With the exception of 
the winner-in-chief's, which we have corrected, the averages — some 
winning and others losing — are only roundly expressed, as they 
appeared originally in a Chicago daily newspaper in 1895. 

W. R. Av. G.A. W. R. Av. G.A. 

Ellison 7 74 10. 7.81 Goodwin 3 46 6. 4. 

Rice 6 59 9. 5.80 Adams 3 36 G.50 4.40 

Kellogg 4 34 6.50 4.75 Rein 1 23 4. 3.20 

Nolan 3 39 5. 3.60 Brown 44 4. 3. 



276 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

The emblem ultimately became the property of Clem E. Ellison 
There was but one match-contest for it, and in that, against Mr. 
Milburn at the rooms of the Chicago A. C, E. won on an average of 6. 

W. A. Spinks vs. George Carter at 14.2. Boston, October 
13-14th.— $100, 4£x9. S., 900; C, 477. 



Roomkeepers' 14.2 Tournament. Philadelphia, ending October 
26th. — Order of finish: Burris, H. Cline, McCabe, J. Cline, and 
Rhoads. 



1§96. 

Intercity and Interclub Amateur Tournament. The first was 
held at Maurice Daly's Assembly Rooms, Brooklyn, in 1895, and 
the second, held at his rooms in this city January 13-27, 1896, is 
given a place here because of its having embraced nearly all of those 
who have since been busiest en amateur in and around Manhattan. 
Stark was first, and Gardner, Keeney, and Poggenburg tied for next 
three places. Game, 14.2. 

W. R. Av. G.A. 

A. R. Townsend (325) 4 57 8.80 5.87 

J. Byron Stark (270) 9 53 10.38 5.56 

Ed. W. Gardner (250) 6 34 5.70 4.34 

F. A. Keeney (240) 6 39 5.72 4.68 

Dr. A. B. Miller (240) 4 44 6.13 4.32 

Dr. A. L. Ranney (240) 1 42 4.25 3.59 

F. Poggenburg (210) 6 36 5.13 4. 

There were three other competitors — Messrs. Wm. Barnard, Dr. H. 
D. Jennings, and Fred Oakes — who severally won 4, 3, and 3 games. 
Of the ten, all were tiers but the winner of all his games and the 
loser of all but one. Several of the single averages are losing ones. 

First Tournament at 18.2. Madison Square Garden Concert Hall, 
March 31st to April 5th, under the auspices of Ives and Daly. Two 
shots in balk and five in anchor-box, instead of ten, as had latterly 
been the practice at 14.2. Games, 600 points, all three contestants 
playing twice around. Schaefer and Ives 3 — 1 each, but never 
played off; Albert Gamier, — 4. Best winning averages, general 
averages, and high runs: I., 50—36.48—200; S., 30—24.11—176; 
Gamier, ..—9.99—36. 

Repairing to Chicago, they next played the 
First Tournament at 18.1. 

Central Music Hall, May 18-23d. — Only one shot either in anchor 
or in balk. Playing twice around, Schaefer and Ives 500 to Garnier's 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



277 



300 G. first, I second. Best single, best general, and highest run: 
G., 12—9.60—53; I., 19.58 (losing)— 16.58— 103; S., 17.56 (losing)— 
12.70—111 

In Boston their tour ended. See Cushion Caroms. 

Temporary Revival of 14.2 by Stars. Bumstead Hall, Boston, 
April 18th. — Four-handed. Daly and Schaefer, averaging 23.81, 
defeated Gamier and Ives by 500 to 347. 



1897. 

All Tie in Pittsburg, Pa., Tournament of Shortstops. Davis's 
Room, February 27th to March 6th. — 14.2 without anchor, $1,000 
in 40, 30, 20, and 10 per cent, divisions, 400-point games. Average 
of tournament, approximately 12.70. In play-off, Sutton beat both, 
and Spinks, running 187 and averaging 40, put third prize upon 
Gallagher. 



W. R. Av. G. A. 

Sutton 3 88 22.22 12. 

Spinks 3 138 36.36 11.90 

Gallagher 3 100 27. 17.16 



W. 

McLaughlin ... 2 

Maggioli 2 

Catton 2 



R. Av. G. A. 

78 15.39 11.78 

99 13.33 10.14 

97 22.22 13.41 



Same Players, Plus John Matthews, in Chicago. Under the 
auspices of and at Clarence E. Green's Imperial Room, April 6th. — 
Same game and the like prize-money. In playing off, Gallagher 
averaged 20, but Spinks topped the shortstop record with a run of 
197. Maggioli's 28 is either a losing average or an error. Average 
of tournament, 14.65. 



W. 

Spinks 5 

Catton 5 

Sutton 4 

McLaughlin . 3 



R. 

167 

158 

169 

99 



Av. 
30,77 
23.50 
21.06 
17.39 



G. A. 

15.50 
16.75 
21.10 
13.33 



W. R. Av. G. A. 

Gallagher 2 95 21. 15.50 

Maggioli 1 107 28. 13. 

Matthews... 1 118 15. 9.80 



Hugo Kerkau's American Debut. Daly's Room, N. Y. City, 
July 5-10th.— Purse game, 300 points of 14.2 nightly. K., 1800; 
Morningstar, 1523. 

Same place and terms, July 19-24th— McLaughlin, 1800; K., 1702. 



First World's Championship at 18.1. Madison Square Garden 
Concert Hall, N. Y. City, November 20th, December 4th. — Emblem 
and $1,200 in cash, both presented by the B. B. C. Co., added to 



278 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

$500 in entrance fees and to the net receipts. Average of tourna- 
ment, four 500-point games apiece, 8.89. 

W. R. Av. G. A. 

G. F. Slosson ($1466.50) 4 97 12.20 ' 9.39 

J. Schaefer ($879.90) 3 85 15.45 9.25 

F. C. Ives ($586.60) 2 140 30.25 14.95 

M.Daly 1 73 8.20 7.18 

Geo. Sutton 53 6.09 

SCHAEFER DEFEATS SLOSSON. Same hall, February 5, 
1898. — First match for championship and $500 a side. Schaefer, 
600—7.41—76; Slosson, 596—34. 

IVES DEFEATS SCHAEFER. Central Music Hall, Chicago, 
April 4, 1898.— Second and last match. I., 600—15—91; S., 426 
—90. 

As there was no challenge outstanding, and as Ives declined the 
emblem without waiting to qualify as champion, it reverted, under 
the rules, to its donors, and there was no 18,1 championship again 
until December, 1901. 

1§9§. 

Schaefer vs. Slosson. Opera-house, Hartford, Conn., February 
16th.— 18.1 purse game. Schaefer, 400—7.84—39; Slosson, 317 
—59. 



First Handicap at 18.1. Central Music Hall, Chicago, January 
17-22d. — Ives and Schaefer playing 400 to the 260 of Sutton, 
Catton, and Spinks. Schaefer's defeat of Ives by 22, coupled with 
his own defeat at the hands of Spinks by 262, caused a tie between 
the "scratchmen," who divided first and second moneys, as Spinks 
and Catton did the fourth prize. The B. B. C. Co. had added 
$1,750 to the entrance fees. Average of tournament, 14.57. 

W. R. Av. G. A. 
Schaefer ($787.50)3 136 40. 18.85 
Ives ($787.50) . . 3 138 28.71 24.28 



Sutton ($450) ... 2 73 17.65 13.85 



W. R. Av. G. A. 

Catton ($112.50). . 1 56 9.38 6.75 
Spinks ($112.50). . 1 48 10.82 8.23 



Roomkeepers' New Handicap Championship. Philadelphia, 
April 4th. — Match won by Edward Burris (225 — 5. — 28) from 
Sol Allinger, who played for 175. 

Knickerbocker A. C. Championship. N. Y. City, April. — 14.2. 
Making best single and general, 9.67 and 7.50, Byron Stark won, 
Dr. A. B. Miller, Dr. L. L. Mial and F. Poggenburg finishing as 
named. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 279 

Amateur Athletic Union Handicap. Knickerbocker A. C, 
N. Y. City, May.— 14.2. Order at close: Mial (250), Stark (300), 
Miller (250), J. A. Hendrick (270), Clement Bainbridge (260), and 
L. A. Servatius (250). Best single, general, and run: 9.09 — 6.37 — 64, 
by Stark. 

Amateur 14.2 Handicap. Ives's Room, N. Y. City, November 
2-9th. — Won by Florian Tobias (215) from Messrs. Stark, Mial, 
and Poggenburg (all three at 300), Wm. Gershel (240), and Wm. 
Arnold, Dr. W. G. Douglas, and L. A. Servatius (all at 200). Arnold 
was second, and Stark third. 

A. A. U.'s First Class B Tournament. Knickerbocker A. C, 
beginning December 5th. — 300-point games, 14.2. All the singles 
except Stark's and possibly Miller's are either losing averages or 
slightly inaccurate in their fractions. 



W. R. Av. G. A. 

Miller 2 33 5. 4.13 

G. E. Hevner 1 29 5.79 4.67 

J. A. Hendrick .... 1 32 4.63 3.92 



W. R. Av. G. A. 

Stark 6 47 10.34 7.74 

Taylor 4 71 7.56 5.42 

Smith 4 64 6.97 5.50 

Poggenburg 3 48 7.60 5.42 

Al Taylor, of Chicago, won play-off from J. De Mun Smith, of 
St. Louis. Approximate average of tournament, 5.25. Figures are 
not at hand to test whether or not the general averages of Taylor 
and Poggenburg were exactly alike. If they were, it was the first 
known case (see Metropolitan Championship, 1900, and "Another 
Tie in General Averages," 1903). 



1899. 

A. A. U.'s First Class A Tournament. Knickerbocker Club, 
N. Y. City, February 13-18th— Doubled 400-point games of 14.2, 
anchor barred, for an unchallengeable championship trophy presented 
by the B. B. C. Co. Martin Mullen, of Cleveland, lost none but 
opening game, and that to Wayman C. McCreery, of St. Louis, who 
won no other. Wilson P. Foss, of Haverstraw, N. Y., second. 



W. R. Av. G. A. 

Mullen 3 73 10.26 8.30 

Foss 2 133 12.25 8.27 

Average of tournament, 8.56. 



W. R. Av. G. A. 
McCreery.... 1 139 13.33 9.16 



Liederkranz Amateur Trophy. Liederkranz Society's Room, 
N. Y. City, May.— 300 points of 14:2 nightly, best in five, J. F. 
Poggenburg, averaging 12 in one session, won three, and J. Byron 
Stark two. 



280 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

Straight Rail vs. 8.2 Balkline Revived. Amateur handicap, 
Foley's Room, Chicago, March. — Al Taylor and Griffith played the 
line for 250 against the unlimited three-ball game of Gray (250), 
Cochrane, Harris, and the younger Foley (all at 180), McKay and 
Atwater (both 140), Rawson (130), and Wilder (120). Taylor, 
winning by 9 — 0, had highest general average (5.86), second-best 
run (74), and second-best single average (7.81), the highest run and 
single by a " railer " being the 126 and 13.85 of Foley, who got second 
place on 7 — 2. Atwater (6 — 3) third, and the veteran McKay 
(5—4) fourth. 



Schaefer vs. Slosson at 18.1. Lenox Lyceum, N. Y. City, May 
13th. — First of match of two games, each for $500 a side (see Cushion 
Caroms, May 22, for second). Schaefer, 600—13.64—139; Slosson, 
418—62. 



First Tournament National Association Amateur Billiard Players. 
These were two sets of handicap 14.2 games, both one as to the 
main prize (the Daly-Slosson Cup), but independent as to the two 
sets of other prizes. Poggenburg won at G. F. Slosson's Room, 
beginning November 13th, and Keeney at Maurice Daly's, ending 
December 15th. The records of the two tournaments are given 
side by side. 

W. R. Av. • G. A. 

Poggenburg, 300 5 2 70 40 9.68 5.66 7.21 5.20 

Stark, 300 3 3 77 63 10.34 10.79 7.77 6.78 

Keeney, 280 . 3 5 72 44 9.03 6.83 6.15 6.10 

Townsend, 280 2 3 61 48 8. 7.37 5.70 5.29 

Muldaur, 220 2 2 36 31 5.64 4.78 4.52 3.73 

Arnold, 220 23 19 3.09 3.17 

Approximate average of whole play at Slosson's, 5.75; at Daly's, 
4.32; of both combined, 5.30. 

Play-off for the Daly-Slosson Cup, December 19-20th: P., 600— 
6.82— 44; K., 439—33. 



A. A. U.'s Second Class B Tournament. Knickerbocker A. C, 
N. Y. City, December — 300 points, 14.2. This and all later ones 
given under authority of the A. A. U. were not strictly invitation 
tournaments, the box-office being open to the public. A. G. Cut- 
ler's run of 74 does not properly belong to this series of games, hav- 
ing been accomplished by reason of his preliminarily playing in 



Av. 


G.A. 


10.34 


7.65 


LI. 11 


6.19 


7.50 


5.58 



Threshie, Si 


nith and 


Kellogg's 


Hendrick .... 

Cutler 

Hevner 


W. R. 

2 52 

. ... 1 74 
. ... 36 


Av G. A. 
6.81 4.98 
6.31 5.42 
.... 3.67 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 281 

more games than some others, 
singles are winning ones. 

W. R. 

Threshie 5 74 

Smith 4 72 

Kellogg 3 49 

Tournament's approximate average, 5.55. 

Chicago Amateur Handicap. Foley's Room, December. — 14.2. 
Harris (145), 9—0; Al Taylor (300), 7—2; Levine (145), 6—3; and 
Lang, Atwater, and the younger Foley (severally 200, 135, and 170), 
all 5 — 4. Best single and general averages and highest runs were 
7.14—6.20—66 by Taylor, and 6.10—4—56 by Nolan (250), who 
won but two games. 



1900. 

A. A. U.'s Second Class A Tournament. Knickerbocker A. C, 
February 5-16th. — 400-point games, 14.2, anchor barred, for cham- 
pionship Silver Cup given by the B. B. C. Co., to become the property 
of anyone winning it thrice. 



W. R. Av. G.A. 

Foss 5 115 14.29 10.64 

McCreery 4 68 14.81 9.59 

Smith 3 54 8.51 7.50 

Average of tournament, 7.95. 



W. R. Av. G.A. 

Threshie 2 79 12.90 7.99 

Mial 1 80 7.41 6.32 

Conklin 44 5.68 



Metropolitan Amateur Championship of 14.2. First tournament 
held by Hanover Club, and second participated in by the N. A. A. 
B. P., Brooklyn, N. Y., March 12-17th. Average of tournament, 
6.57. 



W. R. Av. G.A. 

Poggenburg 3 49 8.33 -7.20 

Keeney 2 45 8.57 6.58 



W. R. Av. G. A. 

Townsend 1 33 5.77 5.52 

Stark 64 6.58 



The remarkable features were presented of three players, Stark, 
Keeney, and Poggenburg, having the same total innings (125), of 
Stark and Keeney with 821 points each, and of their also tieing 
on general average for the first time known to us in a demonstrated 
way. 



Roomkeepers' Championship of Philadelphia. This time without 
a handicap, it began May 3d in a tournament at 14.2. Merrick Levy 
won it, but had to average 4.88 against John Cline to do so. John 
Thornton was second. 



282 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



A. G. Cutler vs„ Chas. Threshie. Hub Billiard Palace, Boston, 
May 9th, 10th, 11th.— Match at 14.2. C, 1000—6.17—48; T., 
998 — 51. The pair had the rating then of amateurs. 



Cook County Amateur Championship, What with tournament 
bouts and challenge matches as a sequel, W. P. Mussey's memorable 
Chicago 14.2 series lasted this year from February 26th to August 
15th. That four out of the nine in the tournament met on even terms 
tended largely to overcome the logical objection to handicapping 
as a championship factor. The table below exhibits a winning 
average of 9.68 for one "scratch," as well as a general average of 
7.10. The challenge matches were always interesting, and often 
impressive, as when, with a run of 76 and an average of 10.34, 
Conklin took the emblem from Kellogg. McGinniss, like Kellogg, 
Brown, and Dr. Parker, lost half his tournament games; but he 
made amends by winning his whole six matches, thus acquiring 
ownership of the "Mussey Medal," in the final match for which, 
August 15th, he averaged 7.50 against Adams. 

W. R. Av. G. A. W. R. Av. G. A. 

Harley Parker, 225 . 4 52 6.82 3.86 J. D. Adams, 225 .. . 7 44 5.92 4.31 

R. J. McGinniss, 300. 4 52 9.68 7.10 T. J. Nolan, 250 2 35 4.90 4.15 

C. F. Conklin, 300 . . 7 47 7.68 6. B. S. Bingham, 200. . 3 36 5.74 3.69 

A. J. Brown, 225 ... 4 41 5.11 3.80 C. S. Schmitt, 300 . . 1 51 5.88 4.80 
W. W. Kellogg, 300 . 4 44 6.38 5.54 

In beating Conklin by 225 to 232 on the tie, Adams averaged 
5.77, and Kellogg reached 5.88 in depriving Adams of the cham- 
pionship in the very first match. Expressed in a round way, the 
average of the tournament was 4.80. 



Doubled Tournament Games at Daly's. N. Y. City, October 
15-20th. — Handicap at 14.2. Gallagher (400), 4 — 0; Morningstar 
(250), 3 — 1; Howison (200), 3 — 1. Highest runs, winning averages 
and general averages : M., 73—9.62—7.78; H., 39—10—6.07; G., 
84 — general, 12.55. Playing off tie, Howison won by 2 points on 
an average of 8.78. 



Clubmen Made Desperate by Ties. October. — The 14.2 tourna- 
ment of the Olympic Club, San Francisco, ended in a first-place 
tie of four out of seven — Dr. O. B. Burns, F. L. Taylor, J. J. Rog- 
gan, and W. Franklin. The first three tied again, shutting out 
Franklin; and after tieing again and again, they played once three- 
handed, which summarily cut the Gordian knot thus — Taylor, 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



283 



Burns, and Roggan. In the tournament proper, Burns had made 
high average (5.77), and Franklin the high run (42). 



Revival of 8.2 in New Orleans. Capt. John Miller's Room, 
October 22d to November 16th. — Louis Abrams and George H.- 
Miller, the two "scratchmen," were first and second among six. 
Best runs and averages: Abrams's 8.33 and 46, and Miller's 7.14 
and 57. 

Following week, same game, match for $50, best in three nights. 
Abrams made the more points, but Miller won the three nights, 
averaging 5.88 as his best, and running 48 to Abrams's 29 for high. 



Knickerbocker A. C.'s Championship of 14.2. N. Y. City, be- 
ginning December 26th and recordable chiefly because of the winner's 
having the unexampled privilege of " keeping warm " in the depth 
of winter by playing all his games one after another without inter- 
regnum, which necessarily had to deprive the remaining games 
of interest. Contestants: Chas. S. Norris, J. A. Hendrick, Dr. A. B. 
Miller, Dr. L. L. Mial, and Albro Akin. Best general average, 5.77 
by the winner-in-chief, Norris. 



1901. 



Championship of the N. A. A. B. P. First tournament, under the 
patronage of the Hanover Club, Brooklyn, N. Y., for the Brooklyn 
Eagle's Gold Cup, but the third annual one of the Association, 
Brooklyn, N. Y., January 14-26th. Arthur R. Townsend won 
play-off. Average of tournament, 5.96. Three tied on high run, 
and the other three were not far from virtually tieing on general 
average. Such closeness, practicable for any grade of performers 
at any form of cushion caroms, is phenomenal at 14.2 balkline for 
players of the speed of these. 



W. R. Av. G.A. 

Townsend 4 69 8.11 6.26 

Keeney 4 46 7.32 6.04 

E. W. Gardner . . 3 52 8.33 6.80 



W. R. Av. G.A. 

Stark 3 50 7.89 5.83 

Poggenburg 1 50 9.68 5.85 

F. C. Gardner ... 50 4.71 



A. A. U.'s Third Annual Class A Championship Tournament. 
Knickerbocker Club, N. Y. City, February 5-15th.— At 14.2. Aver- 
age of tournament, four 400-point games apiece, 6.39. 

W. R. Av. G.A. 

Conklin 4 52 8.70 7.55 Mial 

Threshie 3 47 7.41 7.37 McKee 

Hendrick 1 40 5.33 5.03 



w. 


R. 


Av. 


G.A. 


1 


63 


6.56 


6.39 


1 


60 


7.30 


5.85 



284 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

In the play-off, Mial made the best run and single average (89 and 
8.16), both in defeating McKee. 

As winner-in-chief, Conklin on February 16th played Foss, holder 
of the A. A. XL's championship. F., 400—10.87—69; C, 262—43. 



Morningstar vs. Howison. Maurice Daly's Room, N. Y. City, 
beginning February 18th. — Six nights' purse game at 14.2, even up. 
M., 1800—8.78—92; H., 1761—76. 



Progressive Billiards. City Athletic Club, Toronto, Can., Feb- 
ruary 23d. — Game so called, ten members on each side, using five 
tables with four players apiece. Messrs. White and McDonald made 
highest and lowest individual scores — 177 and 37. 



Three-handed Doubled Games. Daly's, N. Y. City, March 18- 
23d. — Handicap purse tournament at 14.2. Morningstar (300) — 
1122—23.08—183; Gallagher (400)— 1158— 19.05— 75; McLaughlin 
(400)— 1414— 20.— 92. G. A.— M., 14.20; McL., 13,09; G., 12.12. 

Competition by Telegraph. March 26th. — 14.2, St. Louis and 
Cleveland, Wayman C. McCreery playing in John Lacari's room and 
Martin Mullen in Ed. M. Helm's. Runs, etc., wired to and fro. 
Averages not announced. Totals and highest runs: M., 500 — 80; 
McC, 471 — 53. McCreery, who suggested this experimental contest, 
proposed to spot at every inning. As the St. Louisan later wrote 
The Weekly Billiardist: " Mullen thought that too easy, and amended 
by commencing in the ordinary way, viz., playing on the far ball, 
then playing with still ball for five innings, then respotting," and 
so on. 

" The Mussey Handicap." Mussey's Room, Chicago, ending 
May 7th. — Amateur 14.2 tournament for gold watch and chain. 
Messrs. Adams, Kurtz, Gerhardt, and Miehle, severally in at 240, 
200, 215, and 200, were trailers in that order. The other five, 
with their handicaps, best single averages and highest runs, were 
Ed. Rein (230)— 6.76— 52; Dr. Harley Parker (230)— 5.90— 65; 
W. W. Kellogg (275)— 8.60— 45; C. F. Conklin (300)— 8.57— 49; 
and H. A. Coleman, of Milwaukee (300)— 6.25— 36. The two post- 
men, Conklin and Coleman, won 5 — 3 each, while Rein and Parker, 
third heaviest weight-carriers, but first and second winners, won 7 
to 1 and 6 to 2. 

Morningstar vs. Jose Ortiz, of Spain. Daly's Room, N. Y. City, 
May, five nights' purse game of 14.2. M., 1500—10.49—83; O., 
1032—68. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 285 

C. F. Conklin's Lofty Average. A M. Clarke's 14,2 handicap, 
Chicago, closing May 29th. — Leaders were Conklin (250 and un- 
beaten), 15.60— run, 67; Brown (175), 5.67—33; Morin (175), 
6.50 — 38. The latter two tied in games with 5 up and 2 down, and 
Brown won play-off by 18. 



John Miller's Plexus, or Bunch of Ties. New Orleans, 14.2 
handicap, ending October 2d. — Of seven entries, Abrams (160), 
G. H. Miller (160), and Zaehringer (140), tied in high run (31), as 
also did Van Gelder and Peterson (120 each) on 21, while there were 
two ties for first prize, Abrams winning play-off, and three for fourth. 

Gallagher vs. Ortiz. Daly's, N. Y., October 7-1 lth. — 14.2 purse 
game. G., 1500—11.54—82; O., 913 (with 250 odds)— 58. 



Daly Handicap at 18.2. N. Y. City, October 21-26th, and Willie 
Hoppe's first in tournament, which was for purse. Handicap, best 
winning and general averages, and highest run, individually: Hoppe 
(200), 10.— 8.81— 54; Morningstar (300), 12.— 12.75— 59; McLaugh- 
lin (300), 15.79—13.79—89; Gallagher (300), 11.11—9.50—75; 
Ortiz (225), 5.22 (gen. av.) — 49. Hoppe and Ortiz reversed in 
games, 4 — to — 4, and the other three, tieing at 2 — 1, tied again, 
and then divided. 



Chicago Handicap at 14.2. Foley's Room, October 18 to Decem- 
ber 9th. — Amateur contestants — Harris and Kent, 200; Cochrane 
and Sorenson, 175; Miller, 160; Dethke, 145; Ballard, 135; Gunther 
and Shute, 130. Outcome — Harris, Ballard, Sorenson and Cochrane. 
High runs, with averages of both kinds: 49 — 5.26 — 4.00, by Harris. 
Miller's 44 was second in runs. 



Second World's Championship at 18.1. Madison Square Garden 
Concert Hall, N. Y. City, December 2-1 0th. — Tournament for 
jeweled badge and $2,000 in cash added by the B. B. C. Co. to $1,500 
in entrance fees and net receipts. This was the public d6but of 
Leon Barutel, Orlando Morningstar, and Leonard Howison in first- 
class company. Tournament's average, five 400-point games apiece, 
6.61. 



W.R. Av. G.A. 

Schaefer 5 68 12.50 7.78 

Slosson 3 45 10.26 7.58 

Barutel 3 42 8.70 6.19 



W.R. Av. G.A. 

Sutton 2 64 13.79 9.26 

Morningstar 1 62 9.52 5.21 

Howison 1 35 5.32 4.84 



286 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

Instead of any contest, there were three challenges for this em- 
blem. Sutton, who challenged twice, claimed it the latter time, 
and it was awarded to him on October 30, 1903, in default of Schae- 
fer's covering the challenge forfeit of $250. (See Jan. 29, 1904.) 

Championship of the Northwest at 14.2. Played for on a 4£x9 
table in Duluth, Fargo, Minneapolis, and St. Paul, November. 
Emblematic cup presented by B. B. C. Co. 

W. R. Av. G.A. W. R. Av. G.A. 

W. F. Hatley 5 85 14.40 10.33 C.Peterson 2 60 7.90 6.12 

G. E. Spears 4 86 15. 8.33 Chas. Clow 1 33 5.80 4.67 



Schaefer vs. Barutel at 18.2. Frank A. Keeney's Knickerbocker 
Academy, Brooklyn, N. Y., December 19-21st, three nights' purse 
game. S., 1800—16.90—85; B., 946—58. 



1902. 

Last Class B. Tournament of A. A. U. Knickerbocker Club, N. 
Y. City, winter of 1901-2. — Game, 14.2. Instead of by games, this 
tournament was to be decided by best general averages in case of 
tie for first place. A. G. Cutler, W. W. Kellogg, and J. A. Hendrick 
tied, and Cutler was winner on average. Other contestants were 
Frank Billiter, of Minneapolis, C. S. Schmitt, of Chicago, and W. A. 
Paige, of Boston, all new to this series of games. 



Second Tournament for " Brooklyn Eagle " Gold Cup. Brooklyn, 
N. Y., January 13-18th, under patronage of Hanover Club and 
under auspices of the N. A. A. B. P. Four games apiece, 300 points, 
14.2. Average of tournament, 5.32. Uniformity of runs and general 
averages is remarkable for players of their speed. 

W. R. Av. G.A. 
E. W. Gardner .... 4 52 6.12 5.48 
Townsend 2 39 6.25 5.20 



Stark 2 37 8.82 5.15 



W. R. Av. G.A- 

Poggenburg 1 40 6.52 5.88 

F.Gardner 1 38 5.26 5.13 



Championship of France at 18.2. Grand Hotel, Paris, February, 
500-point games. 

W. R. Av. G. A. I W. R. Av. G. A. 

Cure 2 156 17.86 16.65 Vignaux 2 175 50. 20.46 

Fournil 2 131 31.25 27.73 j Gibelin 70 . . 13.33 

Average of tournament, 18.22. The three ties were determined 
in the same hall in March, and placed Cure first, Fournil second, and 
Vignaux third. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 287 

Third and Last Annua?, for the A. A. U. Championship. Knicker- 
bocker Club, N. Y. City, February. — Average of tournament, six 
games apiece, 5.75. 

W. R. Av. G.A. I W. R. Av. G.A. 

Chas. Norris 5 62 8.89 6.55 Chas. Threshie 2 52 9.55 5.78 

W. H.Sigourney 5 64 7.02 5.50 J. A. Hendrick 134 7.84 4.60 

L. L. Mial 4 90 9.09 7.28 Dr. A. B. Miller ... 1 42 4.88 4.71 

C. F.Conklin ... 3 45 8.51 6.03 | 

Chas. S. Schmitt played in the opening game, was beaten by 
Sigourney (400 to 251, average 8.70), and then withdrew, Sigourney 
losing the credit both of his victory and of his highest average, 
instead of Schmitt's forfeiting his other games. (See " Revival of 
Cushion Caroms," 1903.) 

Mial alone beat Sigourney, and Sigourney was the only one who 
beat Norris (55 in 400). In playing off, Norris won by 25. 

February 19, as chief winner, Norris played Wilson P. Foss, who 
was 100 when Norris was 71, 153 when he was 211, 237 when he was 
307, and winner when he was 464. F., 500—6.85—52; N., 464—70. 
The B. B. C. Co.'s Challenge Cup then became the property of Foss, 
he having won it in tournament in 1900, defended it in 1901 match 
with Conklin, and now in match against another Chicagoan. 



Adorjan vs. Morningstar. Daly's, N. Y. City, May 26-30th. — 
300 a night, 18.2. A., 1500—17.08—105; M., 929—80. 

On the final night, the winner made double figures in ten innings 
out of his twelve — something whose like probably cannot be matched 
at any style of game, whether free three-ball or full four-ball. These 
were successive in the last eight — 27, 17, 21, 35, 23, 76, 46, 26. 



Championship of St. Paul and Minneapolis. Doubled 300-point 
games of 14.2, 4£x9, closing May 28th. 

W. R. Av. G.A. I W. R. Av. G.A. 

C.Ferris 3 77 10.34 9.15 G. E. Spears 1 55 * 8.4^ 

J. W.Carney.. 2 87 10.34 8.20 | 

♦The one winning average by Spears is lacking. 



Championship of Minnesota at 14.2. Opened at Ryan Hotel, 
St. Paul, June 16th.— 300 points, 4£x9. 

W. R. Av. G.A. I Y/. R. Av. G.A. 

Ferris 3 77 12.50 9.28 C. Clow 1 35 6.96 7.90 

Carney 1 65 10.71 7.94 I Spears 1 61 11.11 9.35 



288 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

New England Championship at 18.2. Boston, Mass., March 
25-27th. — Match announced as above (although no tournament 
had been held), Maxime Thomas, then of Worcester, Mass., vs. 
A. G. Cutler, Boston. C, 1000— av., 11.90; T., 862. Chief runs 
not high. 

Julius Adorjan, of Hungary, vs. McLaughlin. Daly's Room, 
N. Y. City, May 12-16th.— 300 points at 18.2. A., 1500—18.29— 
118; McL., 1294—120. Average of the whole play, 17.15 in 2794 
points. 



Pittsburg, Penn., Handicap at 14<,2. Great Northern Billiard 
Parlors, ending May 15th. — Won by James English, who was 
"scratch" with Messrs. Marshall (second prize), Phillippi and 
Roberts. The two last mentioned tied with Beymer for third, 
without playing' off. English made the best single average (4), as 
well as the best run (33), which, however, was equaled by one other. 
Messrs. Powers, Jack and Billings were the remaining contestants. 



Chicago 14.2 Handicap. Foley's, May 12th to July 12th. — 
Miller (150) first with 7 up and 2 down, and Rein, Kent, Brown, 
and Hale, respectively at 250, 210, 210, and 140, were tied with 
6 — 3 for from second to fifth. Rein was highest in averages and 
run, 7.58—5.33—45, and Kent next with 5.53—4.34 — 41. 



Amateur Class B Championship of Pacific. Waldorf Caf<§, San 
Francisco, July 12th to August 12th. — Games, 150 up, 14.2. Won 
by J. J. Roggan, who had beaten Frank Pecchart, the favorite, by 
1 point in tournament proper, and beat him by 44 in playing off. 
With no higher run than 16 in the game by which he won third prize, 
Frank Whitney made best average, 5.17. Pecchart's 36 was best 
run of all. The other players were Dr. O. B. Burns, Henry White, 
Frank Dubois, and Dr. W. E. Davis. 



Championship of the Northwest. St. Louis Hotel, Minn., Octo- 
ber 1st.— Wm. F. Hatley vs. G. E. Spears, 14.2 on 4^x9. H., 
300—13.04—44; S., 165—31. 

Waldorf Cafe' Handicap at 14.2. San Francisco, November. — 
Class B amateur tournament. Dr. O. B. Burns won his whole six 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



289 



games, while H. A. Wright, the one " scratchman," carrying a weight 
of from 16.67 to 36.67 per cent, more than his opponents, failed 
twice in his six trials, and tied with Messrs. Coffin and Carcass for 
second, third, and fourth prizes. The other contestants were Messrs. 
Howe, De Sola, and H. W. White. Wright made highest single 
and general averages and best run, 10.34 — 5.67 — 58. 



1903. 

Fast Play by Chicago Amateurs. December 29, 1902, to March 
18th. — Thos. Foley's annual winter handicap. Six ran past 40. 





W. 


R. 


Av. 




W. 


R. 


Av. 


Conklin, 300 


6 


58 


7.30 


Cochrane, 190 .... 


4 


32 


4.22 


Rein, 250 


10 


74 


12.50 


Miller, 165 


4 


56 


4.23 


Harris, 215 


4 


44 


7.17 


Adair, 150 


....3 


23 


4.29 


Brown, 215 


4 


46 


7.97 


Ballard, 150 


6 


20 


3.75 


Lang, 215 


2 


24 


3.47 


Hale, 150 


6 


37 


4.84 


Kent, 215 


6 


50 


6.94 











G. E. Spears vs. Wm. Ryle. Kansas City, January 12-14th, 
Minneapolis, January 19-21st.— At 14.2. S., 3000— 7.— 75; R., 
2447—45. April, 1904: S., 1800—73; R., 1493. 



Third Tournament for " Brooklyn Eagle " Gold Cup. Brooklyn, 
N. Y., February 2-13th— Under patronage of Hanover Club, 300 
points nightly, 14.2. Game that directly caused a tie: W. P. 
Foss, 300— 10— 67; E. W. Gardner, 280—31. Play-off, February 
14th— F., 300—15—73; G., 149—38. Tie of four not played off. 
Average of tournament, 7.87. 



W. R. Av. G.A. 

Stark 2 47 7.69 6.77 

Townsend 2 59 8.57 7.41 

Mial 2 79 8.11 7.31 



W. R. Av. G.A. 

Foss 5 82 18.75 12.13 

Gardner 5 58 12. 8.72 

Conklin 3 59 10.34 6.80 

Poggenburg 2 71 9.38 7.51 

Gardner lost only to Foss, and Foss to none but Conklin, who then 
made his best average. 

Of the three — Townsend, Gardner, and Foss — having an equal 
lien upon this championship, the last declined to compete in the 
tournament of 1904, which see. 



Townsend vs. Conklin. Knickerbocker Academy, Brooklyn, 
N. Y., February 16-19th. — 14„2 for a jewel trophy offered by Frank 



290 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

A. Keeney. T., 1000—7.11; C, 918. Neither surpassed his high 
run in tourney that led to the match. 



First World's Championship of 18.2. Grand Hotel, Paris, France, 
February 15-20th. — Tournament for emblem and $1,000 in cash, 
both given by the B. B. C. Co., and added to entrance fees and net 
receipts. Average of tournament, 17.47. 

W. R. Av. G. A. I W. R. Av. G. A. 

Cure 2 113 20.83 19.76 Vignaux 2 136 23.81 22.29 

Sutton 2 200 31.25 20.81 I Slosson 71 8.49 

Weeks before play began, the four entered into a parole agree- 
ment to play off ties, as well as to divide the net receipts equally. 
Months before that, the first three had signed a document requiring 
all ties to be determined by the general averages, and specifying as 
prizes only the emblem, the given money, and the entrance fees. 
At the conclusion of the final game (Vignaux vs. Cure), it was 
announced that ties would be played off in the same hall, beginning 
February 25th. Vignaux declined to play off, claiming to have 
won on general average, and carrying the case into court. Litigation 
lasted nine months, the claimant being awarded the championship 
in his first suit, but denied the equal share in the receipts forming 
the basis of his second. 

All matches are for the jeweled emblem and $500 a side, 500 points 
up. The first: 

Vignaux vs. Sutton. Grand Hotel, Paris, January 29, 1904. V., 
500—19.23—148: S., 496—128. 



Another Tie in General Averages. Yearly championship of the 
N. Y. A. C. at 14.2, closing February 26th.— Dr. Walter G. Douglas 
had for years been the club's champion at both caroms and pool 
(beaten at the latter this year), and the tournament of 1903 is given 
only because of the rarity of an exact tie in general averages, which 
might not have occurred, however, had not Percy Gardner forfeited 
to J. V. B. Rapp. 

W. R. Av. G. A. I W. R. Av. G. A. 

Douglas 3 32 4.80 4.41 Kinsman 1 22 3.33 2.86 

Rapp 2 38 5.21 4.41 | Gardner 15 2.42 1.94 

Philadelphia Amateur Championship at 14.2. Hall of Phila- 
delphia A. C, closing March 27th. — Won by T. Mortimer Rolls, 
Belmont Cricket Club, who had also won in 1902, when this cham- 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 291 

pionship was instituted b} r the Schuylkill Navy. R. won by 7 — 0, 
and in one game averaged 4.79. With 5 — 2, J. E. Cape Morton 
(av., 4.38) and C. A. Shedaker tied for second and third, Morton 
losing play-off by 250 to 162. Over 4,000 persons saw the tourney in 
whole or part. 



Armless Sutton vs. Gallagher. Given 300 in 1500 at Clarence 
Green's, March 16-20th, and 600 in 3000 at Maurice Daly's, March 
23-27 th, and losing by 653 in N. Y. City, but by only 89 in Brooklyn, 
George H. Sutton made first formal appearance in the East. 

Amateur Championship of Twin Cities, Minneapolis and St. Paul. 
West Hotel, March. — 14:2 on 4^x9. Parker won by 6 — 0, with 
highest single average, 5.72. Thayer was second. Huyck made 
highest run, 51. 



Amateur Championship of France and Belgium. National 
Academy of Amateurs (El Dorado), Paris, France, March and April, 
games 400 points, 18:2. Eight entries, MM. R6rolle, Rasquinet, 
R. Maure, Lejeune, Fouquet, Naves, Nelys, and Comte de Dr6e. 
First and second winners were R6rolle of Toulouse, and Rasquinet, 
then an army officer in Brussels. One scored 2800, not losing a 
game, and the other, beaten only by Rerolle (400 to 391), 2791. 
Against Rasquinet, opponents scored 2319; against R6rolle, but 
1485. The highest runs, allowing only one for each player per game, 
were 109, 103, 87, 73, 73, 61, and 55 for Rerolle, and 91, 67, 63, 42, 
41, 30, and 27 for Rasquinet. In single winning averages, Rasquinet 
reached double figures but twice, viz., 10, and 10.50, while R6rolle 
reached them in every game, viz., 11.70, 14.60, 14.80, 14.80, 15.30, 
17.30, and 33.33 (Lejeune in this game scored but 64 altogether). 
The general averages, as forwarded from Paris, were 17.40 and 10.10 
for Rerolle and Rasquinet ; but their single averages, as forwarded, 
together with their total points per game, show their general aver- 
ages to have been 15.91 and 9.83. 

Pittsburg, Penn., Handicap. Great Northern Room, April and 
May. — At 4.2, and probably on a 4£x9. Bennie (185) tied Poland 
(170), 5 — 1 in games each, for first prize ($100), and won play-off. 
Phillippi (185) beat English (200) for third and fourth after tieing 
at 4 — 2. English, who won the series in 1892, this year made best 
winning average (5.56), first against Poland and next against Jack. 
Powers and Miller were the other two players. 



292 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



Pacific Coast Class B Amateurs. Jas. F. Morley's Rooms, San 
Francisco, June and July. — 14:2 championship. Won by Frank 
Pecchart, Frank Coffin second. The pair having tied, P. won play- 
off by 200 to 127, averaging 5.26. 



Chas. Ferris vs. Al Taylor. West Hotel, Minneapolis, October. — 
Three nights of 14:2 on a 4£x9, purse game. F., 1200—19.67—112; 
T., 1008—105. 



High Amateur Averages. Maurice Daly's, N. Y. City, ending 
October 26th. — Ferdinand Poggenburg and Dr. L. L. Mial going 
300 to Wm: GershePs 250, doubled games of 14 :2. 

W. R. Av. G.A. | W. R. Av. G.A. 

Poggenburg.. 4 119 17.65 11.11 Mial 51 7.86 

Gershel 2 33 8.93 5.97 



Championship of the Northwest. Fargo, N. D., Duluth and 
Minneapolis, Minn., ending November 13th. — For cash prizes and a 
challenge emblem presented by the B. B. C. Co. Doubled games 
of 14:2, 300 points, on a 4^x9 table. Average of tournament, 10.03. 



W. R. Av. G.A. 

W. F. Hatley.. . 6 88 21.43 13.81 

F. Billiter 5 94 13.64 10.67 

G. Spears 5 67 15. 9.89 



W. R. Av. G.A. 
G Peterson ... . 3 70 14.29 10.04 
C. Ferris 1 91 17.65 9.06 



J. W. Carney vs. George Kenniston. Hoffman Billiard Parlors, 
Los Angeles, Cal., November 18-20th. — Purse game, 14:2. C, 
1000—7.60—50; K., 953—45. 



McLaughlin vs. Gillette. Daly's Room, N. Y. City, December 
l-3d.— Purse game, 18:2. McL., 1000—13.16—100; G., 485—38. 

Brooklyn Amateur Tournament at 14:2. Keeney's Knicker- 
bocker Academy, ending December 14th. — 200-point games. Won 
by C. B. Barker, who made high run and average — 41 and 8.70. In 
playing off ties for second and third prizes, C. E. White beat Dr. H. 
D. Jennings. Other contestants were Frank Boyd and L. A. 
Servatius. 



Amateur Tournament at 14:2. Metropolitan Academy, N. Y. 
City, games of 200 points, ending December 15th. — Won by L. A. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 293 

Servatius in playing off tics with Messrs. Bennett and Farley. Ser- 
vatius averaged 4.65 in defeating Farley. J. H. Millette made high 
run — 39. 



Eames vs. Cutler. Hub Billiard Parlors, Boston, November 
3-5th — 400 points nightly, 18:2, $250 a side. E., 1200—15.19— 
124; C, 1021 — 84. The remote cause of this contest was that 
Cutler, having withdrawn from the amateur ranks, had the year 
before, in Boston, while Eames was in Denver, Col., played and won 
from Thomas, formerly of Montreal, a balkline match of multiple 
nights announced as for the championship of New England. 



1904. 

First American Amateur Tournament at 18:2. Daly's, N. Y. 
City, beginning January 4th. Handicap. 

W. R. Av. G.A. 

J. F. Poggenburg (300) 3 58 10. 8.41 

Dr. L. L. Mial (300) 2 60 8.57 8.51 

Wm. Gershel (250) 1 27 4.15 5.13 

F. M. Canda (225) 26 3.71 



First Match for 18:2 Championship of the World. See Vignaux 
vs. Sutton, January 29, 1904, under February, 1903. 



Pittsburg, Pa., Handicap at 14:2. Great Northern Billiard Hall, 
January ll-26th. — 4^x9 table. First to fourth, Messrs. Bennie, 
Jack, Powers, and Brown. Bennie, the only " scratchman," made 
highest run and best average — 36 and 6.90. 



Chicago Handicap at 14:2. A. M. Clarke's Room, ending January 
28th. — J. M. Miller (175), first in field of ten, winning every game. 
C. F. Conklin (300), beaten only by Miller (175 to 213), made highest 
run (112) and best average (12). John Daly, who also was at 300, 
won only a game or two. 



Fourth Annual Gold Cup Championship. Under patronage of 
the German Liederkranz Society and the N. A. A. B. P. Held in 
the minor hall of the German Liederkranz Society, N. Y. City, 
February l-13th. — Game, 300 points, 14:2, Arthur Marcotte, of 
Quebec, representing Canada; C. F. Conklin, Chicago; J. De Munn 



294 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



Smith, St. Louis; E. W. Gardner, New Jersey; and Dr. L. L. Mial, 
Arthur Townsend, and J. Ferdinand Poggenburg, N. Y. City. Prizes: 
First, the " Brooklyn Eagle " Gold Cup (contingent upon three win- 
nings, consecutive or non-consecutive) and a royal Dresden vase 
(absolute); second, silver punchbowl and ladle; third, marble statue 
of "Night"; fourth, a camera; for high run, an ornate clock, with 
candelabra; for best single average, a cut-glass wine set, with silver 
tray. Average of tournament, six games apiece, 6.66. 

W. R. Av. G.A. 

Poggenburg 5 73 13.64 8.56 

Mial 5 73 10. 7.39 

Gardner 4 64 9.68 6.75 

Conklin 3 68 13.04 8.41 

Tie game, November 13th: Poggenburg, 300 — 9.68 — 41; Mial, 
185 — 31. By agreement, high run in this game also determined 
the tie as to high run of tournament. 

Four players now have equal claims upon the Gold Cup, viz., 
Messrs. Townsend, Gardner, Foss, and Poggenburg, severally as 
winners of the tournaments of 1901, 1902, 1903, and 1904. 



W. R. Av. G.A. 

Townsend 2 60 9.09 5.98 

Smith 1 50 6.82 5.62 

Marcotte 1 35 3.90 4.67 



Championship of "The Young Masters." Salle Scribe, Grand 
Hotel, Paris, France, beginning January 31st. Tournament at 
18:2 (in reality, 45 centimetres, or 17f in.), 400-point games. There 
were ten in at the outset, but Jose Ortiz, of Spain, and Mons. Pay an, 
of France, appear not to have played, while Juan Alvarez, of Spain, 
and Al Taylor and Joseph Capron, of Chicago, seem to have with- 
drawn after playing two unsuccessful games apiece. This table, for- 
warded from Paris, limits itself to the four games played by every 
one of the five named therein after the others had withdrawn. 

W. R. Av. G.A. 

Willie Hoppe 4 94 17.39 12.80 

Manuel Sanchez 3 54 18.18 13.71 

Robert Glorieux 2 100 11.76 10.86 

Ora Morningstar 1 107 18.18 13.89 

Mons. Ducasse 52 8.78 

We make the average of the final four games apiece, or ten in all, 
to be 11.82. 

As matter of exact record, Hoppe's best winning average is 20, 
made in defeating Taylor by 400 to 164; Morningstar's 21.05, in 
defeating Capron by 400 to 85; and Glorieux's 12.90, in defeating 
Taylor by 400 to 310. The general averages of those known here 
to have played six games apiece are: Morningstar, 14.14; Hoppe, 
13.66; and Sanchez, 12.36. Omission of the first two games played 
by every one of those three affects the single and general averages 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 295 

somewhat, but not the high runs at all, all five of t"he tabulated con- 
testants happening to have made their highest in their latest four 
games. 



Boston Class A Amateur Tournament at 14:2. "The Hub" 
Academy, closing about February 26th. — Won by W. A. Paige, who 
defeated Charles Eaton in final game by 300 to 260. Table probably 
4*x9. 

Championship of the World at 18:1. Paris, France, March 4th. — 
First match contest for championship instituted in 1901 and $500 
a side. Maurice Vignaux, 500 — 12.82 — 89; Geo. Sutton (as cham- 
pion), 387—79. 



Brooklyn Amateur Handicap at 14:2. Keeney's Knickerbocker 
Academy, February and March. — H. Hoxie, H. White, and F. Lowen- 
thal, tied, won play-offs in that order March 7th, 8th, 9th. 

Fifth Avenue Hotel Amateur Handicap at 14:2. N. Y. City, 
ending March 12th.— C. E. White (300), 5—0; E. O. Presby (250), 
second. In playing off for third prize, Dr. W. G. Douglas (300) 
defeated L. A. Servatius (250) and J. M. Millette (225). F. M. 
Canda (300), who beat Douglas only, made highest run of tourna- 
ment (46), and White the highest single (6.67) and general average 
(5.51). 

Interclub Tournament at 14:2. Arts Club, Philadelphia, Febru- 
ary and March. — Won by T. Mortimer Rolls, of Belmont Cricket 
Club, who made highest runs and single averages (94 and 10.87, 
both against T. R. Reaney, and 51 and 6.95, both against Dr. C. A. 
Borda). Other competitors were Harrison Townsend, Julius J. 
Hovey, J. E. Cape Morton, and Dr. Holden. 

Foley's Chicago Amateur Handicap at 14:2. Ended March 23d. — 
J. M. Miller (155) first, Ed. C. Rein (250) second, and Messrs. Hale 
and Cochrane (both 180) tied for third and fourth. Rein made 
highest run (76) and best single average (11.36, against Hale, in 
final game) . 



Amateur International Souvenir Match at 18:2. Theatre of the 
Automobile Club of France, Paris, March 29th, 30th, 31st, for an 



296 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



emblem presented by the B. B. C. Co. Admission by invitation. 
Lucien Rerolle, of Toulouse, 1200—12.24—129, 94, 71; W. P. Foss, 
of Haverstraw, N. Y., 1153—74, 73, 63. 



Championship of Billiard Club at 14:2. N. Y. City, ending March 
29th in tie among Dr. A. B. Miller, Florian Tobias, and Dr. W. G. 
Douglas. Of the eight contestants, Wm, Gershel made the highest run 
(65), Douglas the next highest (51), and Tobias the third highest (50). 
The highest average (8.06) was made by both Douglas and Miller. 

Miller, in winning both plays-off, ran 52 and averaged 11.36 
against Douglas, this final contest of theirs occurring April 18th. 
All games were of 250 points. The 11.36 is Miller's best perform- 
ance in a set competition to date. 



Championship of Minneapolis. Hotel Vendome, March and 
April, game 14:2 on a 4^x9 table, with seven contestants. — Win- 
ner was Hogue, who lost no game. Logan, who was second, was 
beaten only by Hogue, and made best run, single average, and 
general average, viz., 43, 7.14, and 5.28. 





W. R. Av. G.A. 


C. B. Barker. . 


. . 1 36 5.45 4.87 


C.E.White... 


. . 38 .... 4.04 



Interborough Amateur Tournament at 14:2. Maurice Daly's 
Room, N. Y., March 28th to April 14th, including ties. All games 
were 300 up. Average of tournament, 5.50. 

W. R. Av. G.A. 

Dr. W. G. Douglas 3 43 6.26 5.60 

F. M. Canda .... 3 42 7.14 6.68 

A. Lewenberg ... 3 40 7.50 6.02 

The playing-off resulted in another tie, Douglas being beaten by 
Lewenberg, Canda by Douglas, and Lewenberg by Canda. In beat- 
ing Canda for the second time, Douglas averaged 9.68, thus sur- 
passing his best previous one — 8. 06 (vide "Championship of Billiard 
Club at 14:2," above). In the second play-off, Douglas beat both 
Lewenberg and Canda, and the latter lost to Lewenberg. 



Mussey's Handicap at 14:2. Chicago, 111., March and April, 
with C. F. Conklin and R. J. Maginniss at "scratch" (300). Of the 
other eight, H. A. Coleman represented Milwaukee, and C. S. 
Schmitt, once of Chicago, had latterly moved from Boston, Mass., 
to Racine, Wis. Messrs. Reinman, Huntley, Adams, Harley Parker, 
and George Kent were of the eight representatives of Chicago. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



297 



Maginniss, who made best run (89) and best single average (13.64), 
was winner-in-chief, with Schmitt second. Conklin, who made the 
best general average, was third, and Coleman and Adams divided 
fourth and fifth prizes. Maginniss and Conklin played the final 
game, April 29, the latter losing. Maginniss was beaten by Kent 
only. 



French Amateur Championship of the World at 14:2. Billiard 
Palace, Boulevard des Capucines, Paris, March 7-2 1st, under the au- 
spices of the Federation des Societes Francaises d'Amateurs de 
Billard. Unlike that at 18:2, won by Rerolle a year before, this 
championship is typified in a Challenge Cup, the gift of the B. B. 
C. Co. There were twenty-one entries, but a weeding-out process 
left but six for the final rounds, whose fifteen games resulted in 
these winnings : 



Rerolle 5 

Darantiere 4 

Blanc 3 



De Dree 2 

Maure 1 

Cayla 



Maure forfeited a half -finished game to De Dree. The best runs 
of the whole tournament were 111 by Rerolle (in the last game of 
all, which was with Darantiere, second winner) and 108 by Maure. 
The third-best run seems to have been Darantiere's 89. The best 
winning average was Rerolle's 20 against Blanc. As to general 
averages, there are no complete figures at hand as to any one of the 
players ; but Rerolle's was probably not far below 15. The games 
were 400 up. A special round of 250-point ones for a consolation 
prize terminated as follows : Nelys, 3-0 ; Castel, 2-1 ; Faroux, 1-2 ; 
Lamare, 0-3. In the deciding game of this round, Nelys vs. Faroux, 
the former averaged 8.62, with 31 for high run to 27 for the loser 
(Faroux). 



BEST RECORD PERFORMANCES 

ON DIFFERENT LINES, BUT ALWAYS ON A 5x10 TABLE. 



AVERAGES IN CHAMPIONSHIP MATCHES. 

26.67 in 800, 14:2— F. C. Ives, 1892. 
15.91 in 600, 18:1— F. C. Ives, 1898. 
19.23 in 500, 18:2— M. Vignaux, Paris, 1904. 



298 MODERN BILLIARDS. 



RUNS IN CHAMPIONSHIP MATCHES. 

155 in 800-point game, 14:2— J. Schaefer, 1892. 
91 in 600-point game, 18:1— F. C. Ives, 1898. 
148 in 500, 18:2— M. Vignaux, Paris, 1904. 

AVERAGES IN CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENTS. 

40 in 600, 8:2— J. Schaefer, 188c 

30.25 in 500, 18:1— F. C. Ives, 1897. 

50 in 600, 18:2 — M. Vignaux, Paris (championship of France), 1902. 

31.25 in 600, 18:2— G. Sutton, Paris (championship of world), 1903. 

RUNS IN CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENTS. 

246 in 600-point game, 8:2 — M. Vignaux, 1883. 

140 in 500-point game, 18:1 — F. C. Ives, 1897. 

175 in 600-point game, 18:2 — M. Vignaux, Paris (championship of France), 
1902. 

200 in 500-point game, 18:2 — G. Sutton, Paris (championship of world), 
1903. 

BEST GENERAL. AVERAGES (CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENTS ONLY). 

23.23, game 8:2, Chicago — J. Schaefer, winner, 1883. 

9.39, game 18:1, N. Y. City— G. F. Slosson, winner, 1897. 

9.26, game 18:1, N. Y. City— G. Sutton, fourth prize, 1901. 

27.73, game 18:2, Paris, France — Edouard Fournil, tied with L. Cure and 
M. Vignaux, and second in play-off, with Cure first (championship of 
France), 1902. 

22.29, game 18:2, Paris, France — M. Vignaux, tied with L. Cure and G. 
Sutton (championship of world), 1903. 

AVERAGES IN NON-CHAMPIONSHIP MATCHES. 

44.75 in 3000, 8:2— M. Vignaux, Paris, 1884. 
38.10 in 800, 8:2— J. Schaefer, 1884. 
14.55 in 800, 12:2— J. Schaefer, 1885. 
25.86 in 3000, 14:2— J. Schaefer, 1886. 
22.22 in 800, 14:2— G. F. Slosson, 1891. 
27.41 in 4000, 14:2— J. Schaefer, 1893. 
48.62 in 3600, 14:2— F. C. Ives, 1894. 
18.29 in 1500, 18:2— J. Adorjan, 1902. 

RUNS IN NON-CHAMPIONSHIP MATCHES. 

329 in 3000-point game, 8:2 — M. Vignaux, Paris, 1884. 

211 in 800-point game, 8:2— J. Schaefer, 1884. 

109 in 800-point game, 12:2 — J. Schaefer, 1885. 

230 in 3000-point game, 14:2 — J. Schaefer, 1886. 

173 in 800-point game, 14:2— G. F. Slosson, 1891. 

456 (anchor) in 4000-point game, 14:2— F. C. Ives, 1893. 

359 in 3600-point game, 14:2 — F. C. Ives, 1894. 

120 in 1500-point game, 18:2 — Ed. McLaughlin, 1902. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 299 



AVERAGES IN NON-CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENTS. 

75 in 600, 14:2— M.Vignaux, 1885. 
38.46 in 600, 14:2— J. Schaefer, 1890. 

100 in 600, 14:2— J. Schaefer in New York and F. C. Ives in Chicago, both 
due to anchor, 1893. 

50 in 600, 18:2— F. C. Ives, 1896. 
40 in 400, 18:2— J. Schaefer, 1898. 

RUNS IN NON-CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENTS. 

566 (anchor) in 600-point game, 14:2 — J. Schaefer, 1893. 
200 in 600-point game, 18:2— F. C. Ives, New York, 1896. 
Ill in 500-point game, 18:1— J. Schaefer, 1896. 
138 in 400-point game, 18:1— F. C. Ives, 1898. 



CUSHION CAROMS. 



[When not otherwise specified, all play was at ordinary C. C., with 
three 2f balls on 5x10 table, cushion being taken at some time before 
hitting second object-ball.] 



1867. 



First Public Exhibition. Opening of Tobin & Bosworth's Room, 
Boston, October, 1867. — Played with four balls on a 5^x11 four- 
pocket table, Joseph Dion, of Montreal, defeating John McDevitt, 
of N. Y. City. 



1878. 



First Public Match Contest. Bumstead Hall, Boston, February 
21st. — $250 a side, Jacob Schaefer discounting John H. Flack. 
Schaefer's actual score at close, 300; average of all points he made, 
2.50; best run, 35. Flack's total, 299; best run, 8. Time, 5h. 50m. 

First Tournament. Begun in a St. Louis billiard room, March 
14th. — The games, as reported, were 400 points up, and the best 
averages of the four prize-winners (Frank Day, S. G. Baldwin, 
Eugene Wolff, and Edward Warner) 3.60, 2.98, 2.14, and 3.15, 
with 23, 18, 14, and 38 as their high runs respectively. Figures 
sometimes need vouchers. It was not until three years later that 
the finest professionals in the land were able to equal some of the 
foregoing, and not until 1883 that such professionals ventured upon 
longer games in tournament than 200 points, and then on a 4^x9 table. 



1881. 

The Sexton-Schaefer Matches. All independent of one another. 
First : 

Cooper Institute, N. Y. City, February 15th. — $500 a side, 
Schaefer, 400—3.92—26; Sexton, 396—21. 

300 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



301 



Tammany Hall, same city, $1,000 a side, February 26th. — 
Sexton, 400—3.33—27; Schaefer, 363—20. 

Same hall, December 29th.— $2,500 a side. Sexton, 600—3.87— 
77; Schaefer, 576 — 23. That 77 is still record-high for a public 
match. 

Academy of Music, same city and like stake, April 27, 1882. — 
Sexton, 600—4.05—32; Schaefer, 538—28. (Owing to the 77 run 
in the other, this match drew by far the most money cushion-caroms 
have ever known.) 



First Tournament in the East. Philadelphia Roomkeepers' 
Championship, played in various rooms, April 4-20, 1881. — Victor 
Estephe winning 6 — 0, McLaughlin 5 — 1, Chris. Bird, Ed. Nelms, 
and Robt. Hunter 3 — 3, Pincus Levy 1 — 5, and Jas. Palmer — 6. 
All games 150 up. 

In ensuing matches, same points, Estephe beat McLaughlin and 
Hunter, and then McLaughlin won six straight — from Estephe, 
Bird, and Palmer once apiece, and from Hunter thrice. 



Only Four-handed Game in Public. Winter Circus, Paris, France, 
June 26, 1881. — 4£x9 table, purse game. Vignaux and Gamier, 
600 — 6.12 — 25 and 12 each for best run; Slosson and Lucien Piot„ 
577—22 and 14 for runs. 



Only World's Championship. Tammany Hall, November 14-19th 
and Cooper Institute, November 21 -26th, both N. Y. City. — For an 
emblem and $2,500 in prize money. Games, 200 points up, nine 
for every plaj'er. Slosson and Lon Morris were first and second in 
playing off triple tie. 



W. R. Av. G.A. 

J. Dion, $1,000 7 45 4.26 3.40 

Schaefer, $700 6 35 6.25 3.20 

Slosson, $500 5 32 5.13 3.56 

Morris, $300 5 37 4.35 3. 

Wallace 5 26 3.45 2.98 



W. R. Av. G.A. 

Daly 4 44 3.85 3.04 

Gallagher 4 29 3.72 2.91 

Carter 4 27 4.44 2.85 

Sexton 3 32 '3.57 2.93 

Heiser 2 18 3.68 2.49 



There having been but one other first-class professional tourna- 
ment, and that on different terms, it would subserve no purpose 
to figure out the exact average of the entire play. Approximately, 
3.04. 

There was never a match for this championship. Sexton chal- 
lenged, and on September 23d Dion -resigned on the ground that 
the conditions announced when he competed for the emblem had 
not been observed. Sexton held it thenceforward without challenge- 



302 



MODEEN BILLIARDS. 



1882. 

First Tournament " Down East." Boston, Mass., closing Jan- 
uary 5th. — For amateur championship. Prize-winners were Moses 
Yatter, E. H. Marshall, G. A. Roberts, Thos. R. Tarrant, and Chas. 
F. Campbell. The last subsequently acquired the emblematic silver 
cup and lost it to Marshall, April 12th, by 250 to 241. Campbell 
and Yatter played for the State championship on January 25, 1883, 
and out of that match (C, 250—1.85—12; Y., 249—11) came the 
State championship of 1884. 

Piot vs. Schaefer. Grand Caf6, Paris, February 10th. — $50 a 
side. P., 200; S., 198. 



Eugene Kimball vs. Sexton. Cooper Institute, N. Y. City, April 
29th. — $500 a side. K. (with odds of 150), 500—3.37 in 350—26; 
S., 403—42. 



Slosson vs. Sexton. Assembly Buildings, Philadelphia, public 
contest in aid of National Billiard Association. Slosson, 300; 
Sexton, 198. 



Daly vs. Kimball. Tammany Hall, N. Y. City, June 1st.— $500 
a side, even up. D., 500—4.35—28; K., 347—30. [See Sexton vs. 
Daly below, and also Carter vs. Gallagher under 1884, for 4.35 as 
a tie on high record average thrice.] 



Sexton vs. Daly. Independent matches, each for $500 a side 
and in Tammany Hall, N. Y. City.— December 1, 1882: S., 500— 
3.57—27; D., 456—24. January 6, 1883: D., 500—4.35—44; S. 
467—30. 



1883. 

Only Championship of America. Tammany Hall, N. Y. City, 
May 14-25th. — $3,000 in money and an emblem presented by H. W. 
Collender ; 500 points on 4^x9 ; shot to count whether cue-ball cush- 
ioned before hitting second object-ball or after hitting both and 
before hitting either again. This was a revival. It was little fol- 
lowed after 1883, and was expunged from the rules in 1897. 

W.R. Av. G.A. 

Daly, $1,200 5 56 8.06 6.550 

Wallace, $800 4 41 5.62 5.25 

Schaefer, $500 ... 4 49 10. 6.559 

Vignaux, $300 ... 3 43 7.94 6.09 



W. R. Av. G.A. 

J. Dion 3 47 6.17 5.21 

Sexton 2 65 6.89 5.37 

Carter. 36 4.82 



MODEKN BILLIARDS. 303 

This tournament is exceptional among professional ones in that 
before his one defeat (by Schaefer) Daly had won the championship, 
Wallace and Vignaux won play-offs. In thus defeating Schaefer. 
Wallace ran 76 and averaged 7.25. Sexton's 6.89 is a losing average. 
The general averages of Daly and Schaefer were a close call, of which 
the old form of expression (6.248-451 and 6.238-426) gives scant 
idea. Average of tournament, 5.66. 

There was but one match. Sexton and Vignaux both challenged, 
Daly resigned to Sexton as having priority, and Slosson challenged 
on September 22d. Sexton thereupon named Chicago and unex- 
pectedly a 5x10 table for the contest. This was the first time that 
a champion ever chose a place not his own residence, and such a 
naming did not happen again until April, 1902, when, Schaefer and 
Vignaux both being in Paris, the former named N. Y. City, and in 
consequence there was no contest. Slosson was not to be balked, 
and finally found himself up against a faster Collender cushion than 
he had been given to practise with, which will explain the drop in 
average. 

SEXTON LOSES TO SLOSSON. Central Music Hall, Chicago, 
October 24th. — Championship and $500 a side. Slosson, 500 — 3.55 — 
38; Sexton, 483— 30. 

Next day, Slosson resigned the emblem to its donor. Passing 
again to Sexton without further competition, it eventually became 
his in perpetuity. 

Johnson vs. Reeves for $1,000 a Side. Madison Square Hall, 
N. Y. City, November 9th. — 4£x9 table. David Johnson, 250— 
2.14—13; John T. Reeves, 233—12. (See Bookmakers' Tourna- 
ments.) 

— : ir — 

1884. 

Carter vs. Gallagher. St. Louis, February 20th. — $500 a side. 
C, 400—4.35—33; G., 327—31. [Carried a term higher, Carter's 
average becomes a shade better than the best prior match record, 
being 4.348 to Daly's 4.347.] 



Championship of Massachusetts. W. P. Marshall's Room, 
Boston, tournament on 4£x9, ending March 1st. — Moses Yatter 
8—1, E. H. Marshall 7—2, C. F. Campbell 6—3, and T. W. Allen 3—4, 
prize-winners. Allen made the best run, 26, and Campbell the 
highest winning average, 3.33. 

There were nine match-contests for the emblem, John Morse 



304 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

winning the first three, Campbell the fourth and fifth, and Yatter. 
the remaining four. 



Championship of Ohio. Mozart Hall, Cincinnati, April 21-26th. — 
4^x9 table. Seven contestants, these four being prize-winners: 
John A. Thatcher, 6—0, $200 and medal; Tony Honing, 4—3, $125; 
Harry Bussey, 4 — 2 (beaten by Honing in play-off), $75; and West 
(beat W. De Long in play-off), $50. Championship competition 
ended with tournament. 



1§§5. 



Second Massachusetts Championship,, This was the pioneer 
prohibition one, Yatter and Campbell being barred. Boston, Jan- 
uary 12th to February 13th.— 4^x9 table. Jas. O'Neil 9—0, Fred 
Eames 7 — 2, E. H. Marshall 6 — 3, and Chas. Barnard 5 — 4, were 
prize-winners. Best average, 3.45, was by Eames, whose 22 tied 
W. G. Gilman's for high-run prize, won by G. in playing off. Emblem 
was held successively by O'Neil (forfeited through illness), Marshall, 
O'Neil again, and Eames finally. 



Sexton vs. Slosson. Irving Hall, N. Y. City, May 6th.— $2,550 
($1,500 staked on Slosson against $1,050 on Sexton). Sexton, 
500—4.42—30; Slosson, 486—35. (See 1866 and 1887 for this 
match average surpassed.) 



18§6. 



Bookmakers' Handicaps. The Reeves-Johnson match of 1883, 
which was a heavily speculative event, led to a series of bookmakers' 
tournaments in this city, February 8-18, 1886; January 31st to 
February 14, 1887; January 23-27, 1888; and January 14-22, 1889, 
the winners of which severally were Chas. Davis, Joseph Cotton, 
Davis again, and David Johnson. The last-named was at " scratch " 
in two out of four, and Davis always at " scratch " except in the third, 
when Reeves, playing 170 to his 150, tied him, .but was beaten in 
the play-off. All but the 1887 tournament were on a 4^x9. 



Only Real Sweepstakes Known to Billiards. Two of the fore- 
going bookmakers' handicaps — those of 1888 and 1889, Davis 
winning one and Cotton the other — were genuine sweepstakes. 
Entrance fees may combine to form stakes, but not sweepstakes 
when portioned out. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 305 

Slosson vs. Schaefer. Masonic Hall, St. Louis, November 27, 
1886. — First game of home-and-home match, each for $2,000 a side. 
Slosson, 500—4.07—26; Schaefer, 469—26. 

Return game, Central Music Hall, Chicago, December 17th. — 
Schaefer, 500—4.50—48; Slosson, 430—22. 



1887. 

Slosson vs. Schaefer. Central Music Hall, Chicago, April 4th. — 
First game of match of two (see " Balklinc," 14:2, 1887, for the 
other); each for $500 a side. Slosson, 500—4.81—25; Schaefer, 
488 — 49. The average is still match-high. Winner overcame the 
longest lead known to a public match at this game. When 
Schaefer needed but 130 to go, Slosson was 120 behind. 



First Contest of Multiple Nights. Light Infantry Armory, Wash- 
ington, D. C, May 23-28th. — Game for a purse, 300 points nightly. 
Daly, 1800—4.66—38; Sexton, 1182—46. Multiplying nights at 
cushion caroms has been given a trial but once since, and then by 
Slosson and Schaefer (see 1899). 



First Public Handicap. Madison Street Theatre, Chicago, Novem- 
ber 5-22d. — This was Frank C. Ives's tournamental debut. 



W. R. Av. G.A. 

Carter (170) 9 29 6.80 4.53 

Schaefer (200) 8 54 10. 5.53 

Moulds (110) 7 24 3.79 2.66 

Ives (110) 6 16 2.70 2.36 

Thatcher (110) .... 6 25 2.60 2.24 

J. Matthews (110) . 6 25 4.40 2.60 



W. R. Av. G.A. 

Gallagher (160) ... 5 30 3.90 3.30 

Slosson (200) 3 40 5.89 4. 

J. F. Donovan (110) 2 21 2.44 1.77 

Hatley (115) 2 20 2.57 1.90 

Catton(160) 1 18 4. 2.50 



Average of tournament, 3.005. There has been no technically 
public handicap at cushion caroms since. 



Donovan vs. Chas. Schaefer. St. Louis, December 19th. — Match 
for $500 a side. S., 200—1.98—13; D., 152—10. 



1888. 

Championship of Pennsylvania. Continenta* Hotel, Philadel- 
phia, January 9-26th. — 200-point games, eight contestants and 
seven prize-winners, viz., McLaughlin, 7 — 0; Burris, 6 — 1; Bullock, 
5—2; Pollard, 4—3; P. Levy, 3—4; J. Cline, 2—5; Palmer, 1—6. 
Eighth man was Edward Woods, — 7. Matches were not meant 
to follow. The championship emblem, won by McLaughlin along 
with $210, was presented by H. J. Bergman. 



306 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

Saratoga, N. Y., Three-handed Tournament. Town Hall, August 
6-8th.— Slosson, $500; Daly, $350; Sexton, $150. Play was incon- 
spicuous in runs and averages. 



1§§9. 

Five-handed Tournament in Boston. John J. Murphy's Hub 
Palace, finishing January 4th. — 4^x9 table. Eames, 4— -0; Yatter, 
3 — 1; and John Dankleman; C. F. Campbell, and W. M. Gilman, 
1 — 3 apiece, divided third money. 

On January 16th, for $150 a side, 4£x9, Eames defeated Yatter 
by 200 to 209, and in same room, March 7th, and at C. T. Shean's 
Room, Springfield, March 20th, he defeated L. A. Guillet in a home- 
and-home, $100 a side. 



1892. 

Gamier vs. Carter. Paris, February 2d. — $500 a side. G., 300; 
C, 293. February 26th: G., 300; C, 233. 



Carter vs. Vignaux. Paris, February 10th. — $500 a side. C. 
50; V., 49. 



Schaefer vs. Vignaux. Paris, December 27th. — $500 a side. S., 
400— 3.96; V., 345. 



1894. 

Fournil vs. Gallagher. Daly's Room, N. Y. City, December 
3-7 th. — Formal American debut of Edouard Fournil, of Paris, 
France. Purse game, 200 points nightly. With 45 for high run 
against 37, F. won by 1,000 to 848. 



1896. 

Last Professional Tournament. Bumstead Hall, Boston, April 
13-17th. — Under auspices of Daly and Ives, 300-point games. 

W. R. Av. G.A. 1 W. R. Av. G.A. 

Ives 3 85 5.88 5.29 Daly 1 29 4.62 4.35 

Schaefer 2 39 5.36 4.91 I Gamier 43 3.82 

Approximate average of tournament, 4.67. Ives's 85 was run 
against Daly.. While it is absolutely the highest in public, yet it 
cannot properly be compared with Sexton's 77 in virtually a $6,250 
stake match (not counting side bets) that he won from Schaefer 
by no more than 4 per cent, in 600. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 307 



1§99. 

Schaefer's Highest Run of Record. Lenox Lyceum, N. Y. City, 
May 22d. — Second game of match of two, each for $500 a side 
(see Balkline, May 13, 1899, for first). Slosson, 500—4.60—34; 
Schaefer, 359—55. 



Second Match of Multiple Nights. Madison Square Garden 
Concert Hall, N. Y. City, October 30 to November 1st.— $500 a side. 
Slosson, 900—4.57—37; Schaefer, 757—41. 



McLaughlin vs. Gallagher. Maurice Daly's, N. Y. City, Novem- 
ber 6-10. — Purse game, best in five. McLaughlin, who won the 
odd, also made the more points — 944 to 924. 



1902-3. 

Amateur Revival Tournaments. After having been out of fashion 
for years, the game was revived in winter of 1902-3 at Maurice Daly's, 
N. Y. City, by Messrs. Mark Muldaur, Albert Brock, Wm. Gershel 
and F. Poggenburg, who finished in that order without unusual 
play, and at Foley's, Chicago, August 31st to October 31st, C. F. 
Conklin (scratch at 125) winning by 7 — 1 in games, and making best 
run (21), and highest winning average (2.75). S. W. Miller made 
3.33 in the opening game, but it was canceled with the game itself 
when Ballard, whom Miller had beaten, withdrew from tournament. 
Miller, Beard and Hale tied, and play-off gave Miller second prize, 
Beard third, and Hale fourth. Conklin was beaten, by none but 
Hale (100). Miller and Beard were at 70. 



BEST RECORD PERFORMANCES 

ON 5x10 AND 4*x9 TABLES, BOTH HAVING BEEN 
CHAMPIONSHIP STANDARDS 

CHAMPIONSHIP MATCH AVERAGE. 

3.55 in 500— G. F. Slosson, 1883. 

CHAMPIONSHIP MATCH RUN. 

38 in 500 (still his best record in match, with 40 his best in tournament) 
— G. F. Slosson, 1883. 

CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENT AVERAGE. 

6.25 in 200 — J. Schaefer (with 3.56 by G. F. Slosson for high general 
average, but the two were second and third winners only), 1881. 

10.00 in 500-point game, 4£x9 table— J. Schaefer, with 6.559 for best 
general average, that of winner-in-chief (M. Daly) being 6.550, 1883. 



308 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 



CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENT RUN. 



45 in 200-point game — J. Dion, winner, 1881. 

65 in 500-point game, 4£x9 table— W. Sexton, 1883 (T. Wallace ran 76 in 
play-off for second prize, but championship tournament was then over). 

NON-CHAMPIONSHIP AVERAGES. 

3.92 in 400— J. Schaefer, 1881. 

4.81 in 500— G. F. Slosson, 1887. 

4.05 in 600— W. Sexton, 1882 (see under 1881). 

4.66 in 1800— M. Daly, 1887. 

4.57 in 900— G. F. Slosson, 1902. 

NON-CHAMPIONSHIP RUNS.' 

27 in 400— W. Sexton, 1881. 
77 in 600— W. Sexton, 1881. 

46 in 1800— W. Sexton, 1887. 
55 in 500— J. Schaefer, 1899. 
41 in 900— J. Schaefer, 1902. 

NON-CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENTS. 

In Chicago, in 1887, Schaefer made his best average (10 in 200) on a 5x10 
table, and Slosson his highest run of all (40) ; and in Boston, in 1896, Ives 
ran 85 (highest of all runs) and made the best general average on 5x10 
table (5.29). 



THREE-CUSHION CAROMS. 



1878. 

First Tournament. C. E. Mussey's Room, St. Louis, January 
14-31st. — 50-point games. Leon Magnus, 4 — 1; Carter, Gallagher, 
and Heiser, 3—2 ; W. C. McCreery, 2—3 ; Thomas Potts, 0—5. Carter 
won play-off, with Gallagher second. The best run (6) and the 
best average (.75, or £ of a point) were Gallagher's. 



1882. 

McCreery vs. Magnus. St. Louis, February 2d. — $200 a side. 
McC, 50 — .94 — runs not reported. Magnus scored 31. It is not 
known of this unknown game that the winner's average, nearly one 
point, has ever been equaled in so long a match as 50 points. (See 
May 30-31, 1900.) 



1886. 

First Tournament in the East. Schaefer & Emerich's Room, 
N. Y. City, 25-point games. Gus Newland, 7 — 2, won first prize, 
$75 and a gold medal, and Al. Sauer, Herbert Haskell, W. Clark and 
C. Wilson tied at 6 — 3. The other contestants, not all of whom 
finished, were Arthur R. Townsend, Charles Heineman, Joseph Stiner, 
Ed. Williamson, and Mr. Pollock. 



1898. 

Schaefer vs. Ives. Auditorium Recital Hall, Chicago, April 4th. — : 
$100 a side. Schaefer, 120 — average unreported — 8; Ives, 106. 

Capt. A. C. Anson vs. L. Jevne. Chicago, September. — Each 
game for $50 a side, Jevne giving odds of 10. First: A., 50; J., 38. 
Second: A., 50; J., 39. 



1899. 

Schaefer vs. Carter. Chicago, 111., February 4th. — $200 a side. 
S., 100; C, 89. 



310 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

,«• 

Frank C. Ives's Last Match. "Ives Room," N. Y. City, May 
24-25th. — Four-handed for announced $250 purse and $2,500 stake. 
First game : Ives and W. H. Harrison, 60; Schaefer and J. A. Thatcher, 
45. Second game: S. and T., 65; I. and H., 55. 

While rather an exhibition than a match, nevertheless these games 
are of interest as the last formal ones in which Ives took part. All 
but Schaefer were soon dead. 



First Tournament in N. Y. City. "Ives Room," ending July 
29th.— Thatcher, 13—1, first; Maloney, 12—3, second; W. H. Myers, 
10—5, third. 



John Daly vs. Luis Vasquez. Chicago, 111., December 13th.— ■ 
$50. D., 50— av., .34; V., 39. 



1900. 

Averaging in Short Games. The Daly- Vasquez contest has been 
given a place because it typifies generalship on the part of a winner 
lacking his opponent's executive ability, and the following are added 
as representing free play or catch-as-catch-can billiards. Chicago, 
May 30th: Capron, 30— av., 1.25; Sutton, 17. May 31st: Carter, 
30— av., .97; Sutton, 15. 



Carter Loses Championship to Jevne. Clarence E. Green's 
Academy, Chicago, June 15th (postponed from June 8th because 
of C.'s unfitness). J., 100— .45— 6; C, 66—5. 

Winner was challenged by C, who had to declare forfeit by reason 
of further unfitness. W. H. Catton challenged, but nothing came 
of it. 

This championship was instituted through an emblem presented 
it by the B. B. C. Co. for a tournament in Chicago. Catton won it 
and at once resigned it. Clarence Green sought to revive the cham- 
pionship a few months later, Carter won it in tournament, and no 
match but that he lost for it has ever been played. Its time expired 
years ago. 



Championship of Louisiana. John Miller's Room, New Orleans, 
ending in September. Seven entries. Wm. Zachringer (5 — 1) 
made best run, 7; M. Tarleton (4 — 2) ran 6, as also G. H. Miller, 
who, with 3 — 3, tied L. Abrams for third and fourth. 



" Red, White, and Blue." Foley's Room, Chicago, October and 
November. — This was an experimental tournament to ascertain 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 311 

how one cue-ball for both players would work. Instead of making 
a red of the other white, it was colored blue. This handicap of 
amateurs ended in a tie between Messrs. Anderson and Bunker, and 
on November 20 the former won the play-off by 27 to 12. 



1901. 

Amateur Championship of Pacific Coast. "The Waldorf," San 
Francisco, October. — Probably 4£x9. J. C. Howard, unbeaten, 
Dr. W. F. Davis, W. I. Barry, J. Berry, and J. J. Roggen (won no 
game) closed in that order. General averages and best runs : Howard, 
.48 — 4; Barry, .42— 6; Davis, .38—4; Berry, .36—5. 



1902. 

Fred Eames vs. Jevne. Denver, Col., January 28th. — $500, 
former getting odds of 10. E., 85; J., 61. Table possibly a 4£x9„ 



St. Louis Tournament. January. — Clarence Hutchings lost 
but one game, and that to Wright after having already won the 
tournament. Wright tied Clayton and Brock for third place, G. E. 
Hevner being second, and also having the best general average (.44), 
besides standing off Hutchings, Brock, and Wheeler on high run (5). 
Best single averages were Hutchings's .65 and Wright's .63. 

Metropolitan Academy Tournament. N. Y. City. — Ending April 
4th in ties between Wm. Gershel and "Williams" for first and 
second, and W. S. Johnson and A. D. Ferguson for third and fourth. 
Gershel won by 4 in 35, averaging .52 (averaged .55 against J. V. B. 
Rapp), and Ferguson by 35 to 25, averaging .40. "Williams" ran 
5 in the play-off, but in the tournament proper the highest was 4, 
by Gershel and others. In the tourney of November, 1903, Fer- 
guson was winner-in-chief, and Gershel last. 



1903. 



" Mussey Challenge Trophy." Closing March 20th at Mussey's 
Room, Chicago, " Harris " (scratch, 50) averaging .57, won final 
game from " Wadsworth," who took second prize, as well as that for 
high run (7) in an amateur field of eight. 

In April, May, and June, a larger and higher class, numbering 
eleven, comprised a new tournament for the " Mussey Challenge 



312 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

Trophy." "Harris" made high run (12), but Avery won first prize, 
and "Harris," " Wadsworth," Riley and Wheeler tied for next four 
places. In the first challenge match that followed, June 19th, 
Avery was defeated by "Wadsworth." This challenge series is 
still (February, 1904) playing, Morin, " Wadsworth," and Riley 
having severally won the most matches. Had Morin won the match 
he lost to Riley in January, 1904, the emblem would have been his to 
keep. 

Gallagher vs. Luis Vasquez. Daly's, N. Y. City, May 27-29th — 
Purse game. V. made the highest run (11), but lost by 200 to about 
170. This was the Spaniard's debut in the East. 

Jevne vs. Barutel. Same room, August 3-5th. — Purse game, 
J., 150 — .55 — 4; Barutel, 147 — 4. This was Jevne's first formal 
bow in the East, although years before he had three-cushioned 
privately here with De Oro. 



1904. 

San Francisco (Cafe Waldorf) Tournament. December, 1903, to 
February, 1904. Won by Mitchell (George), with Pellage second, 
in a field of eleven. 



Championship of Billiard Club. N. Y. City, ending April 20th. 
Tournament of eleven. F. R. White, 10 — 0, winner; E. O. Presby, 
beaten only by White, second. 



Billiard Club Championship. N. Y. City, tournament of eleven 
contestants, ending April 19th. — Winner, F. R. White, who lost 
not a game. E. O. Presby, second, was beaten by White only. 



BEST PERFORMANCES. 

There are few unquestionable records. Most of the professional games, 
whether short or long, have of late years been played in "academies" by 
" academy " employees. To admit one such to record, on the plea that there 
was a public admission-fee, as well as more or less of a staking, would be to 
admit all. Then, again, this is a game that has never had a standard as to 
length. It is unlikely that since 1878 there has been a better average for 
50 points in a match than Wayman C. McCreery's .94; but there may have 
been before that year, and without attracting any attention whatever. In 
a tournament game of 50 points at Mussey's, Chicago, Avery surpassed it by 
making .98 during season of 1901-2. The best verified run is 14. Two 
amateurs made it — Peterson in St. Louis, and Avery years afterward in 
Chicago, both in Mussey's rooms. [See Addenda, p. 328.] 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 313 



BEST PERFORMANCES BY AMATEURS. 

• The New York Racquet Club was the first to institute a national 
championship of amateurs (1887-88-89-90), which it did not at- 
tempt to renew. There was no second essay until the Amateur 
Athletic Union entered the field in 1898-99. Anything in the 
nature of amateur record, therefore, may be said to begin in 1887 
and end in 1890, to resume in another direction in 1898 and con- 
tinue until now. 

AVERAGES AT REGULAR THREE-BALL GAME. 

15.79 in 300 (championship) — Orville Oddie, Jr., 1887. 

11.03 in 1500, gen. av. (championship), Orville Oddie, Jr., 1887. 

RUNS AT REGULAR THREE-BALL GAME. 

257 in 300 (non-championship) — Arthur R. Townsend, 1890. 
195 in 300 (championship)— Orville Oddie, Jr., 1889. 

AVERAGES AT 14:2 BALK. 

20 in 400 (championship)— L. R6volle, Paris, 1904. 
18.75 in 300 (championship) — Wilson P. Foss, 1903. 
18.75 (non-championship) — See Addenda, p. 328. 
12.13, gen. av. (championship)— W. P. Foss, 1903. 
See Addenda, p. 328. 

RUNS AT 14:2 BALK. 

139 in 400 (championship) — Wayman C. McCreery, 1899. 

119 in 300 (non-championship) — Ferdinand Poggenburg, 1903. 

CHAMPIONSHIP MATCH AVERAGE AND RUN. 

10.87 in 500, 14:2— W. P. Foss vs. C. F. Conklin, 1901. 
70 in 500-point game, 14:2 — C. F. Norris vs. Foss, 1902. 

AVERAGES AND RUN AT 18:2. 

M. Rerolle— 33.33 in 400; 15.91 in 2800, gen. av.; 109, best run— cham- 
pionship tournament, Paris, 1903, and 12.24 (av.) and 129 (run) in match, 
1200 points, Paris, 1904. 

AMERICAN AMATEUR AT 18:2. 

J. F. Poggenburg — 10 in 300, av.; Dr. L. L. Mial, 8.51, gen. av., and 60, 
high run — non-championship tournament, N. Y. City, 1904. 



IRREGULAR CONTESTS. 

Ives vs. John Roberts. Henley's Circus, London, Eng., May 

29th to June 2, 1893. — $5,000 a side, 1,000 points nightly. I., 

6000— run, 2540; R., 3821— run, 249. Roberts's total has been 

variously given. The figures here are from Major Broadfoot's 
" Billiards." 



314 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

This was styled a "compromise match" at the English winning- 
and-losing game on an English 6x12 six-pocket table. 

CENTRAL MUSIC HALL. Chicago, September 18-23.— $5,000 
a side. Ives, 6000; Roberts, 5303. 

LENOX LYCEUM. N. Y. City, October 2-7th.— $5,000 a side, 
R., 10,000; I., 8738. 



De Oro vs. Roberts. On October 16-21st following, at Madison 
Square Garden, N. Y. City, these experts played alternately on an 
English and an American ball-pool table for an announced stake of 
$1,000 a side and the championship of the world, De Oro winning by 
1000 balls to 927. No two players can ever be justified in creating a 
championship . 



Hugo Kerkau vs. Johann Trebar. In 1900, these experts, German 
and Hungarian, engaged in more than one series of "straight rail" 
games in the chief cities of their respective countries. The two 
were known to be far apart in skill. In one series, Kerkau scored 
40,000 to Trebar's 4998, and made runs of 1656, 1743, 2194, and 3843. 
It invalidates these runs as comparisons with the lesser deeds of 
earlier men that, although scarcely through fault of Kerkau, they 
were not achieved under similar conditions. Years before he ran 
his 3843, Kerkau ran 3092 against Woerz in Berlin. This was under 
the old rule as to " frozen " balls, but it was probably also on a 4^x9 
or smaller table. The 3092 were made in January, 1896. When, 
not far from that time, Kerkau was here, he showed capacity for but 
about half that height on a 5x10. 



FIFTEEN-BALL POOL. 

A 5x10 table, unless otherwise stated. After the close of 1887, the game 
is always "Continuous Pool." 

1878. 

Record properly begins with the 

First National Championship Tournament. Union Square Rooms, 
N. Y. City, April 8-20th. — Best in 21 games of 61 up, for an em- 
blematic gold medal and $550 in four parts. Among the contestants 
were all the recognized first-class American caromers of that period, 
with the exception of Albert Gamier, Maurice Daly and Jacob 
Schaefer. In addition were the pool-players Samuel F. Knight, 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 315 

Clarke E. Wilson, George Frcy, J. McWarble, and Gottlieb Wahl- 
strom, "The Swede" No. 1. Winners in this order were C. Dion, 
Knight, Wahlstrom, and J. Dion. McWarble and G. F. Slosson 
tied for fifth and sixth places, Wilson got seventh, Wm. Sexton 
eighth, and A. P. Rudolphe tied with Frey for ninth. 

Wahlstrom and Wilson had played a match (December 13, 1877, 
Terrace Garden, N. Y. City, which "The Swede" won by 26 games 
to 13 out of 50) announced as for the championship of America and 
$500 a side ; but they were not warranted in thus appropriating that 
title to the exclusion of other experts. The medal of 1878 was held 
successively up to 1881 by C. Dion, Knight, Alonzo Morris, Wahlstrom 
and Knight again. 



1879. 

First Championship of Indiana. Crescent Hall, Indianapolis, 
January 2-1 lth. — Won by D. Hough from Albert Hawkins, George 
Morris, and R. E. Whitney (tied), C. Eden, Weller, Gould, and Mack. 
After losing his first game to Eden, Mack forfeited his remaining six 
by withdrawing. 



1881. 

Debut of Albert Frey. Union Square Rooms, N. Y. City, Decem- 
ber 29, 1880, to January 5th. — Frey, Chas. Schaefer, Otis Field, and 
Joseph King were graduated from a preliminary tournament of nine 
into, the one next following. 



Second National Championship Tournament. Union Square 
Rooms, N. Y. City, January 6th. — Under amended rules. Winners 
of the five prizes were Wahlstrom, Frey, A. Morris, King, and Knight. 
Among the other four participants was Jacob Schaefer, beaten by 
Wahlstrom, Frey, and Knight. 

Only Match for the e New Emblem. Tammany Hall, N. Y. City, 
June 2d. — Money-stake, $250 a side, best in 41 games. W., 21; 
Frey, 18. 



Frey vs. King. Tammany Hall, September 29th. — $250 a side 
F., 21; K., 16. 



316 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

1882. 

Frey vs. Knight. Tammany Hall, March 8th. — $500 a side. F. 
21 ; K., 18. 



First Tournament at Pyramid (Eight-ball). Republican Hall, 
N. Y. City, May 3-17th. — Best in 21. Frey beat John Dankleman 
in playing off for first money and the pyramid championship emblem. 
George Sutton (d6but in public) won third, and Jacob Schaefer (tied 
by Thomas Wallace) fourth. The others were Eugene Carter, 
John Bessunger, Knight, C. Schaefer, and Albert Lambert. 



1883. 

First Amateur Challenge Championship. C. E. Mussey's Room, 
St. Louis, October 15th to November 7th. — Matches were to be 
150 balls up, for $25 a side, none but St. Louis amateurs eligible. 
E. Thompson, tied with E. Block for first prize, won play-off. There 
were eight other contestants. 

In the match that followed, December 4th, Ed. Dale won cham- 
pionship by 150 to 98. 



1884. 



Third National Championship. Madison Square Hall, N. Y. City, 
beginning January 10th. — Call ball, but not pocket. J. L. Ma- 
lone won emblem and first money, $250, Frey and King tied for 
second and third, George Sutton took fourth, Lambert and Charles 
H. Manning tied for fifth and sixth, and Knight, Dankleman, and J. 
S. Leonard were the tailers. 



First Call-ball-and-pocket Tournament. Morrissy's Room, Syra- 
cuse, N. Y., January 28th to February 15th. — Eleven were in, the 
prize-winners being Frey, Malone, Sutton, Leonard, and King. 

During this year, as well as in 1883 and 1885, the leading players 
named above, along with Knight and others,* all supported by local 
talent, figured in tournaments in various cities, all partaking of the 
nature of exhibitions, but Frey almost invariably winning. 



Championship of Ohio. Won by Gus Heman in tournament 
ending April 6th, Cincinnati. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 317 

1§§5. 

Peter Rodgers Defeats Malone. Bumstead Hall, Boston, Mass., 
December 11th. — $100 a side. R., 21; M., 11. This contest was 
regulation neither in table, which was a 4£x9, nor in size of pocket- 
openings, which were large. 



1886. 



First Match of Multiple Nights. Maurice Daly's Assembly 
Rooms, Brooklyn, March 15-1 9th. — 80 to win in best 31 games 
nightly, $250 a side. Frey, 80; Malone, 72. 



Frey vs. Malone. Irving Hall, N. Y. City, May ll-15th. — Same 
terms as above, except that stake was $500 a side. F., 80; M., 63. 



Henry Claess vs. C. Schaefer. St. Louis, Mo., October 15th. — 
$50 a side. C, 16; S., 14. Same city, January 29, 1887.— $500 a 
side. C, 21; S., 10. January 29th, S. beatC, and in a later game 
C. beat S., each for $50 a side. 



1887. 

Fourth National Championship. Fifth Avenue Music Hall, N. Y. 
City, February 14-20th. — Tournament under amended rules again. 
Alfredo De Oro, of Havana, Cuba, making his first public appear- 
ance, tied Frey and Malone, but was third after play-off, Frey being 
first, with King, Manning, and James Hamilton fourth, fifth, and 
last. 

The first match for this championship, represented by the Grote 
Challenge Emblem, was played at Daly's Assembly Rooms, Brooklyn, 
March 28th to April 1st. Frey, 80; Malone, 40. 

On May 15th, Frey forfeited to Malone by failing to cover his 
challenger's money within the time set by the rules, and on May 30th 
Malone forfeited to De Oro, declining to play when challenged; but 
they came together for the Grote Emblem on February 10th, 1888, 
at Slosson's Columbian Room, N. Y. City, in a single night's contest, 
125 balls up, best in 31. De O., 16; M., 15. 



De Oro vs. Manning. Turn Hall, Springfield, Mass., April 7th. — 
Pyramids, $300 a side. De O., 16; M , 12. 



318 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

De Oro vs. Olaess. Schaefer's Room, St. Louis, May 21st. — $500 
a side. De O., 21 ; C, 9. 



NOTE. — This year established 4£ in. at the points of the corner- 
pocket jaws, and 4f in. for the side pockets, as the standard width 
in conjunction with 2-^ balls. 



First Continuous Pool Tournament. Daly's, Brooklyn, January 
30th to February 9th. — $50 entrance, games, 150 balls. Frey and 
Malone tied for first, and Malone lost play-off. Albert G. Powers 
was third, Daniel Lawlor fourth, De Oro fifth, Manning sixth, and 
Knight seventh and last. 



Wm. Clearwater's First Tournament. Grand Billiard Hall, Syra- 
cuse, N. Y., February 20th to March 3d, continuous pool. De Oro 
and Clearwater tied for first and second, Malone and Powers for third 
and fourth, Manning won fifth, Myron Eggleston, George Kuntzsch, 
Dankleman and Wharton tied for sixth, and Louis Shaw was last. 
Clearwater defeated De Oro, but Malone and Powers did not play off. 



Powers vSo De Oro» Hub Billiard Palace, Boston, Mass., May 
l-3d. — Best in 101 games of pyramid on a 4£x9. — $300. P., 51; 
De Oro, 35. 



1§§9. 



Fifth Championship Series. Hardman Hall, N. Y. City, Feb- 
ruary 25th to March 2d. — Continuous pool, 100 balls up, for the 
B. B. C. Co.'s Challenge Emblem and money prizes. Frey, De Oro, 
and Malone tied as the first three, Clearwater and Manning tied for 
fourth and fifth, and King came next and last after forfeiting to 
Manning. The first three ties were played off in Daly's Assembly 
Rooms, Brooklyn, March ll-16th, 300 balls, 150 per night, and 
resulted in Frey first and De Oro second. 

CHAMPIONSHIP MATCHES FROM 1889 TO 1904. By rule, 
200 balls nightly for $150 a side and the emblem. Albert Frey 
having died suddenly of pneumonia, the first match was between 
De Oro and Manning, and was played at Daly's, Brooklyn, June 
20-22, 1889, De Oro winning by 600 to 564. 

Same hall, April 10-12, 1890.— De Oro, 600; Manning, 565. 

Hardman Hall, N. Y. City, May 8-10th.— Powers, 600; De Oro, 
569. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 319 

Daly's Room, Brooklyn, June 19-21st. — Manning, 600; Powers, 
489. 

Same hall, July 31st to August 20th. — Champion Manning's 
opponent was Geo. Kuntzsch, who did not appear on third night, 
and Manning was awarded match. 

Same hall, October 29-3 1st. — Manning, 600; Powers, 526. 

January 6, 1891. — Manning forfeited to Powers. 

Recital Hall, Chicago, March 16-18th. — Powers, 600; P. H. 
Walsh, 392. 

Same hall, May 13-15th.— De Oro, 600; Powers, 517. 

The emblem became De Oro's exclusively in May, 1892, and in 
Syracuse, N. Y., in March, 1893, there was a tournament for another 

B. B. C. Co.'s emblem, which, like the one of 1889-92, was meant 
to represent the championship of America, but came to be accepted, 
in courtesy, as for the championship of the world. De Oro, Sherman, 
and Stewart tied for first, and won play-offs in that order, Clear- 
water being fourth. 

First Match. N. Y. City, June 15-17th.— De Oro, 600; Walsh, 
398. 

In November, 1895, this emblem having run its time, the B. B. 

C. Co. gave another. Clearwater won the tournament, with De Oro, 
Keogh, and Walsh second to fourth. 

First Match. Pittsburg, Pa., March 19-21, 1896.— Clearwater, 
600; Keogh, 535. 

Pittsburg, April 22-25th. — Clearwater vs. De Oro, a draw, and 
played over May 7-9th: De Oro, 600; Clearwater, 544. 

Hardman Hall, N. Y. City, June ll-13th.— De Oro, 600; Eby, 404. 

Illness forced De Oro to forfeit to Stewart. 

N. Y. City, May 6-8, 1897. — Stewart lost to Grant Eby, his first 
challenger: 583 to 600. 

Palm Garden, N. Y. City, June 7-9th.— Keogh, 600; Eby, 505. 

Academy of Music, Scranton, Pa., August. — Keogh, 600; Clear- 
water, 350. 

Bumstead Hall, Boston, Mass., March 7-9, 1898. — Clearwater, 
600; Keogh, 567. 

Pittsburg, Pa., April 27-29th. — Keogh, 600; Clearwater, 447. 

Chicago, 111., April 11-13, 1899.— De Oro, 600; K., 515. 

Daly's Room, N. Y. City, November 30th to December 2d. — 
De Oro, 600; Fred Payton, of Omaha, 479. 

Same hall, April 19-21, 1900.— De Oro, 600; Keogh, 481. This 
was the final contest of the series, the emblem becoming De Oro's. 

[For Boston tournament, won by Frank Sherman, see 1901.] 

Sherman vs. De Oro. Odd Fellows' Hall, Washington, D. C. 



320 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

April 16-18, 1901.— De O., 600; S., 498. This was the only match 
for the emblematic medal, which became De Oro's personal property 
in the following April. 

[For Brooklyn tournament and the "Green Trophy," won by 
Clearwater, see 1902.] 

Green's "Montauk," Brooklyn, N. Y., May 8-10, 1902. — Clear- 
water, 488; Eby, 600. First match for Green Trophy. 

Pittsburg, Pa., December 4-6, 1902. — Second and last match for 
the Green Trophy. Eby, 600; Walsh, 375. 

This emblem became Eby's by time-limit in May, 1903, and up 
to June, 1904, no other championship has been instituted. 



1890. 

Tournament for Kuntzsch Medal. Geo. N. Kuntzsch's Room, 
Syracuse, N. Y., March 17th to April 8th.— Medal and $125, De Oro; 
$100, Powers; $75, Clearwater; fourth, Manning; fifth and last, 
Joseph Dinning. 



First Handicap Tournament. Lawrence's Room, N. Y. City, 
ending April 26th. — Playing off for first prize, C. Erickson (95) 
defeated P. H. Walsh (95). Powers (100) was third. Later came 
Edward Dougherty, Edward Barton, James Luddington, Stewart, 
and Dinning. 



Binghamton, N. Y. Tournament. Keogh first in field of seven. 



1§9I. 



Clearwater vs. Kuntzsch. Grand Central Rink, Pittsburg, Pa. 
January 29-31st.— $300 a side. C, 600; K., 428. 



Second Medal Tournament in Syracuse, N. Y. Grand Billiard 
Hall, and thence to Standard Theatre, February 23d to March 16th. 
— Powers first, De Oro and Clearwater tied (De Oro lost play-off), 
Frank Sherman fourth, Jerome R. Keogh, Wm. Wenrick, and 
Kuntzsch tied for fifth (divided), and Chas. Strewe, Nathaniel Ward, 
and Luddington, together with Eulalio Saborido, of Cuba, bringing 
up the rear. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 321 

Binghamton, N. Y., Tournament. March 23d to April 4th. — 
Clearwater, De Oro, Sherman, and Eggleston tied for first, and 
Stewart and Powers for fifth, Stewart winning play-off, and the 
quartet finishing finally as named above. Keogh, Kuntzsch, and 
Wenrick were the others. 



De Oro vs. John Werner. Recital Hall, Chicago, April 9-llth. — 
$500 a side, Werner starting with 75 balls. De O., 600; W., 493. 



Chicago Tournament. " White Elephant," April 27th to May 
2d.— $100 entrance, with $300 added by the B. B. C. Co., 125 balls 
up. Powers won first, with Clearwater, De Oro, and Eggleston tied 
for second, and finishing play-off as named. Werner was fifth. 



1892. 



Powers vs. Clearwater. Philadelphia, March 2-4th. — P., 600; 
C, 420. 



Syracuse, N. Y., Tournament. March 7-18th. — $500 in prizes, 
games of 100 points. Winners — De Oro, Powers, Werner, and 
Clearwater. 



1893. 



" White Elephant " Tournament. N. Y. City, January 16th to 
February 1st. — Professional games for money prizes. Winners — 
P. II. Walsh, P. Rodgers, H. E. Stewart and Wm. Wenrick. 



Championship of America. Syracuse, N. Y., tournament ending 
March 24th. First, second, and third winners — De Oro, F. Sherman, 
and Stewart. [For match, see under 1889.] 



De Oro vs. John Roberts, of London. Madison Square Garden, 
N. Y., Oct. 16-21.— Match of 1000 balls for $2,000 on standard 
English and American tables, playing every sixty balls by turns 
on the two tables. De O., 1000; ii, 924. 



322 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

Clearwater vs. De Oro. Pittsburg, Pa., November 2-4th. — C, 
600; DeO., 447. 



Binghamton, N. Y., Tournament. Won by Keogh. 



1894. 

Pennsylvania Championship. Philadelphia, closing February 
22d. — Winners — Keogh, Sherman, Dougherty, Wilson, and Tate. 



Clearwater vs. De Oro. Cleveland, O., April. — As reported at 
the time, there were two series, C. winning the first by 1000 to 863, 
and the second by 12Q0 to 1188. 



T. E. White vs. H. King. May 7-12.— Half in Philadelphia and 
half in Washington, $1,000. W., 500; K., 372. 



100 to 0. Pittsburg, Pa., May 17th. — Clearwater thus won a game 
with Frank Munsey. Probably a 4^x9 table. 



1895-96-97. 

Championship Tournament. Syracuse, N. Y., November and 
December, 1895, closing 14th. — Clearwater first, De Oro second, and 
Keogh third. For matches, see under 1889. 



1897. 

Seventy-five Balls Consecutively. Dallas, Tex., January 9th. — 
The late Samuel Barnes, giving his opponent odds of 60, holed 75 
balls from the start without a miss. Almost certainly on a 4^x9 
table, and probably, also, with pocket-openings above regulation 



Ninety-seven Balls in Succession. Toledo, O., September 10th. — 
By Clearwater. See remarks above. There is the further objection 
to going outside of a frame to count pocketings as " runs " that the 
best players are not usually their makers. Such " runs " tend 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 323 

rather to come to losers. A player anxious to win cannot afford 
to run a risk that, sometimes justifiable when far behind, is folly 
when commandingly ahead. Besides, the rules themselves have 
been in conflict, one championship code (expired) having required 
the winner of one frame to open the next, while a later championship 
code (also expired) made it optional with him. The Toledo game 
was probably a mere exhibition. Clearwater has since holed 118 
balls on a 4£x9. 

1898. 

Roomkeepers' Championship of Philadelphia. November. — 
Horning and Levy, 5 — 1 each; J. Thornton, 4 — 2; Ed. Burris, 3 — 3; 
Sol Allinger and Rhoades, 2 — 4 each; McCabe, — 6. Horning won 
play-off. 

Championship of America (Nominal). Syracuse, N. Y., Decem- 
ber 10-1 3th. — Tieing Eby and Horgan on 7 — 2, De Oro won play-off. 
Challenge matches were not contemplated. 



1899. 

Professional Tournaments. N. Y. City, January 23-28th— = 
Won by Keogh. That in Chicago, 111., ended in favor of De Oro by 
his defeating John Daly by 125 to 97. 



Special Championship of Philadelphia. February 15-17th. — 
Match. Dougherty, 600; Kelly, 504. 



Keogh vs. De Oro. Daly's Room, N. Y. City, 150 balls nightly, 
for a purse. K., 900; De O., 813. 



1901. 

Championship Tournament in Boston. Hub Billiard Palace, 
February and March. — Announced as for the championship of the 
world. Frank Sherman won by 6 — 0, Stofft and De Oro 4 — 2 each, 
Eby 3 — 3, Clearwater 2 — 4, and Wm. Stubbs and Irving Long 1 — 5 
each. De Oro beat Stofft in play-off, and then De Oro and Sherman 
entered into the only match ever played for the emblem. See under 
1889, "Championship Matches." 



De Oro vs. Eby. Boston, Mass., March. — $250 a side. De O. 
600; E., 463. 



324 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

1902. 

World's Championship, 1902-03. Clarence E. Green's " Montauk," 
Brooklyn, N. Y., March 10-25th. — Continuous pool, 125 balls, for 
championship emblem and money prizes. Clearwater and Charles 
Weston tied for first and second, and former won play-off by 20. 
Wenrick won 6, Keogh 5, Walsh and Long 3 each, Eby and II . P. 
Stofft 2 each, and W. McCune 1. (For the two matches that fol- 
lowed, see under 1889.) 



Championship of Louisiana. Miller's Room, New Orleans, May 
26th to June 20th. — Eugene Price and Emile Carreche tied on 5 — 1, 
and Carreche lost play-off. 

In first match, Carreche took emblem from Price, and Tarleton 
made it his own by winning the next three from Carreche by 250 to 
214 and to 160, and by 250 to 225 from Price in between. 



1903. 



Professional Tournament for Money Prizes. Clarence E. Green's 
"Montauk," Brooklyn, ending February 6th. — Stofft and Weston, 
8 — 1 each ; Kirkland, Sneden, and Rodgers, 5 — 4 apiece ; Burns, 4 — 5 ; 
Smith, Ward, and Wenrick, 3 — 6 apiece; Hamber, 1 — 8. Stofft beat 
Weston for first money, Sneden defeated Kirkland and Rodgers for 
third, and Kirkland won fourth from Rodgers. 



Buffalo, N. Y., Tournament. Schwabl's Room, March. — Byron 
Gillette unbeaten in field of nine, and Charles Porter, beaten only by 
Gillette (150 to 108), second. 



Championship of Louisiana. Miller's Room, New Orleans, April 
17th to May 12th. — New annual series. Mark Tarleton won 6 — 0, 
and E. Carreche and James Vorhoff tied on 4 — 2 for the other prizes, 
Carreche winning the play-off. Price was fifth only, Geo. Vorhoff 
being fourth. The others were Harry Alana and David Moore, 
who tied on 5 — 1 . 



.Championship of N. Y. Athletic Club. This annual series of 
tourneys merits mention now because Dr. W. G. Douglas, who for 
several years had been the club's champion at both caroms and pool, 
this April lost the pool tournament to S. W. Becker, who had long 
been of promise. 



RULES GOVERNING PROFES 
SIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS. 



At present there are but two, whether at caroms or at fifteen-ball 
pool, whose terms have not expired. The elder of these is the 18:1 
(Eighteen-inch Line, One Shot in Balk), and the other the 18:2 
(same line, with Two Shots in Balk). The rules appended relate to 
the making and the conduct of matches, and not to the general 
playing. 

World's Championship at 18:1 Balkline. 1. Contests for the 
Emblem shall, in addition to the Emblem, involve a money stake 
amounting to $500 a side. This amount is necessary in order that 
the holder of the Emblem may not be challenged by unskillful players, 
whose only object in challenging would be to gain notoriety. 

2. The sum of $250 must accompany all challenges to give them 
validity. 

3. The holder of the Emblem must cover his challenger's money 
within ten days after being notified that he has been challenged. 
Failure to do so, without sufficient cause therefor, will entitle the 
challenger to the Emblem. The holder of the Emblem shall not, 
however, be required to cover the money of more than one chal- 
lenger at a time. 

4. When $250 has been put up on each side, the $500, as well as 
the Emblem, becomes subject to forfeiture. The remaining $250 
must be put up at least ten days prior to the date of contest, and 
after such final deposit the match shall be " play or pay," i.e., death 
alone relieving the players from their contract. 

5. The holder of the Emblem may be required to play at the 
expiration of sixty days from the time of being challenged, but not 
before. Should either party refuse to play within the specified time, 
he shall forfeit his claim to Emblem and stakes. Should both parties 
conspire to defeat this or any other rule relative to the Balk-line 
Emblem, the match shall be declared off, and the stake money re- 
turned. The Emblem will revert to the original donors. 

6. To define the above rule, a challenge issued while a match 
for the Emblem is pending, and being next in order, shall go into 
effect on the next day after that match has been disposed of either 
through play or forfeiture. A challenge issued while there is no 
match pending shall take effect on the day of its date, provided it is 
not in any way subject to the rule next below. 

325 



326 MODERN BILLIARDS. 

7. The challenge of a player who has been defeated while con- 
tending for the Emblem shall not go into effect until fifteen days 
after the contest in which he was defeated. 

8. There shall be no umpires, and no one will be allowed on the 
platform after the game is called, except the contending players, 
the referee and the marker. . Should there be no platform erected 
in the hall to set the billiard table on, and for the players to walk 
on, then no person except the above mentioned shall be allowed 
within ten feet of the table. 

9. The referee and marker to be mutually agreed upon by the 
players. In case of failure on their part to agree before half past 
seven o'clock of the evening of the match, then the donors of the 
Emblem shall name the referee and marker. 

10. All games to be 500 points up. 

11. The holder of the Emblem will be required to defend it for 
two years against all comers. During this probation he must 
deposit with its donors, The Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co., the 
sum of five hundred dollars ($500) to insure its preservation in good 
order, and its delivery to the donors before 12 o'clock noon of the 
date named for any contest in which it may devolve upon him to 
defend it. Failure to do so (without good and sufficient cause) will 
entitle the challenger to the Emblem and the stake money, and the 
donor of the Emblem to the amount deposited as a guarantee for its 
safe-keeping and delivery, as hereinbefore provided for. 

12. The Emblem becomes the property of any player who wins 
it from the champion and successfully defends it against all con- 
testants for a period of two years. 

13. i In all matches for the Emblem, the stakeholders shall be 
the donors of the Emblem, The Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co., 
and all challenges to the champion must be addressed through them, 
in order that each challenge may be officially recorded, and the 
champion officially notified. 

14. All matches for the Emblem shall be played with 2f-inch 
balls, upon a 5x10 table, manufactured by the Brunswick-Balke- 
Collender Co., and furnished with their "Monarch" cushions. 

15. The city in which contests shall take place must be located 
in the country of which either party is a resident. In case of a dis- 
agreement between the parties as to the selection of a hall or room 
in which the contest shall take place, the donors of the Emblem shall 
have the final decision. 



World's Championship at 18:2. Except Sees. 15 and 16, as here 
given, the foregoing regulations are those applying also to the game 
of Two Shots in Balk. 



MODERN BILLIARDS. 327 

15. The holder of the Emblem has the right to choose the city 
wherein the contest shall take place. However, he is bound to 
select a city locared in the country in which he or his opponent has 
his legal residence. In case of a disagreement between the parties 
as to the selection of a hall or room in which the contest shall take 
place, the donors of the Emblem shall have the final decision. 

16. All litigious points that might be raised by either of the 
competitors in connection with the challenge herein mentioned, 
either before, or during, or after the contest for the World's Cham- 
pionship Emblem of the 18-inch balkline (2 shots in) game of bill- 
iards, shall be settled, without appeal, by the donors of the said Em- 
blem, and the competitors shall have to sign a copy of the present 
rules, accepting The Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co. as supreme ref- 
eree in all difficulties that may arise between them on account of 
the contest. 



PLAYING RULES OF ALL THE 
VARIOUS GAMES. 



These will be furnished, gratis, upon application to the publishers, 
the Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co. 



ADDENDA TO RECORD. 



Three-cushion Caroms. Too late for complete verification, word 
comes that on May 13, 1904, in a professional tourney in W. H. 
Berry's Room, Los Angeles, Cal., Arthur Seymour, winner-in-chief, 
scored 40 points in 40 innings, and that within a short time, in an 
amateur tournament (still unfinished) in W. P. Mussey's Room, 
Chicago, James Shea scored 50 in 49, making his average 1.03. 



Balkline (14.2). Word also comes that in a handicap tournament 
in J. F. Morley's Room, San Francisco, May 2-19th, H. A. Wright, 
winner-in-chief, averaged 16.67 in one game and 14.85 in all (1,500 
points), and ran 101, 95, 84, 76, and 67 per game, while W. H. 
Sigourney, beaten by Wright and Frank Du Bois, had 18.75 for 
high average, 12.62 in 1,426 for general, and 111, 95, 83, 79, and 
79 for high runs per game, but was tied by Frank Coffin for second 
place. The two general averages are high for amateurs in this 
country. Coffin, Du Bois, Dr. O. B. Burns, and J. F. Morley played 
150 to Wright and Sigourney 's 300. 



INDEX. 



Acute draws, 128, 160, 170 

Aim and delivery, 26, 27, 56, 57, 

77 
"Albany Pony," 8 
Angle, false, 92, 93 
Angles, 54 to 57, 64, 81, 86, 87, 

90 to 92, 106 to 112 
Around-the-table, 84, 85, 116 to 

119 
Attitude, 21 to 23; for females, 

22, 23 
Averages: how to figure, 204; 

decimals best, 204, 205; general 

or grand averages, 205, 206; 

true and false, 206 

Balkline Games described, 261, 
264 

Balkline Games recorded, 261 to 
298 

Balklining an American idea, 7 

Ball: ivory and its care, 14 to 
18; composition ball, 18; stand- 
ard size, 18; fractional divi- 
sions, 27, 29, 41 to 44; slowed 
in play, 38, 100, 103, 104, 115, 
124, 127; sometimes slides, in- 
stead of rolls, 31, 38; illus- 
trated cue-ball as struck for 
draw, follow, twist and mass6, 
28 

Bank shots (cushion first), 167, 
168, 178 to 181 

Billiard-room: its proper dimen- 
sions for various tables, 9; 
how best to light it, 9, 10 

Billiard-table arranged for dif- 
ferent games, 72 

Billiards: pre-eminently a mental 
pastime, 1; participation its 
chief charm, 1; as a spectacle, 
1; historically considered, 4 to 
8; progress of, 1 to 8; in its 
new forms, essentially Amer- 
ican, 7; appliances, their choice 
and care, 9 to 18 



Bridge hand, 35, 36, 68, 69 
Buist, Andrew, 8 

Care of ivory, 14 to 18 

Care of table, 11 

Caroms illustrated and directed, 

46 to 199 
Carr and his magic chalk, 7 
Chalk, 7, 13 

Change of impingement, 56, 57 
Changing habits of play, 19, 20 
Close draw, 193, 199 
Cloth, 12, 13 
Cue, 12, 13, 24; how to hold, 25, 

26; elevation, 38, 39 
Cue-ball, 28; divisions of, 27, 29, 

43, 44; control by means of, 53, 

106, 107 
Cue-leathers: alleged origin, 6 to 

7; choice and care, 13, 24, 25 
Curve, convex and concave, 48, 

49; allowance for, 53 
Curve masse, 130 
Cushion-carom Game, 8, 301 to 

308; change of rule, 302 
Cushion first (see bank shots) 
Cushion follow, 88, 89, 136, 137 
Cushion kiss, 67, 137, 138, 144, 

147, 149 
Cushion shots illustrated, 55, 56, 

58, 61, 63, 64, 72, 73, 82, 84, 86, 

88, 92, 96, 99, 100, 107, 117, 119, 

122, 130, 147, 154, 158, 160, 163, 

167, 182, 186, 188, 191, 193 
Cushion twist, 60 to 63 
Cushions: their requisites and 

care, 13, 14 

Degrees of cue-elevation, 38, 39 
Degrees of strength of stroke, 

47, 75 
Delicacy of touch, 24 
Delivery, 26, 27, 31, 50 
Diagonal, retrograde, rotation 

and impulsion, all in one 

stroke, 58 



329 



330 



INDEX. 



Diagrams of strokes, 46 to 199 
Dions in England, 8 
Direct caroms, 74, 78, 82 
Direct draws, 152, 153 
Division of cue and object balls, 

41 to 44 
Doubling object-ball, 100 to 105, 

134, 172 
Draw, alleged origin of, 6 
Draw, acute, 128, 160, 170 
Draw and twist combined, 112 
Draws and spreads illustrated, 

32, 77, 120, 128, 130, 133, 153, 

160, 163, 167, 172, 192 to 194, 199 
Driving shots illustrated, 100, 

103, 104, 124 to 129, 142, 143, 150, 

177, 186 

Early billiards in America, 5, 6 
Elevation of cue, 38, 39 
"English" (see twist) 
Equal angles, 56, 57 
Estimating odds, 202, 203 
Excessive twist, 88, 91, 92 
Eye at instant of stroke, 26 

False and natural angles, 90 to 

92 
Fifteen-ball Pool, records of, 314 

to 324 
"Fine-cut" caroms, 117, 154, 184 

to 187 
Follow cushion (or cushion fol- 
low), 88, 136 
Follow shots, 29 to 31, 52, 53, 

77, 88, 136, 172, 174, 175 
Force of delivery, 50 
Forearm movement, 22; with 

wrist stroke, 112 
Forfeitures, 200 to 201 
Four-ball Game, records of, 208 

to 236 
French (or Three-ball) Game, 

records of, 237 to 260 

Games: Four-ball, 208 to 236; 
Three-ball, 237 to 260; Cham- 
pion's, 261 to 263; Balkline, 
264 to 299; Cushion Caroms, 
Straight and Triple, 300 to 312; 
Fifteen-ball Pool, 314 to 324 
Gaslight, height of, 9, 10 
Gathering shots illustrated, 78 
to 84, 150, 156 to 165 

Habits, discarding wrong ones, 

19, 20 
Half masse, 39 



Handicapping, 202, 203 
Heavy cue, 24 
Height of gas, 9, 10 
Higham, Linley, 8 
Historical, 4 to 8 
Hollanders, 5 
How to build a room, 9 
How to hold a cue, 25, 26 
Huguenots, 5 

Illustrated caroms, 47 to 199 
Incidence, angle of reflection 

and, 55 to 57 
Introductory, 1 to 3 
Ivory balls, care of, 14 to 18 

Jump, its cause and prevention, 
14, 39, 40 

Kiss draw, 196, 197 
Kiss follow, 196, 197 
Kiss shots illustrated, 67, 123, 

137, 138, 141, 144, 147, 163, 185, 

193, 196, 197 
Knights-templar, 5 

Ladies' attitude at play, 22, 23 
Learning from a book, 20 
Leathering cues, 13 

Machinery of billiards and its 

care, 9 to 18 
Manual: Part I., 19 to 70; Part 

II., 71 to 199 
Masse, 35, 37, 39, 68, 69, 148, 149, 

166, 167, 198, 199 • 

Mental drawing; of angles, 56, 64 
Methods of twist, 33 
Mingaud, Capt., 6 
Monasteries as a billiard cradle, 5 
More, Cathire, 4 
Movements of arm and wrist, 22 

Natural angles vs. false, 92, 93 

Nationalities, various, as play- 
ers, 4 to 7 

N. Y. City's early English bil- 
liards, 5, 6 

Nursing or holding the balls, 35 

Object-ball, 40; divisions of, 41 
to 44; driving, 100, 103, 104, 
124 to 129, 134, 143, 177, 186 

Objective point in calculating 
angles, 108 

Object of play in all strokes, 72 

Oiling balls, 17 

Opening stroke, 72 



INDEX. 



331 



Part I., 19 to 70 
Part II., 71 to 199 

Perception, quick, 1, 26 

Philosophy of twist, 58 

Pool, Fifteen-ball, 31, 314 to 324 

Position shots illustrated, 78, 81, 
82, 100 to 105, 114, 115, 124 to 
129, 134, 143, 150, 156 to 165, 
177, 186, 193 

Principles involved in caroms, 75 

Projecting cue-tips, 12 

Quarter draws, 152, 153 
Quick delivery of cue, 31 

Requirements of table and room, 

9 to 18 
Reverse twist illustrated, 94 to 

97, 132, 133, 176, 177, 182, 183, 

188, 189 
Rotation, cue-ball without, 49 
Rules governing professional 

championships, 325, 326. 
Rules of the various games, 327. 

Scheduling tournaments, 201 
Scoring games, 203, 204 
Scoring for the press, 204 
Sliding cue-ball, 31, 38 
Slowed cue-ball, 38, 100, 103, 

104, 115, 124, 127 
Spaniards and De Soto, 5 
Speeding the object-ball, 38, 53 
Spots on table for different 

games, 70, 71 



Spread draws, . 171 

Strengths of stroke, various, 46 

to 53 
Stroke: central, 29, 61; opening, 

72; simple, 75, 82; difficult, 

156, 192, 193, 198 

Table and accompaniments, 9 to 
18 

Table arranged for different 
games, 70, 71 

Taking aim, 21, 22 

Teaching, 19, 20 

Third and fourth balls intro- 
duced, 6 

Three-ball Game, records of, 
237 to 260 

Three-cushion Caroms, 309 to 312 

Tie. games in tournaments, 200 

Tournaments, how to conduct, 
200 to 207 

Twist, alleged origin of, 6 

Twist, natural and reverse, il- 
lustrated, 32 to 35, 58, 61, 63, 
88 91 to 93, 115, 120, 133, 137, 
172, 175, 182, 188, 193, 194, 196, 
199 

Various caroms from one posi- 
tion, 87 
Vigne, Henri de, 4 
Virginia, English Cavaliers in, 5 

Weight and density of ball, 34, 

35 
Wrist movement, 22, 34, 112 



332 



INDEX. 



INDEX TO BILLIARD RECORD. 



FOUR-BALL GAMES (pp. 208 to 236). 

NOTE. THE ONE PAGE IN MANY CASES COVERS SEVERAL GAMES 

BY THE ONE PLAYER. FIGURES IN PARENTHESES ( ) INDICATE 
PAGE OF " BEST PERFORMANCES." 



Abrams, 234 
Ackerman, 215, 222, 223 
Anderson, 219 

Baldwin, W., 218 
Beatty, 215 
Benjamin, 213 
Bennett, J. G., 232, 234 
Bessunger, 234 
Bird, 209, 213 
Blaisdell, 227 
Bluim, 219 
Bly, 225 
Bowen, 231 
Brainard, 223 
Broga, 215 
Brooks, 214, 227 
Brough, 218 
Brown, 214, 217 
Brown, W., 218 
Bruce, 218, 221 
Bryan, 218 
Bullock, 233, 234 
Burbank, 212, 213 
Byers, 229, 231 

Campbell, 230 

Capron, L,., 219 

Carme, 211, 217, 219, 223 

Carter, E., 232 

Casper, J., 223, 228, 247 

Chapman, 218 

Cheseborough, 214, 217, 219 

Cherry, 223, 228 

Choate, 215, 218, 222, 223, 228, 229 

Coan, 216 

Colby, '227 

Coon, 214, 217, 222, 229 

Craft, 230 

Crawford, 218 

Cronn, 214, 223 

Crystal, 208 

Cusick, 221 



Daly, M., 208, 226, 231, 232, 233, 

235 (236) 
Daniels, 214, 215, 217, 220, 222, 

225, 226, 229 
Davis, 222 
"Davis," 216 
Davis, C, 215, 222 
Davis, E., 221 
Davis, R., 227 

Deery, 209, 210, 211, 214, 219, 225, 

226, 229, 231 
Dennison, 227, 231, 233, 234 
Derome, 232 

Dion, C, 216, 217, 220, 222, 226, 

229, 230, 231 (235) 
Dion, F., 232 
Dion, J., 211, 212, 216, 219, 224, 

226, 230, 232 (235, 236) 
Dodge, 225 
Donahue,, 216 

Egener, 222, 232 
Ellison, 227 

Estephe, 211, 213, 218, 220, 221 
(236) 

Ferguson, J., 216, 231, 232 

Fitch, 231, 232 

Flack, 227 

Foley, M., 208, 210, 211 (236) 

Foley, T., 214, 216, 217, 219, 220, 

223, 224 . 
Forhan, 221 
Foster, 211, 214, 216, 218, 222, 224, 

227, 229, 231 (236) 
Fox, 211 
Francis, 232 

Frawley, 215, 220, 223, 224 
Frink, 214, 216, 232 
Furlong, 221 

Gamier, 226, 233 (235) 
I Garratt, 228, 229 



INDEX. 



333 



Garst, 229 

Geary, 209 

Gillett, 233 

Glessner, 217 

Godfrey, 217 

Goldthwait, 210, 212, 215, 216, 219, 

220, 222, 225, 234 
Gregg, 228 
Griffey, 215 
Grunkemeyer, 223, 228 
Guillett, 216 

Harding, 214 

Hardy, 225 

Harrison, A. H., 219, 220 

Hewes, 213, 221 

Hewins, 213, 223, 231 

Hickey, 232, 233 

Hoa, 234 

Honing, 215, 223, 228 

Honohan, 221 

Hoyt, 221 

Hubbell, 212, 213, 220 

Humphreys, 227 

Hunt, 212, 213 

Jakes, 213, 214, 216, 222, 231, 232 
Jamison, 222, 232 (236) 

Karff, 225 

Kavanagh, 209, 212, 217 (236) 

Keating, 212 

Kendall, 233, 234 

Kenny, 231 

Kimball, 231, 232 

Kinzie, 227 

Kleser, 224, 225, 229 

Knox, 232 

Kraker, 233 

Langdon, 214, 215 
Le Brun, 216, 221 
Little, 210, 230 
Liverman, 225 
Lloyd, 218 
Lynch, D., 210 
Lynch, J., 209 

Maggioli, 234 

Manard, 219 

Masters, 216 

May, 213, 216, 217, 219, 222 

McCarthy, 219, 220 

McCleery, 230, 233 

McCracken, 219, 228, 229 

McDevitt, 211, 212, 215, 216, 220, 

222 (235, 236) 
McFarland, 219 



McKeever, 214 
McVittie, 216 
Miller, D., 213, 214, 217 
Miller, H., 234 
Miller, J., 234 
Miller, M. M., 219 
Montgomery, 213 
Morris, E., 222 
Morris, G., 219 
Murphy, J. F., 227 
Murphy, James, 227 
Myers, F. A., 218 

Nelms, 211, 213, 220, 221, 232 (236) 

O'Brien, 227 
O'Connell, 219 
Olcott, 224 
Orndorff, 223 

Palmer, J., 213, 221 

Parker, F., 212, 222, 226, 228, 229 

(236) 
Pearce, 219 
Peck, 214, 233 
Phelan, J., 232 
Phelan, M., 209, 212 (236) 
Phillips, 217 
Pickley, 227 
Plunkett, 213, 218, 232 
Porter, 213 

Quaid, 234 
Quill, 223 

Rapelye, 230, 233 

Rhines, 216, 221, 224, 225 

Rivers, 222 

Roberts, 230 

Rockhill, 221 

Rogers, 225, 230, 233 

Rooney, 216 

Rudolphe, 223, 225, 226, 229, 230, 

231, 232 (236) 
Russell, 232 
Ryall, 213, 218, 221 

Seavor, 225 

Seereiter, 208, 209, 211 (236) 

Sexton, 235 

Shiel, 227, 230 

Simonds, 223 

Slosson, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235 

Smith, C. E., 217, 227, 230 

Smith, F. E., 214, 222 

Smith, G., 208 

Snyder, 222, 225, 228 

Spear, 227 



334 



INDEX. 



Sproul, 225 
Stevens, 227 
Stone, 227, 231 

Terrell, 219 
Tieman, 209, 211 
Tobin, 214, 215, 227 
Turner, 215, 222, 223 
Tustin, 214, 225 
Twitchell, 231, 232 

Upham, 230 

Vanderwerker, 225, 230, 233 
Vermeulen, 216, 219, 221, 223 



Wade, 219 

Watkins, 227 

Wharton, 225 

White, J. N., 208, 209 

White, T. H., 227 

Wickes, 214 

Wider, 219 

Williams, A. B., 227 

Williams, R. T., 217 

Williamson, 228 

Wilmarth, 214, 215, 217, 227, 233 

Wilson, 227 

Wilson, C. E., 231, 233, 234 

Wollahan, 213 

Wright, 223, 233 (236) 



REGULAR THREE-BALL CAROMS (pp. 237 to 260). 

NOTE. — THE ONE NAME IN MANY CASES COVERS SEVERAL GAMES 
ON THE ONE PAGE. FIGURES IN PARENTHESES ( ) INDICATE 
PAGE OF " BEST PERFORMANCES." 



Abrams, 242, 244, 251, 252 

Bainbridge, 258 

Barnard, 258, 259 

Bassford, 239 

Benjamin, 238 

Bessunger, 242, 243, 250 

Blanchard, 242 

Bluim, 247 

Braisted, Jr., 237, 238 

Briggs, 244 

Burchard, 247 

Burleigh, 248, 249, 252, 257 

Bussey, 248, 253 

Capron, J., 258 

Carme, 237, 239 

Carnev 253 

Carter,' 247, 248, 250, 252, 257 

Casper, 247 

Catton, 255, 256, 260 

Choate, 247, 248 

Cochrane, 242 

Cole, 256 

Coleman, H., 247 

Cook, 245 

Coon, 239, 240 

Coste, 242, 244 



Daly, M., 241 to 255 (260) 

Daniels, 240, 246, 250 

Dawson, 256 

Deery, 237, 242, 249 

Dennison, 244 

Dion, C, 238, 240 to 243, 245 to 

254 
Dion, J., 238 to 250, 252 (260) 
Dodds, 245, 255 
Donahue, 258 
Doyle, 239 

Eames, 258 
Effler, 248 
Emery, 257 
Estephe, 255 

Flannagan, 257 
Foley, T., 240 
Foley, T. P., 280 
Foster, 238, 246 
Fox, 237 
Freeman, 237 

Gallagher, 247, 248, 252, 253, 254, 

256 
Gamier, 240, 241, 243 to 252, 254, 255 
Garratt, 248, 249, 253 



INDEX. 



335 



Haskell, 259 

Hawkins, 253 

Heiser, 252, 253. 254, 256 

Hewins, 238, 239 

Hickey, 244 

Hoa, 244, 248, 253 

Honing, 247: 248, 252 

Honohan, 239, 253 

Ives, 259 

Jennings, 257, 259 
Jones, 257 

Kavanagh, 237 
Keeney, 259 
Kerkau, 259 (260, 314) 
Knapp, G. L., 257 
Knight, C, 252 
Knight, S. F., 245 
Kraker, 243, 249 

Le Brun, 240 
Little, 243 
Liverman, 240, 248 
Lowry, 255 

McAfee, 248 

McAlier, 239 

McCleery, 243, 256, 259 

McCreery, 253 to 256 

McDevitt, 238 

McKenna, 257, 258, 260 

McLaughlin, 255, 256, 259, 260 

Maginniss, 258 

Maggioli, 242, 243, 244, 248, 249, 

252, 256 
Magnus, 255, 256 
Miller, A., 258 
Miller, C. P., 253 
Miller, H., 239, 241, 242, 244, 248, 

249, 252 
Miller, J., 244, 252 
Morris, G., 253 
Morris, Lon, 244, 256 
Morten, 257, 258 
Moulton, 259 
Mott, Jr., 253 
Mullen, 247 



Nelms, 239, 245, 255 

Oddie, Jr., 257, 258 (313) 

Palmer, 239 

Parker, 239, 241, 248, 253 

Pearce, 240 

Peck, 244 

Perkins, 243, 257 

Pihet, 245 

Piot, 255 

Plunkett, 239 

Pulsifer, 244 

Quaid, 244, 251, 252 

Reed, 255, 256 
Rhines, 239, 241, 248, 253 
Rice, 263 (Champion's Game) 
Rockhill, 239 

Rudolphe, 240, 241, 243, 245, 246, 
248, 249, 250, 252, 254 

Saylor, B., 253. 256 

Schaefer, J., 243, 249, 250, 252 to 

255, 258 to (260) 
Shauer, 257 
Shaw, 248, 250 
Seaman, 253 

Sexton, 243, 247 to 254 (260) 
Slosson, 243, 246 to 255 (260) 
Snyder, 243, 253 
Soule, 257 
Stone, 238 
Sullivan, 244 

Terrell, 243 

Thatcher, 247, 252 

Townsend, A. R., 258, 259, (313) 

Trebar, 314 

Ubasssy, 242 to 248 

Vermeulen, 240 

Vignaux, 243, 246, 248, 249, 255 
(260) 

Wickes, 238 
Wilson, 244 
Wright, 243 



336 



INDEX. 



BALKLINE GAMES (pp. 264 to 299), INCLUDING 
CHAMPION'S (pp. 261 to 263) 

NOTE. THE ONE PAGE IN MANY CASES COVERS SEVERAL GAMES 

BY THE ONE PLAYER. FIGURES IN PARENTHESES ( ) INDICATE 
PAGE OF " BEST PERFORMANCES." 



Abrams, 262, 283, 285 

Adair, 289 

Adams, 275, 282, 284, 297 

Adorjan, 287, 288, 299 

Akin, 283 

Allinger, 278 

Alvarez, 294 

Anson, 267 

Arnold, 279, 280 

Atwater, 280, 281 

Bainbridge, 279 

Ballard, 285, 289 

Barker, 292, 296 

Barnard, 272, 276 

Barutel, 285, 286 

Behrens, 265, 266 

Bennett, L. W., 293 

Bennie, 291, 293 

Billings, 288 

Billiter, 286, 292 

Bingham, 282 

Blanc, 297 

Borda, 295 

Boschert, 272 

Boyd, 292 

Brown, A. J., 275, 282, 288, 28! 

Brown, 293 

Bullock, 272 

Burns, 282, 288, 289, 328 

Burris, 267, 272, 275, 276, 278 

Campbell, 270, 272 

Canda, 293, 295, 296 

Capron, J., 272, 274, 294 

Carcass, 289 

Carney, 287, 292 

Carter, E., 261, 262, 268 to 273 

Carter, G., 275, 276 

Castel, 297 



Catton, 267, 

278 
Cayla, 298 
Cline, H., 276 
Cline, J., 267, 272 
Clow, 286, 287 



270, 271, 272, 277, 



Cochrane, 280, 285, 289, 296 
Coffin, 289, 292, 328 
Coleman, H. A., 284, 297 
Conklin, 281 to 285, 287, 289, 293, 

294, 297 (312) 
Coste, 262 
Cure, 286, 290 (299) 

Daly, J., 293 

Daly, M., 261, 264, 265, 267, 271, 

277, 278 
Darantiere, 297 
Davis, 263 
Davis, W. E., 288 
Day, 269 

De Dree, 291, 297 
Dethke, 285 
De Sola, 288 
Dion, J., 264, 267 
Dodds, 272, 275 
Douglas, 279, 290, 295, 296 
Dubois, 288, 328 
Ducassez, 294, 295 

Eames, 270, 272, 275, 293 
Eaton, C, 295 
Ehrlich, 272 
Ellison, 275, 276 
English, 288, 291 

Farley, 293 

Faroux, 297 

Ferris, 287, 292 

Foley, T. P., 280, 281 

Foss, 279, 281, 284, 287, 289, 294, 

296 (313) 
Fouquet, 291 

Fournil, 270, 275, 286, 299 
Franklin, 282 

Gallagher, 262, 267 to 270, 275, 

277, 282, 284, 285, 291 
Gamier, 261, 265, 276, 277 
Gardner, E. W., 276, 283, 286, 

289, 293, 294 
Gardner, F. C, 283, 286 



INDEX. 



337 



Gardner, P., 290 

Gay, 270 

Gerhardt, 284 

Gershel, 279, 292, 293, 296 

Gibelin, 286 

Gillette, 292 

Gilman, 272 

Glorieux, 294, 295 

Goodwin, 275 

Gray, 280 

Griffith, 280 

Guillet, 265, 266 

Hale, 288, 289, 296 

Harris, 280, 281, 285, 289 

Hatley, 270, 271, 275, 286, 288, 

292 
Hawks, 269 
Heiser, 261, 262 (263), 268, 269, 

271, 275 
Helm, 274 
Hendrick, 265, 269, 279, 281, 283, 

286, 287 
Hevner, 279, 281 
Hogue, 296 
Holden, 295 

Hoppe, W., 285, 294, 295 
Hovey, 295 
Howe, 289 

Howison, 282, 284, 285 
Hoxie, 295 
Huntley, 296 
Huyck, 291 

Ives, 270 to 278 (298, 299) 

Jack, 274 

Jakes, 288, 291, 293 

Jennings, 272, 276, 292 

Keeney, 272, 276, 280, 281, 283 

Kellogg, R. W., 269 

Kellogg, W. W., 275, 281, 282, 

284, 286 
Kent, 285, 288, 289, 297 
Kenniston, 292 
Kerkau, 277 
Kinsman, 290 
Kurtz, 284 

Lamare, 297 
Lang, 281, 289 
Lejeune, 291 
Leuiller, 270 
Levine, 281 
Levy, M., 281 
Levy, P., 267 
Lewenberg, 296 



Logan, 296 
Lowenthal, 295 

McCabe, 276 
McCleery, 266, 273 
McCreery, 279, 281, 284 
McDonald, 284 
McKay, 280 
McKee, 283, 284 
McKenna, 268 
McLaughlin, 262, 266, 267, 

269, 272, 275, 277, 284, 285, 

292 (299) 
Maggioli, 262, 266, 269, 270, 

272, 275, 277 
Maginniss, 282, 296, 297 
Marcotte, 293, 294 
Matthews, J., 277 
Maure, 291, 297 
Mial, 278, 279, 281, 283, 284, 

289, 292, 293, 294 (313) 
Milburn, 276 
Miehle, 284 
Miller, 291 
Miller, A. B., 273, 276, 278, 

283, 287, 296 
Miller, G. H., 283, 285 
Miller, J. M., 285, 288, 289, 

296 
Millette, 292, 293, 295 
Morningstar, 277, 282, 284, 

287, 294, 295 
Morris, Lon, 264, 266 
Morton, 291, 295 
Moulds, 266, 270 
Muldaur, 280 
Mullen, 279, 284 

Naves, 291 
Nelys, 291, 297 
Nolan, 275, 281, 282 
Norris, 283, 287 (312) 

Oakes, 276 
Oberlander, 262 
Oddie, Jr., 273 
Ortiz, 284, 285, 294 

Paige, 286, 295 
Palmer, 267 
Parker, 291 
Parker, F., 267 
Parker, H., 282, 284, 296 
Pay an, 294 
Pecchart, 288, 292 
Peterson, C., 286, 292 
Phillippi, 288, 291 
Piot, 270 



271, 

287, 

279, 
293, 



338 



INDEX. 



Poggenburg, 276, 278 to 281, 283, 

286, 289, 292 to 294 (313) 
Poland, 291 
Powers, 288, 291, 293 
Presby, 295 

Rice, 275 

Ranney, 273, 276 

Rapp, 290 

Raaquinet, 291 

Raw son, 280 

Reaney, 295 

Rein, 263, 275, 284, 288, 289, 296 

Reinman, 296 

Rerolle, 291, 296, 297 (313) 

Rhines, 270 

Rhodes, 276 

Roberts, 288 

Rockhill, 267 

Roggan, 282, 288 

Rolls, 290, 291, 295 

Rudolphe, 261, 265 

Ryle, 289 

Sanchez, 294, 295 

Sawyer, 262 

Say lor, B., 266, 273 

Schaefer, J., 261, 262 (263), 264 to 

271, 273 to 277, 278, 280, 285, 286 

(298, 299) 
Schmitt, 282, 287, 298 
Servatius, 279, 292, 293, 295 
Sexton, 261, 264, 267, 268, 275 
Shaw, 272 
Shean, 265 
Shedaker, 291 
Sigourney, 287, 328 
Slosson, 261, 262 (263), 266 to 271, 

273, 274, 278, 280, 285, 286, 290 

(298) 



Smith, J. D., 279, 281, 293, 294 

Sorenson, 285 

Spears, 286 to 289, 292 

Spinks, 276 to 278 

Stark, 273, 276, 278 to 281, 283, 286, 

289 
Sutton, G., 273 to 275, 277, 278, 

285, 286, 290, 293, 295 (298, 299) 
Sutton, G. H., 291 

Taylor, Al., 279, 281, 292, 294 
Taylor, F. L., 282 
Thatcher, 270 
Thajer, 291 
Thomas, 274, 288 
Thornton, 281 
Threshit, 281 to 283, 287 
Tobias, Florian, 279, 296 
Townsend, A. R., 276, 280, 281, 

283, 286, 289, 293, 294 
Townsend, H., 295 

Van Gelder, 285 

Vignaux, 264, 265, 268, 270, 273, 

286, 290, 293, 295 (298, 299) 

Wallace, 264 

Walker, 272 

Watson, 274 

White, 284 

White, 295 

White, C. E., 292, 295, 296 

White, H., 295 

White, H. W., 288, 289 

White, W. G., 269 

Wright, H. A., 289, 328 

Yatter, 270, 272 

Zaehringer, 262, 285 



CUSHION CAROMS— STRAIGHT AND TRIPLE. 

NOTE. THE ONE PAGE IN MANY CASES COVERS SEVERAL GAMES 

BY THE ONE PLAYER. FIGURES IN PARENTHESES ( ) DENOTE 
PAGE OF " BEST PERFORMANCES." 



STRAIGHT. 

Allen, T. W., 303 

Baldwin, S. G., 300 
Barnard, C, 304 
Beard, 207 



Bird, 300, 301 
Bullock, 305 
Burris, 305 
Bussey, 303 
Brock, 307 

Campbell, 301, 303, 304, 306 



INDEX. 



339 



5, 305, 306 



305 to (307, 



Carter, E., 301, 302, 
Catton, 305 
Cline J., 305 
Conklin, 307 
Cotton, 304 

Daly, M., 301, 302, 



Dankleman, 306 

Davis, C, 304 

Day, 300 

De Long, 303 

Dion, J., 300, 301, 302 (307) 

Donovan, 305 

Eames, 304, 305, 306 
Estephe, 300, 301 

Flack, 300 
Fournil, 306 

Gallagher, 301, 303, 305, 806, 307 
Gamier, 301, 306 
Gershel, 307 
Gilman, 304, 306 
Guillett, 306 

Hale, 307 
Hatley, 305 
Heiser, 301 
Honing, 303 
Hunter, 301 

Ives, 305, 306 (308) 

Johnson, D., 303 

Kimball, 302 

Levy, P., 300, 301, 305 

McDevitt, 300 

McLaughlin, 300, 301, 305, 307 

Marshall, 301, 303, 304 

Matthews, J., 305 

Miller, S. W., 307 

Morris, Lon, 301 

Morse, 303 

Moulds, 305 

Muldaur, 307 

Nelms, 300, 301 

O'Neil, 304 

Palmer, 300, 3C1, 305 
Piot, 301 



Poggenburg, 307 
Pollard, 307 

Reeves, 303 
Roberts, G. A., 301 

Schaefer, C, 305 
Schaefer, J., 300 to (307) 
Sexton, 300 to (307, 308) 
Slosson, 301 to (307, 308) 

Tarrant, 301 
Thatcher, 303, 305 

Vignaux, 301, 302, 303, 306 

Wallace, 301, 302, 307 
Warner, 300 
West, 303 
Wolff, 300 
Woods, 305 



Yatter, 301, 



304, 305, 306 



TRIPLE. 



Abrams, 310 
Anderson, 310 
Anson, 309 
Avery, 311, 312 

Barry, 310 
Barutel, 311 
Berry, 310 
Brock, 310 

Capron, J., 309 
Carter, E., 308, 
Catton, 309, 310 
Clark, 308 
Clayton, 310 

Daly, J., 309 
Davis, W. F. 
De Oro, 311 



310 



Eames, 310 

Ferguson, A. D., 311 

Gallagher, 308, 311 

Gershel, 311 

Green, Clarence, 309, 310 

"Harris," 311 
Harrison, W. H., 309 
Haskell, 308 



340 



INDEX. 



Heineman, C, 308 
Hevner, 310 
Howard, 310 
Hutchings, 310 

Ives, 309 

Jevne, 309, 310, 311 
Johnson, W. S., 311 

McCreery, 308 (311, 312) 
Magnus, 308 
Maloney, 309 
Miller, G. H., 310 
Mitchell, G., 310 
Morin, 311 
Myers, W. H., 309 

Newland, 308 

Pellage, 310 
Peterson, F., 311, 312 
Pollock, 308 
Potts, 308 
Presby, E. O., 310 



Rapp, 311 
Riley, 311 

Sauer, 308 
Schaefer, J., 309 
Stiner, 308 
Sutton, G., 309 

Tarleton, 310 
Thatcher, 309 
Townsend, A. R., 

Vasquez, 309, 311 



"Wadsworth," 311 
Wheeler, 310 
Wheeler (Chicago), 311 
White, F. R., 310 
"Williams," 311 
Wilson, C., 308 
Wright, 310 

Zaehringer, 310 



FIEST EVENTS OF NOTE. 



Amateur championship, 225; sec- 
ond, 227 

Amateur championship of Amer- 
ica, 257 

Amateur to become champion, 
212, 213 

"Average" -keeping, 208 

"Average" of double figures at 
Three-ball Game, 241 

"Averages" (single and general) 
exactly alike, 266. 

Balkline introduced and de- 
scribed, 261 (Champion's Game); 
264 (8.2, followed by 10, 12, 12^, 
14, and 18 in.); 265, 266 (Space 
Game) 

Balkline (14.2), 267; in France, 
270 

Balkline (18.2) introduced, 276; 
revived, 290 

Balklining by amateurs (8.2, 
14.2, and 18.2), 272, 273, 291, 
292 

Balkline (18.1) introduced, 276, 
277; championship series, 277, 
278, 285 



Bridge barred, 214 

Brunswick table in public, 222 

California's only first-class tour- 
ney, 251 
Canadian tournament, 213 
Champion's Game, 261; in 

France, 262 
Championship tournament, 210, 

211; of world, 242 
Chicago's first-class tournament, 

243 
Contest between foreigners, 219 
Contest between French experts, 

223 
Contest of multiple nights, 244; 

of same at Cushion Caroms, 

305 
Crotch barred, 210, 239 
Cushion-Carom Game, changes 

in cushioning rule, 302 



Entrance-fees in 
225; revived, 266, 



tournament, 



Five players (the whole number) 
tied alike, 269 



INDEX. 



341 



Four-pocket table introduced, 

210 
Fournil visits America, 306 

Game prohibitive of nursing, 231 
Game played over, 232; second 

(Diamond Cue championship), 

226 
Handicap in public tournament, 

231, 252, 266 
Home-and-home match, 210 

Jawing barred, 211 

Kerkau visits America 

Lines on table, 224 

Long games in tournament, 225, 

251 
Lowering of height of tables, 237 

Mace barred, 214 
Masse barred, 210 

Playing under protest, 224 



Push-shot barred, 214, 225 
Push-shot restored, 218 
Professional tournament, 209, 

210 
Public or record contest, 208 
Public match at West, 209 

Running-out of game from 
start, 227 

Run of triple figures at Three- 
ball Game, 241 

State championship, 212 
Sweepstakes tournament, 304 

Thousand-point Three-ball Game 
in a night, 254 

Three-ball Game officially adopt- 
ed, 239, 240, 242 

Three-cushion tournament, 308 

Tournament in France, 255; also 
the last professional one any- 
where at the same game 
(Three-ball Caroms) 



CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENTS. 



Of America, 210, 211, 225, 226, 
246, 302 

Of Canada, 213, 216, 217, 219, 222, 
232 

Of the Champions, State and 
Canadian, 220 

Of Chicago, 253 

Of France, 255, 286 

Of Long Island, 225, 230, 233, 245 

Of Philadelphia room-keepers, 
267, 276, 278, 281, 300 

Of Shortstops, 270, 272, and 294 
("Young Masters" in Paris) 

Of States— California, 231; Con- 
necticut, 212, 213, 265, 269; 
Connecticut and Western Mas- 
sachusetts, 265, 266; Dakota, 
257; Georgia, 218; Illinois, 216, 
221; Indiana, 219, 228, 253; 
Louisiana, 234, 242, 251, 252, 
310; Maine, 217, 229, 230; Mary- 
land, 217; Massachusetts, 214, 
227, 233, 244, 303, 305; Missouri, 
224, 225; Nevada, 223; New 



England, 270, 272, 288; North- 
west, 240, 292; Northwest and 
Southwest, 248; Ohio, 215, 223, 
228, 247, 303; Pacific Coast, 222, 
233, 243, 256, 310; Pennsylvania, 
213, 218, 220, 239, 305; Virginia, 
217; Wisconsin, 224, 225 

Of the world, 242, 254, 277, 285, 
286, 290, 301, 309, 310 

Amateur — First national cham- 
pionship, 257, 258; A. A. U.'s, 
279, 280, 281, 283, 286, 287; 

N. A. A. B. P.'s, 281, 283, 286, 
289, 294; French championship 
of world (14.2), 297, 298; cham- 
pionship of France and Bel- 
gium (18.2), 291; Knickerbocker 
A. C.'s, N. Y. City, 278, 283, 
(also see A. A. U.'s); Hanover 
Club of Brooklyn and Lieder- 
kranz Society of Manhattan 
(see N. A. A. B. P.'s tourna- 
ments); Interclub Champion- 
ship, Philadelphia, 290, 291, 
295; New Orleans, 242; Illinois, 



342 



INDEX. 



275; Chicago, 227, 311; Cook 
County, 111., 282; St. Paul and 
Minneapolis, 287, 291, 296; Long 
Island, 233, 245; Billiard Club, 



N. Y. City, 295, 310; N. Y. A. 
C, 290; Boston (Cushion Ca- 
roms), 301; Mussey's Challenge 
Trophy (Three Cushions), 311 



NON-CHAMPIONSHIP TOUKNAMENTS. 



Bookmakers', N. Y. City, 304 

Boston, 274, 305, 306 

Brooklyn, N. Y., 248, 257, 258, 

259, 272, 292, 295 
Canada— Toronto, 284 
Chicago, 263, 271, 275, 276, 277, 

280, 281, 285, 288, 289, 293, 298, 

305, 307, 310 
Cincinnati, 274 
New Orleans, 253, 262, 283, 285 



New York City, 209, 249, 251, 252, 
267, 270, 271, 273, 274, 276, 279, 
282, 284, 285, 293, 295, 296, 297, 
307, 311 

Philadelphia, 250, 275 

Pittsburg, Pa., 277, 288, 291, 293 

San Francisco, 251, 266, 288, 289, 
292 

St. Louis, 253, 256 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



Amateur sixteen-hour contest, 
214 

Amateurs' desperate ending of 
ties, 282 

Amateur international matches, 
257, 296 

Balkline played by telegraph, 284 

Best performances — Four-ball, 
235, 236; Three-ball, 260; Cham- 
pion's Game, 263; Balkline, 298, 
299; Cushion Caroms, 307, 308; 
Amateurs', 312, 313 

Cushion Caroms, last profes- 
sional tournament at, 306 



Experts' Game, 231 
Handicapping by games (14.2 vs. 

8.2), 270 
Irregular Billiards, 313, 314 
Ives vs. Roberts, 313 
Kerkau vs. Trebar, 314 
One cue-ball, 310 
"Red, White, and Blue" Game, 

231 310 
Revival of 8.2 Balkline, 283 
Roberts vs. De Oro, 313, 314 
Space Game, 265, 266 
Two styles of game in one 

night, 229, 313 



BALL POOL. 



NOTE. — THE PAGE IN MANY CASES COVERS SEVERAL GAMES BY 
THE ONE PLAYER. 



Alana, 324 
Allinger. 323 

Barnes, 322 
Barton, 320 
Bessunger, 316 
Block, 316 
Burns, 324 
Burris, 323 

Carreche, 324 



Carter, E., 316 
Claess, 317, 318 
Clearwater, 318 to 324 

Dale, 316 
Daly, J., 323 
Dankleman, 316, 318 
De Oro, 317 to 323 
Dinning, 320 
Dion, C, 314, 315 
Dion, J., 314, 315 



INDEX. 



343 



Dougherty, 320 to 323 
Douglas, 324 

Eby, 319, 320, 323, 324 
Eden, 315 
Eggleston, 315, 321 
Erickson, 320 

Field, 315 

Frey, A., 315, 316, 317 

Frey, G., 314, 315 

Gillett, 324 
Gould, 315 

Hamber, 324 
Hamilton, 317 
Herman, 316 
Hough, 315 
Horgan, 323 
Horning, 223 

Kelly, 323 

Keogh, 319 to 324 

King, H., 322 

King, J., 315 to 318 

Kirkland, 324 

Knight, S. F., 314 to 318 

Kuntzsch, 318 to 321 

Lambert, 316 
Lawlor, 318 
Leonard, 316 
Levy, P., 323 
Long, 323, 324 
Luddington, 320 

McCabe, 323 
McCune, 324 
McWarble, 314, 315 
Mack, 315 
Malone, 316 to 318 
Manning, 317 to 320 
Moore, 324 
Morris, G., 315 
Morris, Lon, 314, 315 
Munsey, 322 



Payton, 319 
Porter, 324 
Powers, 318 to 321 
Price, 324 

Rhoades, 323 
Roberts, 321 
Rodgers, 317, 321, 324 
Rudolphe, 314, 315 

Saborido, 320 
Schaefer, C, 315 to 317 
Schaefer, J., 315 
Sexton, 314, 315 
Shaw, 318 

Sherman, 319 to 323 
Slosson, G. F., 314, 315 
Smith, 324 
Sneden, 324 
Stewart, 319 to 321 
Stofft, 323, 324 
Strewe, 320 
Stubbs, 323 
Sutton, G., 323 

Tate, 322 

Tarleton, M., 324 
Thompson, 316 
Thornton, 323 

Vorhoff, G., 324 
Vorhoff, J., 324 

Wahlstrom, 314, 315 

Wallace, 319, 320, 321, 324 

Ward, 320 

Walsh, 319, 320, 321, 324 

Weller, 315 

Wenrick, 320, 321, 324 

Werner, 321 

Weston, 324 

Wharton, 318 

White, T. E„ 322 

Whitney, 315 

Wilson, 322 

Wilson, C. E., 314, 315 



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